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At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The influence of scalp sampling on the cesarean section rate for fetal distress.

One year's obstetric experience at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center was reviewed and compared with previous years. The incidence of cesarean section for fetal distress is low and has remained constant over the past 7 years. Periodic changes and decreased baseline variability of the fetal heart rate accounted for 39% of the diagnoses of fetal distress in this group. Scalp sampling clarified the diagnosis of fetal distress and prevented unnecessary cesarean section. Compromised perinatal outcome in the greater than 2,500 gram weight group was confined to those who were monitored, had indications for monitoring, or had identifiable prospective risk factors, with rare exceptions.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1980

Intrapartum fetal heart rate: correlation with scalp pH in the preterm fetus.

The relationship of FHR patterns and fetal scalp blood pH is well documented in the term fetus. Although FHR monitoring has been increasingly used to guide intrapartum management of the preterm fetus, little documentation of efficacy and the interrelationship of FHR patterns with pH is available. This report of 62 preterm fetuses documents the relationship of FHR findings and their correlation with fetal pH. The ominous connotation of late deceleration is emphasized. The evaluation of the presence or absence of FHR variability and acceleration patterns are proved as significant factors which are helpful in making management decisions.

Fetal Blood↗
PubMed1983

Transcutaneous scalp PO2 measurements in the fetal sheep: the influence of external pressure on the electrode or on the skin.

Measurements of continuous transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) have been performed on the scalps of six fetuses from ewes not in labor, while they were under epidural anesthesia. The effects of artifacts such as pressure upon the electrode and pressure on a circle around the electrode (tonsure effect) have been studied. It appears that tcPO2 measurements are markedly influenced by pressure as well as tonsure. As a result, an artificially low tcPO2 reading caused by pressure or tonsure cannot be distinguished from a low value caused by a real decreased intravascular PO2. The "relative heating power" necessary to keep the temperature of the electrode at 44 degrees C is influenced by a number of variables and hence does not solely reflect capillary flow beneath the electrode. Fetal tcPO2 monitoring is unlikely to function as a suitable method of antepartum monitoring throughout delivery in the same manner as the cardiotocograph. The value of dynamic tests at the start of labor such as testing the response to administration of medicaments or gas mixtures needs to be evaluated.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1985

Fetal subcutaneous scalp PO2 and abnormal heart rate during labor.

Intrapartum fetal heart rate and subcutaneous scalp PO2 were continuously measured with a combined electrocardiogram-PO2 needle electrode in 34 patients. The incidence of fetal heart rate abnormalities increased significantly with decreasing subcutaneous PO2, from 0.8% of the 10-minute periods in which subcutaneous PO2 was greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg to 53% of the periods in which subcutaneous PO2 was less than 10 mm Hg.

Electrodes↗
PubMed1977

Scalp as a donor site.

Our experience in twenty-six patients suggests that the scalp is an excellent source of split thickness skin grafts. Healing is rapid, infection is rare, and the regrowth of hair conceals the donor site.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Resurfacing denuded areas of the beard with full thickness scalp grafts.

Reconstruction of a beard-bearing area, such as the upper lip, necessitates hair-bearing grafts no thicker than a full thickness skin graft, in order to allow for normal movement. In the normal scalp, however, most of the follicles reach into the subcutaneous fat. By preoperative epilation it seems possible to induce the catagen phase of the hair cycle during which the follicles migrate into the corium and thus will be transplanted as complete morphological units. The clinical results support this concept.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cutaneous lymphomas of the face and scalp.

The presentation of malignant lymphoma as a solitary, discrete cutaneous nodule on the face or scalp is rare. This paper describes the clinical features of five patients with this manifestation of lymphoma referred to one plastic surgery unit over a period of 3 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A multiple territory free tissue transfer for reconstruction of a large scalp defect.

A case of extensive basal cell carcinoma of the scalp, skull and meninges is presented. A large free tissue transfer was required for reconstruction, including the adjacent skin territories of the transverse scapular, parascapular, latissimus dorsi and lateral thoracic flaps. The entire flap was transferred without necrosis.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Surgical treatment of radiation-induced scalp lesions.

The treatment of scalp lesions induced by ionising radiation in four patients is described. In each case the technique used was different. Three required several operations and a prolonged hospital stay. The fourth patient, in whom a free flap was used, underwent a single operation. In selected patients with reasonable general health free tissue transfer may provide the best solution to such difficult management problems.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Penetrating Marjolin's ulcer of scalp involving bone and dura mater treated by wide excision and direct application of a split-skin graft on the brain: a 10-year follow-up.

