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PubMed1989

Sweat gland reinnervation by sudomotor regeneration after different types of lesions and graft repairs.

Clinical and experimental investigations have shown that recovery of motor and sensory functions after a nerve lesion varies with the type of lesion and the repair technique. We report a study on regeneration of sudomotor axons to sweat glands (SGs) in the mouse paw following different sciatic nerve injury procedures: freezing, crushing, and sectioning. After sectioning, repair was by primary suture or by grafting with the resected section or with conduits of plastic or collagen. Successful regeneration was marked by the reappearance of SG reactivity to pilocarpine. After a freezing or crushing lesion, SGs activated by pilocarpine reappeared by 17 days postoperation and then increased progressively in number until the preoperative number of SGs were again active at 41 days. Cutting the nerve followed by primary repair resulted in a short delay and a significant deficiency in reinnervation. Results obtained with a graft of a segment of resected nerve were similar to primary repair after nerve section and better than when grafts of plastic or collagen tubes were used. This suggests that substances provided by the grafted nerve segment and the type of conduit provided play important roles in the regeneration of unmyelinated axons.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reinnervation of sweat glands in the rat hind paw following peripheral nerve injury.

Electrophysiological experiments have been carried out to investigate the time course and extent of sweat gland reinnervation in the rat hind paw. The first evidence of functional reinnervation after nerve transection was obtained at 12 weeks, when the extent of innervation was 20% of that measured in control animals. By 20 weeks, reinnervation had reached almost 50% of control values but then there was no further improvement up to 52 weeks. These results are comparable to those for skin reinnervation by polymodal nociceptor afferents.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nodular hidradenoma: an eccrine sweat gland analog of pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland origin.

A tumor of eccrine sweat gland origin is described that bears a striking resemblance to pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland. Upon closer examination, the tumor contained areas of apocrine decapitation secretory activity, primitive hair follicles, and melanin pigmentation, indicating cutaneous rather than mucosal origin. Six-month follow-up examination has revealed no evidence of recurrence.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1996

The discharge behaviour of single sympathetic neurones supplying human sweat glands.

Firing properties of single sudomotor axons were studied via tungsten microelectrodes inserted percutaneously into cutaneous fascicles of the peroneal nerve in awake subjects. Sweating was induced by radiant heat and measured by changes in skin electrical resistance within the innervation territory on the dorsum of the foot. Eight units were classified as sudomotor neurones because spike-triggered averaging revealed a time-locked relationship between the unitary discharge and the subsequent decrease in skin resistance (1.12 +/- 0.05 s), but no relationship to skin blood flow (measured by a laser-doppler probe). Sudomotor units usually fired only one (maximum six) spike(s) in a sympathetic burst. The mean firing rate was 0.62 Hz, but instantaneous frequencies above 50 Hz could be generated. R-wave triggered histograms and coherence analysis revealed significant coupling between the firing of three sudomotor neurones and the ECG. Moreover, the firing of four sudomotor neurones showed a weak but significant correlation with the spontaneous fluctuations in cardiac interval, diastolic pressure, or the rate of fall in arterial pressure. We conclude that the discharge of human sudomotor neurones is modulated by baroreceptor input.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Carcinoembryonic antigen present in human eccrine sweat.

Carcinoembryonic antigen is detectable by standard unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase technics in eccrine and apocrine secretory and ductal cells. Carcinoembryonic antigen is also present in the cuticle which lines the duct. In eccrine sweat, carcinoembryonic antigen activities were at least thirty times that in serum, using a radioimmunoassay. Carcinoembryonic antigen may form part of the Schiff-positive cuticle and function in the normal homeostasis of eccrine and apocrine glands.

Apocrine Glands↗
PubMed1989

Sweat gland carcinoma of the hand (malignant acrospiroma).

A case of malignant acrospiroma of the hand is reported. This rare sweat gland carcinoma recurs locally in 50% of patients, with distant metastases occurring in 60% of patients. The prognosis for 5-year disease-free survival is less than 30%. Although the histopathologic findings of tumor-free margins and negative regional lymph node dissection indicate a good prognosis in most carcinomas, they do not guarantee a good prognosis in malignant acrospiroma because of the aggressive characteristics of this tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Coma-induced bullae and sweat gland necrosis following clobazam.

Coma-induced bullae and sweat gland necrosis is a rare clinicopathological entity described in association with a variety of aetiopathological conditions all of which have resulted in an impairment of conscious level. We report the first case observed in association with clobazam, used as adjunctive therapy for resistant epilepsy in a 4-year old. The potential underlying mechanisms and previously reported associations are discussed.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1998

Effects of age and gender on sweating pattern during exercise.

Most research on human thermoregulation has focused on young adult males. Much less information is available regarding females, children and the elderly. The following is a brief review of factors that have impeded research in this field, as well as of the main age- and gender-related differences in sweating responses to the combined stresses of exercise and ambient heat. For more comprehensive reviews, see Drinkwater and Horvath (1975), Kenney (1985; 1995) and Bar-Or (1989; 1996).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anhidrosis and absence of sweat glands in mice hemizygous for the Tabby gene: supportive evidence for the hypothesis of homology between Tabby and human anhidrotic (hypohidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome).

