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PubMed1988

[Effects of liking, interpersonal distance, and topics on nonverbal behaviors].

Effects of liking, interpersonal distance, and intimacy of topics on nonverbal behaviors were investigated in a setting simulating natural interaction, using a multichannel approach, which simultaneously took account of look, eye contact, body orientation, body lean, head orientation, and utterances. Twenty four male undergraduates interacted in pairs. Their interactions were video-taped. 1. Effects of liking were found on forward body lean, smile, head orientation, eye contact, and quantity of look. 2. Effects of interpersonal distance were found on forward body lean, eye contact, and body orientation. 3. In high liking, the smaller the interpersonal distance (or the greater the immediacy in terms of interpersonal distance), the greater the immediacy defined as a composite of other behaviors, and in low liking vice versa.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Two types of facial impression judgments and recognition memory for faces].

The author investigated the semantic processing advantage effect on facial recognition memory using two types of personality traits and two types of recognition tests. In Experiment 1, based on the personality impression ratings for smiling and neutral faces made by 40 subjects, four expression-independent (i.e., intelligent, reliable, determined, and ambitious) and four expression-dependent (i.e. extroverted, friendly, affectionate, and likeable) personality trait words were selected. In Experiment 2, two groups of 22 subjects (expression-dependent trait group and expression-independent trait group) were asked to rate 32 faces in terms of physical features or personality traits. This was followed by an unexpected yes-no recognition test in which identical pictures of the target faces or the same person's expression-changed faces were randomly presented with distractor faces. In identical-picture recognition condition, the semantic processing advantage emerged in both expression-dependent and expression-independent trait groups, whereas in expression-changed recognition condition the advantage appeared only in expression-independent trait group. It was discussed that the semantic-codes explanation would be plausible to explain the results obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Exploring the therapeutic potential of friendliness and friendship in nurse-client relationships.

Friendliness and friendship, within the nurse-client relationship, are explored. Friendliness is superficial and includes nurses' smiling, joking, a warm tone of voice and interest in clients, while friendship is a deeper more affective involvement between client and nurse. The therapeutic outcomes of friendliness and friendship are significant. When nurses are friendly, client feelings of disease, strangeness and alienation are replaced by feelings of comfort, belonging and involvement. Friendship between nurse and client has similar outcomes but is a deeper experience that is simultaneously rewarding and sustaining for both. The therapeutic potential of friendliness and friendship suggests: (1) focused research would assist nursings' understanding of these concepts, and (2) determine their implications to nurse education and practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Movements of facial surface in edentulous patients].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of complete denture on the movement of the soft tissues surrounding the oral cavity during oral function. Total of 71 clinically healthy edentulous patients were selected for this study. Forty-seven points on the skin surface of the face of each subject were selected as measuring points and were marked. The movement of these measuring points under the condition of thrusting of the lips, pulling the mouth corners backward, intentional occlusion and smile were measured three-dimensionally when the denture was worn and not worn. The findings were as follows: 1. The changes in the facial structure with and without the denture were marked in the lips. 2. The changes in the movement of the measuring points on the lip surface with and without the denture were found to be large during the thrusting of the lips and pulling the mouth corners backward. 3. The changes in the movement of the measuring points in the lower parts of the facial surface with and without the denture could be measured over a wide range during intentional occlusion. 4. Activities of the mouth corner points were marked, but the changes in the movement with and without the denture were insignificant.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Microstomia following facial burns.

Deep burns to the face and lips often lead to the formation of scar tissue and contracture of the perioral tissues with marked reduction of the ability of the patient to open his mouth. The mouth tends to be turned into a wrinkled, rigid, unyielding structure, resembling the semi-rigid mouth of the fish. Such burns are most frequently caused by electricity or flames, and less frequently by chemical substances. The deformity caused by microstomia is painful both to the patient and to his family. Additionally, there is serious functional loss, it is practically impossible to smile, speech becomes difficult, and the movement of the mandible is limited. In severe cases feeding has to be performed with a straw. Oral hygiene is compromised and access for the administration of dental care is impossible, hence limited to extractions. Techniques to prevent or, if not prevented, surgically correct the resultant microstomia are described, followed by a case report on a pediatric patient, whose microstomia was surgically corrected several years following the injury.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1994

How to give the gift of hospitality. Great customer service.

Whether it takes the form of greeting customers with a smile, redressing a diner's grievance or conducting special kitchen tours, providing customer service has become the number-one priority in foodservices coast to coast. Operators share tips & training methods that are helping staffs provide the hospitable services today's customers are demanding.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cold nose can warm the heart.

