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PubMed1987

The Menu Workbench: an automatic menu generator for bio-medical programs.

A program development tool, The Menu Workbench, is described and applied to the computer screen architecture, menu design, and program management of bio-medical programs. Prerequisites for the approach to these problems are presented. An intuitive screen menu system, developed for the program, Immuno-Ligand Analysis System (ILAS), is described in the text. Standardized screen layout and keyboard interaction is explained. The programming of this system of menus was automated with the program, Menu Workbench, in the Turbo PASCAL language in PCDOS, MSDOS and CP/M operating systems. Use of the Menu Workbench program in other bio-medical applications is discussed.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1984

Use of behavioral science concepts and processes to facilitate change: a team building program for nursing supervisors.

This paper describes a team development program conducted for Nursing Supervisors and Nursing Executives in a Melbourne teaching hospital. It provides a detailed account of (i) the concepts which guided the formulation and conduct of the program and (ii) the processes which were used to maximise the possibilities for change and foster a joint commitment to dealing with problems in the Nursing Department. The program achieved greater understanding and clarity regarding work roles, improved cohesion and teamwork at the supervisory and executive level and a shift towards a more participative style of management within the department.

Australia↗

PubMed1991

The building blocks of a quality day treatment program: the needs assessment.

This paper is the first in a series of papers which discuss the many necessary ingredients that combine to produce a quality day treatment program. The theme of this article is the assessment of market needs. Included are (1) an introduction to the concepts of needs, (2) a discussion of the movement from need to change in society, (3) an examination of the process of quantifying needs, and (4) a brief description of several different types of needs assessments. The conclusion provides a description of each salient point and indicates its use in day treatment program development.

Data Collection↗

PubMed2007

Risk factor research and prevention for anxiety disorders: introduction to the special series on risk and prevention of anxiety pathology.

In relation to treatment-related research in the United States, there is relatively little systematic effort focused on the combination of risk and prevention for anxiety pathology. This article broadly discusses risk factor research and prevention program development for anxiety psychopathology. The authors also specifically discuss papers in this special issue that are focused on these topics. Risk factor research should be used by clinical researchers to inform prevention programs, and reciprocally, prevention knowledge should be effectively utilized to drive new, clinically focused risk factor research.

Anxiety Disorders↗

PubMed2006

An employee assistance program for caregiver support.

The Comprehensive Caregiver Choices Program provided support for employee caregivers of elderly people for employees at a hospital in Fort Worth, Texas. Key informant interviews and focus groups provided direction for program development and implementation. A full-time MSW and professionals with expertise in gerontology/geriatrics provided education and care coordination services to caregivers. Approximately 4% of the hospital's workforce participated in the program. Attendees evaluated educational sessions and follow-up interviews were conducted with program participants. Caregiver support programs must continue to seek innovative and creative marketing and service delivery methods to reach out and assist working caregivers in need of support.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

What providers should know about community cancer control.

PURPOSE: The authors describe a framework for developing an effective, community-focused cancer control program. OVERVIEW: Progress in the application of cancer control interventions has proven to be quite variable across different populations and communities. The Kentucky Cancer Program, developed under joint sponsorship of cancer centers at two state universities, has been using a model that appears to provide a high degree of sensitivity to community-specific problems and solutions. The Kentucky four-step model includes 1) using data from a population-based cancer registry and other sources to identify problems; 2) ensuring community involvement with providers in selecting the target population and developing the intervention strategy; 3) implementing the intervention plan; and 4) using cancer registry and other data to evaluate the impact of this intervention. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This framework may be useful to providers as they try to balance the goals of their clinical practice and the goals of community cancer control. Developing an effective, community-focused cancer control program requires that providers gain a solid knowledge about their community. The depth and richness of that knowledge base is enhanced by the active participation of community members as they collaborate with the providers on planning and implementing cancer control activities.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1997

Research-based practice: reducing restraints in an acute care setting--phase I.

The purpose of this research utilization project was to select and implement a research-based Restraint Education Program for reducing the use of restraints in an acute care setting by changing the perception of the restraint coordinators about restraints in the direction of decreased importance. The Iowa Model, Research Based Practice to Promote Quality Care (Titler et al., 1994) was selected to guide the change process. A multidisciplinary team reviewed the restraint policy and procedure, new restraint products and alternative restraint methods. After a review of the literature on restraint education programs, the committee concluded that education was the key component in decreasing the use of physical restraints. The research-based Restraint Education Program developed by Drs. Strumpf and Evans was selected as the educational program. Education sessions were developed and a pilot study was conducted with the restraint coordinators. The Perceptions of Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ) (Strumpf & Evans, 1988) was administered before and after the education sessions. The results of the t-test showed a decrease in the post-test mean scores on 7 of the 17 items indicating a less important perception by the staff about the use of restraints. Four items had an increase in mean scores on the post-test indicating the restraint coordinators increased their perception of the importance of physical restraints with these items. The restraint education program was presented to the nursing staff throughout the institution. Risk management and quality assurance will monitor patients restrained and evaluate the nursing staff with the PRUQ in 3 months.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Move to the head of the class: developing staff nurses as teachers.