A case is presented of a patient with a massive Marjolin's ulcer arising in chronic scarring of the forehead following an avulsion injury of the scalp at the age of 20. The tumour had invaded the skull and the dura mater. The lesion was radically excised leaving the brain itself widely exposed at the base of the wound. The defect was covered with a thick sheet of split-skin taken with a Padgett dermatome. At follow-up 10 years later the patient is alive and well with no symptoms and no recurrence of the tumour.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

Early tissue expansion to close a traumatic defect of scalp and pericranium.

A case is presented in which an extensive area of traumatically denuded skull bone was successfully closed using a tissue expanded, hair-bearing scalp rotation flap, following expander insertion on the third day after injury. No split skin grafting was required and, in view of the high quality of cosmesis achieved, it is recommended that the technique be considered for other cases of acute traumatic soft tissue loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cranial coverage involving scalp, bone and dura using free inferior epigastric flap.

Four cases of successful reconstruction of scalp and skull defects are described. The advantages of the free inferior epigastric flap are that it is large enough to cover massive defects of the head and has an excellent vascular pedicle which allows it to be directly sutured to recipient vessels in the neck without interpositional vein grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The post- and retro-auricular scalping flap (the PARAS flap).

The possibility of an axial pattern scalp flap with a random extension is presented on the basis of cadaveric dissection and clinical studies. The study shows promise of an aesthetic flap for covering facial defects. The vascular anatomy is discussed and the surgical technique described, and its clinical application in five patients illustrated. More clinical work and long term follow-up are in progress.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A critical appraisal of the use of free flaps in primary reconstruction of combined scalp and calvarial cancer defects.

Eleven patients had scalp tumours with full thickness calvarial invasion excised and reconstructed with free flap transfer as a primary procedure. Latissimus dorsi or radial forearm flaps were used, with split rib calvarial reconstruction. One flap was lost peroperatively and another necrosed at 8 days following pedicle compression against an acrylic "skull". Only six patients presently survive, two being treated for recurrence. Long-term follow-up indicates that poor prognostic factors are advanced local invasion, squamous or anaplastic tumours, and advanced age. However, palliative treatment has a role.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Reconstruction of aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp by split rib cranioplasty and a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap in a nine month old infant.

We present a case of reconstruction of severe aplasia cutis congenita. Initial treatment with silver sulphadiazine dressings failed and local scalp repair of the defect at age 3 months also failed to provide a stable reconstruction. At age 9 months the infant was experiencing increasing apparent hydrocephalus, shunt infection and brain herniation. The definitive reconstruction was performed with a split rib cranioplasty and a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The reconstruction was successful and the infant has a normal head shape and no neurological deficit 12 months postoperatively.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1976

The scalp topography of potentials associated with missing visual or auditory stimuli.

Averaged potentials time-locked to regularly presented visual and auditory stimuli and to the occasional random deletion of a stimulus were recorded from a scalp electrode array overlying the left hemicranium. The major components of visual and auditory evoked potentials and of the potentials associated with missing stimuli (MSP) were measured and their amplitude distributions depicted in the form of isopotential maps. The N1 components of the VEP and AEP had distributions compatible with sources in and near the respective primary cortical projection areas. The P2 components were more widely distributed and could be attributed in part to generators within modality specific association areas. The MSP comprised two main components, an initial negativity (NMSP) and a later positive wave (PMSP). The NMSP distributions were different in the visual and auditory modalities, and were similar to the respective EP topographies. The NMSP appeared to reflect a more powerful contribution of association areas than did the evoked responses. The PMSP topography was modality unspecific with distributions which were maximal over the parietal region. The possible functional significance of the NMSP and PMSP was considered in the light of their timing and topography.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The scalp topography of potentials in auditory and visual discrimination tasks.

Averaged event-related cortical potentials (ERPs) were obtained from an array of scalp electrodes overlying the left hemicranium in response to regularly presented visual or auditory stimuli (non-signals)and to infrequent random replacements by different stimuli (signals) in the same modality. A motor response was required to the signals. Non-signal ERPs were subtracted from signal ERPs and the topographic distributions of the negative (N2 delta) and positive (P3 delta) components were plotted as isopotential maps. N2 delta distributions differed for the auditory and visual modalities, whereas P3delta was modality unspecific. These topographic data were compared to those from the previous study of missing stimulus potentials (Simson et al. 1976) using maps representing the contributions from unilateral cerebral sources. The N2 delta and negative missing stimulus potential distributions ascribed to cortical activity within the secondary auditory and visual regions, whereas the late positive component (positive missing stimulus potential or P3 delta) were considered to derive principally from inferior parietal association cortex.

Adult↗