Chase, a three-year-old golden retriever, is a show dog with a mission! For the past six months, Chase and his owner, Carol Ruby, of Orion Township, have been visiting patients on the inpatient Physical Rehabilitation Unit at Crittenton Hospital in Rochester. Chase played a key role in the creation of the unit's new Pet Therapy Program. Currently, Chase is one of three dogs whose goal is to bring smiles to the faces of patients at the hospital.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Hospital takes customer service to new level, sees positive effect on bottom line.

Service with a smile boosts bottom line. Treating co-workers and patients like guests is the linchpin of a whole new philosophy at Bradley Memorial Hospital in Cleveland, TN. Administrators there insist a host of new customer service programs, from cap and gown graduation ceremonies to bunny bucks, has resulted in dramatic financial improvements and more satisfied patients and staff.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

ED staff and clinicians learn essential human relations skills.

Smile training for the emergency department? An increasingly popular customer service training program for physicians and staff in the emergency department teaches how to improve personal interactions with patients. Without focusing on how patients are treated beyond their medical ailments, course developers warn, hospitals may be alienating patients who might decide not to pay their hospital bill or might take their business elsewhere in the future.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Marketing on a shoestring.

Marketing includes the many steps taken to sell a product or service from its conception to its purchase or use. In healthcare, three cost-effective audiences to target are referring physicians and their staffs, local HMOs and PPOs, facility employees and patients. The potential users of such services--your target audience--should be made aware of new offerings such as the addition of special procedures, a new piece of equipment, or perhaps a new physician with special capabilities. To ensure a productive effort, a marketing attempt must follow two cardinal rules: first, the product or service offered must be of high quality and, second, the marketing effort must be carried out consistently. An effective marketing campaign should create an impression within the community about the facility by emphasizing those aspects of the department or facility that make it unique. Are its hours of operation adequate? Do its personnel project a professional attitude and demeanor? Does it have a specialty that makes it unique within the healthcare community? The most powerful marketing tool of all is word of mouth, which is based on the judgments clients make after visiting the facility-department or facility employees smile and greet visitors, they are polite and helpful on the telephone, their attitudes are professional, and so forth. Such impressions are worth millions in goodwill and can be used as a marketing tool. Last, an actual case study from my hospital explains how we determined the need for and marketed an open MRI system.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1999

Video superimposition at the C.A. Pound Laboratory 1987 to 1992.

William R. Maples practiced many aspects of human identification using simple and relatively inexpensive video superimposition equipment. Identification of skulls by comparison to known photographs was a primary concern. Clear, smiling photographs revealing the spatial relationships of the teeth to one another led to uncomplicated positive identifications. However, without benefit of dentition, how accurate was an identification based on the alignment of soft tissues with the underlying skull? Most importantly, how often would a false positive result when anterior dentition were not available? A study conducted by this author and Dr. Maples used three human heads and 98 profile and full-face photographs. A 0.6% incidence of false match resulted when both views of the face were used. Lateral view and frontal view superimpositions were identified incorrectly in 9.6% and 8.5% of the sample respectively. As a result, multiple photographs from varying angles were requested for superimposition identity cases. Additional applications in laboratory case work were developed for the equipment. Light boxes under the television cameras allowed radiographic comparisons. Video taped comparisons of antemortem and postmortem radiographs were shown to medical examiners and families as proof of identification. Dr. Maples and this author were also involved in several cases in which photographs taken by a surveillance or ATM camera were compared to court ordered photographs of an alleged perpetrator. One case, which went to trial, led to the conviction of a habitual criminal under Florida statute. This individual had a condition known as Stahl's ear, a deformation of the cartilaginous structure. The ear was seen clearly in many of the ATM camera photographs and was aligned easily with the known photographic sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Genetic analyses of focal aspects of infant temperament.

The authors explored the genetic and environmental underpinnings of individual differences in temperament with a sample of 604 3- to 16-month-old infant twins and their parents. Mothers completed Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), and a subsample of 140 9-month-old twins participated in behavioral assessment of temperament in the laboratory as well. For IBQ Smiling and Laughter and Duration of Orienting, both additive genetic and shared environmental effects were needed to best represent the data. Shared environmental effects fully accounted for cotwin similarity for IBQ Soothability, and conversely, additive genetic effects fully accounted for cotwin similarity for the IBQ Distress to Limitations, Distress to Novelty, and Activity Level scales. With the subsample, the authors fit a multivariate model to mother report, father report, and lab measures of stranger distress and found that genetic influences were most important for the covariation among these measures.

Arousal↗
PubMed1999

The 4G/5G polymorphism in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene is not associated with myocardial infarction.