Nurses, while clinical experts in their specific fields, rarely have an opportunity to learn and practice teaching skills needed in an educator role. Clinical experts experience anxiety when asked to make the transition from a clinical environment to the teaching role. This article describes a 4-hour program developed to train nurses to become teachers. Adult learning principles, learning styles, and curriculum development were included to demonstrate the skills necessary to help nurses become proficient teachers.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2004

Aortic aneurysm repair with endovascular grafts: developing a graft surveillance program.

The objective of this study was to describe the development of a comprehensive surveillance program for monitoring the long-term follow-up of endoluminal stent graft (ELG) patients. Despite high procedural success rates, ELG patients remain at ongoing risk for aneurysm sac expansion, rupture, and other adverse events that make long-term surveillance imperative. As they perform more ELG, practitioners face increased logistical difficulty performing appropriate patient follow-up. A computer-based data ELG registry was created using Epi Info, a program developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that enables users to design a data entry form, enter data, and perform statistical analyses. The database has been used to track 259 patients (214 men and 45 women) who underwent ELG between November 1999 and October 2003. One-year follow-up was available for 182 patients, 2-year follow-up for 104 patients, and 3-year surveillance data for 40 patients, which represent follow-up rates of 89.6%, 78.8%, and 61.5%, respectively. There were 25 late deaths. The Kaplan-Meier estimate for 1-year survival was 92.5%. Twenty-one patients underwent 24 secondary angiographic procedures at a mean 8.6 +/- 10.3 months (range, 1-37.6) after stent-graft repair. No mortality was observed in association with a secondary intervention. There were no late conversions to open aneurysm repair. The Kaplan-Meier estimate for freedom from secondary intervention for all patients at 1 year was 91.0%. A computer-based registry facilitates appropriate and timely patient follow-up and may improve the long-term outcome from ELG.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

The evolution of nursing homes into comprehensive geriatrics centers: a perspective.

Nursing homes typically have been a relatively isolated component of health care in the United States. Now, however, nursing homes are experiencing a change in the patients they serve. In recent years, nursing home patients have been admitted sicker and after a shorter hospital stay than in the past. Such changes are likely to continue to occur as the size of the population of frail elderly continues to increase and as insurers look for alternatives to high cost hospital care. An additional stimulus to change is that the public is asking for innovation in noninstitutionalized long-term care. This essay advocates that nursing homes are the ideal component of the health care system to lead innovative program development focused on the creation of a highly organized continuum of care for the frail elderly. Physicians must be a fundamental part of this process, providing the guidance and leadership necessary for nursing homes to evolve into comprehensive geriatrics centers. Strategies are provided for developing physician office practices in nursing homes, a fundamental first step in the process of change. Additionally, ideas are provided for developing day care centers and physician house call programs based in nursing homes. Also, tight and highly functional relationships among nursing homes and acute hospitals must be developed. The example of the Johns Hopkins Geriatrics Center is described briefly as one such program now in place.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Studies of the functional characteristics of central neurons of the brain in a behavioral experiment.

The activity of central integrative brain neurons is associated with the overall assessment of functionally diverse signals of different sensory modalities which converge on these neurons via parallel inputs. Processing this information, these neurons take part in organizing the animal's various actions and in the mechanisms involved in switching from one action to another. Therefore, understanding of the functional characteristics of central brain neurons requires studies in which the dynamics of neuron activity are recorded continuously throughout a sequence of actions performed by an animal. Traditional methods of analyzing neuron activity, such as the construction of post- and peristimulus histograms and cross-correlation analysis, are inadequate for this purpose. These methods allow analysis to be applied to neuron spike activity only around each synchronization point Their use for studies of a developed program of animal actions unavoidably leads to a set of separate histograms providing no information on the dynamics of neuron activity corresponding to continuous behavior. A complex approach to studying the neuronal correlates of behavior is suggested, designed to overcome these difficulties. The method is based on the use of a developed behavioral program with recording of several neurons in parallel, with analysis of neuron activity using a relative time scale based on the duration of each sequentially performed action. Non-traditional methods of processing neuron spike activity were developed for analysis of the resulting data, including construction of relative histograms and multidimensional statistics methods. These approaches allowed us to study the dynamics of neuron activity continuously through all the stages of performance of a behavioral program and obtain data on the involvement of each group of those neurons which were studied in functionally different actions. This methodology was tested using studies of the functional characteristics of striatum neurons in monkeys. Comparable data were obtained on the individual responses of neurons and on the dynamics of their activity at different stages of the animals' performance of a multicomponent behavioral program. This revealed the lack of functional specialization in striatum neurons and different patterns of their involvement in motor and cognitive functions.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1991

Establishing a model for care in schizophrenia: one program's experience.