I have suggested that the X-linked gene Tabby (Ta) and its autosomal mimics in the mouse may be homologous with the genes for sex-linked anhidrotic (hypohidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome, CST) and its apparent autosomal mimics in the human. In the present study, I examined whether anhidrosis, a cardinal feature of CST, is present in the putative mouse sex-linked model, Tabby. The results demonstrate that whereas normal mice perspire on the volar and plantar surfaces of their paws, hemizygous Ta/Y male mice show anhidrosis and absence of sweat glands, as do human hemizygous male sufferers of CST. This result is strongly supportive of the hypothesis that Ta is homologous to the gene for CST.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Genesis of the sweat:plasma urea concentration gradient.

Experiments with 14C-labeled urea in human volunteers show that urea is sequestered in the epidermis, where it turns over more slowly than in general body water. Sequestered urea, presumed to be concentrated through insensible evaporation of water, is the source of the excess urea found in sweat. Physiologic and clinical implications of the existence of this urea pool are discussed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

The effects of thermal stimulation on the ultrastructure of the human atrichial sweat gland. II. The duct.

The duct of the human atrichial sweat gland, after thermal stimulation, exhibited increased cytoplasmic vesiculation, particularly of the luminal cells, a widening of the intercellular spaces, and the presence of particulate matter in the lumen. The luminal cells of the coiled zone also displayed varying degrees of apical disruption, most probably due to filtration of cell fluid through the terminal web of microfilaments. This zone seems to have a secretory as well as an absorptive role. Specialized junctions (intercellular bridges, gap junctions and tight junctions) were found amongst the basal and luminal cells of the wall of the ascending duct.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1993

Giant primary mucinous sweat gland carcinoma of the scalp.

Primary mucinous sweat gland carcinoma is a rare tumour which usually behaves in a relatively benign manner. This is illustrated by the massive proportions which this tumour reached in the case described, without evidence of metastases.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1980

Sweat-gland carcinomas: prognosis related to histological type.

A series of 10 sweat-gland carcinomas is reported. The ages of the patients at presentation ranged from 12 to 79 years. Three of the tumours had shown long latent periods with a mass present for up to 20 years. Prognosis proved to be related to the histological subtype. Thus, two papillary syringocystadeno-carcinomas, one recurring cylindroma, one hybrid cylindroma/adenoid cystic carcinoma and two mucoid carcinomas were apparently all cured by surgery. Two mucoepidermoid carcinomas and one histologically malignant chondroid syringoma were not only histologically, but also clinically, malignant. The last case, a chondroid syringoma of benign histology, proved nevertheless to be malignant clinically.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1971

Factors affecting the quantitative response of human eccrine sweat glands to intradermal injections of acetylcholine and methacholine.

1. Using a ventilated capsule in conjunction with an infra-red water vapour analyser, and an indwelling intradermal needle, quantitative studies were made relating the magnitude of the sweat responses to the doses of acetylcholine or methacholine.2. Acetylcholine dose-response curves were constructed, and from these curves the threshold dose was defined. The threshold was similar in all subjects (10(-3) +/- S.E. 10(-4) mug/0.1 ml.).3. Factors affecting the acetylcholine dose-response curves were studied. Optimum conditions for stimulation in all subjects occurred using a capsule of 0.63 cm diameter, injection volume of 0.1 ml. and a solution temperature of 37 degrees C. When the skin temperature was 36 degrees C the maximal acetylcholine response was then the same as the maximal thermal response.4. No change in the acetylcholine dose-response curves occurred with repeated determinations at the same site on the same occasion.5. The dose-response relationship for methacholine was similar to that for acetylcholine. The methacholine response was, however, more prolonged and so the volumes secreted were greater.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

A gas-stream heater to control local skin temperature under evaporative sweat capsules.

A compact 4-W gas-stream heater for use with ventilated sweating capsules is described. The heating element is constructed from two modified 75-omega power resistors connected in parallel and contained in the capsule gas inlet tube. Heater power is controlled with integrated circuits which compare the output of a thermocouple, measuring either capsule skin or air temperature, with a predetermined target temperature. The unit responds fairly slowly to sudden large changes in target temperature, but once a steady state is achieved, maintains target temperature levels despite changes in evaporative heat loss. The device is well suited for studies in which local skin temperature or capsule air temperature must be elevated and clamped while the effects of other local stimuli or central thermoregulatory activity are studied, and in studies where the skin temperature effect on transepidermal water loss must be controlled.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Sweating dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Sweating was measured with an evaporimeter in 5 different positions on both sides of the body in 23 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in 11 age-matched control subjects before and after a heating stimulus. Perspiration was increased significantly both before and after the heating provocation in the upper part of the body (the forehead, chest and forearm) of Parkinson patients in comparison with the control subjects (p less than 0.05). The increase of perspiration correlated significantly (p less than 0.05) with the severity of Parkinson's disease as estimated by the Webster scale. The results indicate wide and clear autonomic nervous system dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Papillary carcinoma of apocrine sweat glands in a capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons).

A tumor removed from the skin of the right pectoral region of a 19-year-old male Capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons) was morphologically classified as a papillary carcinoma of apocrine sweat gland origin. The designation of malignancy was based primarily on cellular pleomorphism and stromal invasion. This is believed to be the first report of this neoplasm in nonhuman primates. There has been no evidence of recurrence nor metastasis in the 12 months following excision.

Animals↗