Several studies have found an association between high plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels and myocardial infarction. Whether this is causal or a consequence of atherosclerosis or tissue damage, remains unclear. Homozygous carriers of the 4G allele of the 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene have higher PAI-1 levels compared to carriers of the 5G allele in healthy persons in some studies, but not all. If PAI-1 levels are causally related to myocardial infarction, one would expect more homozygous carriers of the 4G allele among patients, provided that these carriers have high PAI-1 levels among healthy persons in that population. We investigated the distribution of this polymorphism in the "Study of Myocardial Infarctions Leiden" (SMILE), including 331 men with a myocardial infarction and 302 control subjects and measured PAI-1 antigen levels among the latter. Secondly, we looked into the association of cardiovascular risk factors with PAI-1 levels. We did not find an increase in risk of myocardial infarction in carriers of the 4G allele. Neither did we find an association, nor a trend, between the 4G/5G polymorphism and PAI-1 antigen levels in control subjects. Controls with obesity, hypertension, or who smoked had significant higher PAI-1 antigen levels compared with persons without these factors. High cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also associated with high PAI-1 antigen levels, and HDL-cholesterol levels showed an inverse association. We conclude that the 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene is not associated with the risk of myocardial infarction. As we did not find any association between this polymorphism and PAI-1 antigen levels in healthy persons, we cannot draw any conclusions about the causality of PAI-1 itself for myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ceramic materials more durable, suitable for fixed prosthetics.

The practice of dentistry progressed with the recent developments and innovations in dental materials. The clinicians need to be familiar with these materials to successfully incorporate them in their practices. Fixed prosthodontics has assumed a growing role in the practice of restorative dentistry since the application of the lost wax casting technique. With the increased life expectancy, a greater demand of fixed prosthodontics is expected in the future. Recent material and technical and clinical advances have made treatment planing and decision-making more complex; most have attempted to improve current techniques to achieve the ideal pleasant smile. Intelligently planned, well documented, evidence-based research has provided a reliable foundation to many of these advances affecting the practice of fixed prosthodontics. This article will attempt to focus on some of these clinically relevant and applicable developments and briefly review the current literature and encourage pratictioners to review subsequent literature.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1975

[Microretention of plastic filling materials on acid etched enamel].

In order to study the strength of the physical bond between composite materials and acid etched enamel, various commonly used composites were applied to the conditioned surface of extracted young permanent bicuspids. The specimens were stored in saline at 37 degrees C for one week and nine weeks and then subjected to tensile strength test. The following composites were tested: Restodent, Nuva Seal/Nuva Fil, Cosmic, Smile, Adaptic and Concise Enamel Bond. The latter was used in 4 different ways. The results of the study indicate that all the tested materials have a fairly good retention on the conditioned enamel. However, when using Concise Enamel Bond, care must be taken not to let the pure, liquid resin polymerize on the enamel before applying the composite, because this will give a poor bonding between the enamel and the filling. In addition to the tensile strength test, the materials were submitted to scanning electron microscop, to examine their penetration ability into conditioned enamel. The results of this study seem to indicate that the resin part of viscous composites (Cosmic and Concise pastes) was able to penetrate into the crevices of the etched enamel as well as the more fluid types (Restodent, Nuva Seal and diluted Concise).

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1999

Development and evaluation of a sugar-free medicines campaign in north east England: analysis of findings from questionnaires.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a strategy for a campaign aimed at general medical practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists and to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign on (a) awareness of the role of liquid oral medicines containing sugar in dental disease and (b) changing prescribing and dispensing of sugar-containing medicines. DESIGN: Pre- and post-campaign questionnaires were sent to community pharmacists and GPs and following a series of qualitative interviews with them, a campaign was developed. Following post campaign questionnaires, changes due to the effects of the campaign were evaluated. SETTING: The test area was Newcastle and North Tyneside Health Authority area with Sunderland and South Tyneside Health Authority areas as control. INTERVENTIONS: An information pack followed up by a personal contact was the main form of intervention. The pack comprised a Smile for Sugar-Free Medicines leaflet used in the north west campaign, abstracts from professional journals illustrating the benefits of sugar-free medicines, local dental health information and computing information which could be used to adapt computer terminals in surgeries to display sugar-free options more prominently. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in the knowledge and awareness of both pharmacists and GPs to liquid oral medicines containing sugar as assessed by questionnaires. RESULTS: Increased knowledge and awareness of both pharmacists and GPs to the role of liquid oral medicines containing sugar and the use of sugar-free medicines had taken place but these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The campaign created awareness amongst GPs and pharmacists about dental issues and it is hoped that this awareness can be built upon in future oral health promotion campaigns. However, it is likely that facilitation of sugar-free medicines use will occur only if sustained and constant reinforcement is available. The methodology used presented several difficulties in evaluating change.

Carbohydrates↗