Unified service systems for the chronic mentally ill are frequently proposed yet rarely implemented. This paper presents a program developed specifically to meet the needs of young people with schizophrenia and their families. The program's evolution and design, from its origins in a hospital to its eventual base in the community, are described. The implications of a clinical teaching unit affiliated with a university are outlined. The experience of a typical patient and his family provides a view from a clinical context. Hypotheses arising from this case study point to future empirical work in the development of model programs in the care of the long term mentally ill.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Survivors of medulloblastoma: implications for program planning.

A growing literature documents the deleterious effects of radiation therapy in children treated for malignant brain tumors. However, the clinical relevance of previous research has been limited by reliance on global IQ and achievement test scores. The present study of a sample of long-term survivors of medulloblastoma examined their cognitive and socioemotional functioning in depth with standardized psychologic measures. Participants' levels of intellectual functioning ranged from moderately mentally retarded to low average, with marked scatter across individual skills. Thirty-nine percent of participants had formal learning disabilities, with achievement substantially below their learning potential. In terms of specific areas of deficit, almost one half the patients tested (47%) showed considerable impairment in perceptual-motor coordination, fine-motor dexterity, attention and concentration, sequencing, and memory, particularly visual memory. More than one half of the sample (54%) was also described as displaying severe impairment in terms of maladaptive behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for special education, everyday skills, and psychosocial program development.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

A university's response to a need for school nurse education.

This study examined the need for program development that allows school nurses the opportunity to receive advanced practice education while continuing to work in their school settings. Findings suggest that school nurses can advocate for greater access to undergraduate, graduate, and practitioner programs by influencing academic institutions to provide appropriate professional education to their members.

Education, Nursing, Graduate↗

PubMed2001

Assessing the professional development needs of public health professionals.

This article describes the major activities associated with designing and implementing a comprehensive, professional development needs assessment of public health professionals in four states of the South Central region of the United States. The instrumentation, research design, and summary results of the needs assessment described in this article may facilitate similar efforts by interested researchers and program developers to assess the public health professional workforce training needs. Results of needs assessments can be useful in designing and evaluating professional development curricula and activities to strengthen public health services in the United States.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Workplace violence: protecting your practice from an epidemic.

Workplace violence, in the form of verbal threats and/or intimidation and physical aggression, is commonplace in medical practices today. The practice must be prepared to respond to this disaster in the same manner with which they prepare for responses to a medical emergency, fire, or loss of electricity. The risks and liabilities of failing to build a robust program include low staff morale and productivity, employee injury, lost work time, regulatory fines and sanctions, and the risk of civil judgments against the practice. The most successful programs receive commitment (read: involvement) from management and include staff in program development and implementation.

Female↗

PubMed1996

A community development and outreach program in geriatric mental health: four years' experience.

OBJECTIVES: To describe a geriatric mental health outreach program based on a community development model and to review 4 years of experience with this program. DESIGN: Program model and description of implementation experience. SETTINGS: A geriatric mental health outreach program of a regional psychiatric hospital, serving a primarily non-urban area, with offices in the community it serves. PARTICIPANTS: The program targets community-dwelling or institutionalized older persons with late-onset mental health problems and/or behavioral disturbances, persons with long-standing psychiatric disorders with age-related changes, and their caregivers. INTERVENTION: The program is a geriatric mental health outreach and consultation service that emphasizes community development and caregiver education. Program components include an interprofessional consultation team, a specialized information and resource service, educational service initiatives, and an ongoing role in planning and coordination activity in the local health care system. MEASUREMENTS: Program monitoring, including a patient database and a description of program activities. RESULTS: Cognitive impairment, behavioral disturbance, physical/medical problems and depression are the most common reasons for referral to the outreach program. Referred patients (mean age 78; 65% female) have usually (almost 90% of cases) been managed at a similar or lower level of care. Program activities have included focused educational initiatives in community and institutional settings and have emphasized the involvement and development of community caregivers and other local resources. CONCLUSION: The program is a multifaceted effort to make efficient use of scarce specialized resources in a manner that is sensitive and responsive to local circumstances and needs. Experience to date has shown evidence of the feasibility and potential benefits of a comprehensive approach to community development and outreach in geriatric mental health.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Facilitating scholarly writing in academic medicine.

Scholarly writing is a critical skill for faculty in academic medicine; however, few faculty receive instruction in the process. We describe the experience of 18 assistant professors who participated in a writing and faculty development program which consisted of 7 monthly 75-minute sessions embedded in a Collaborative Mentoring Program (CMP). Participants identified barriers to writing, developed personal writing strategies, had time to write, and completed monthly writing contracts. Participants provided written responses to open-ended questions about the learning experience, and at the end of the program, participants identified manuscripts submitted for publication, and completed an audiotaped interview. Analysis of qualitative data using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification showed that this writing program facilitated the knowledge, skills, and support needed to foster writing productivity. All participants completed at least 1 scholarly manuscript by the end of the CMP. The impact on participants' future academic productivity requires long-term follow-up.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