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Results for “Program Appropriateness”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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PubMed2001

[Self-control, stimulus control, relapse prevention. Behavior therapy helps in weight reduction].

Behavioral therapy is an essential part of the overall strategy for treating obesity. Successes are most evident in short-term treatment, whereas the value of the long-term approach is more difficult to assess due to a lack of adequate data. The aims of behavior-modifying measures are improving eating habits and nutritional awareness, increasing physical activity, and improving strategies for coping with psychological and social consequences. At the focus of behavioral therapeutic techniques aimed at combatting obesity is self-observation supported by stimulus-control techniques, reinforcement techniques, and help with cognitive restructuring. Furthermore, patients learn how to avoid relapse. Success over the long-term can be improved by active follow-up measures and depends, among other things, on adequate quality control. The appropriate approaches to therapeutic programs must be made transparent both to the patient involved and concerned professionals.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2001

Nutrition education and promotion in primary schools.

Health promotion with school-age children can enhance knowledge about nutrition and change eating habits when health workers, schools, and communities work together for a common goal. A range of options need to be considered when designing an effective and appropriate school-based program.

Australia↗
PubMed2001

[Models of health behavior].

One of the challenges for health professionals is to understand how individuals adopt and maintain healthy behaviours that lead to a better quality of life. This review of health behaviour models will help nurses determine appropriate interventions, and enhance programs that promote health and prevent sickness in individuals or groups of individuals. In order to establish priorities and to prevent omitting important points in planning such health programs, many theoretical and conceptual models have attempted to explain health behaviours as well as the indicators of compliance. The purpose of this article is to summarise the most utilised health behaviour models, to offer a schematic representation, and to explain the advantages and disadvantages of each model. Until now, no article had reviewed these models into the same work. This article will be of assistance to nurse researchers and clinicians working in health prevention, who are interested in choosing a health behaviour model to plan a scientific research, or to develop a clinical program. The models are presented according to the following classifications: cognitive value expectation; theories of personality; communication theories; models of program planning; and models of integration.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1988

Skin diseases.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biology↗
PubMed2001

A Large-scale Follow-up Study of Smokers Visiting Medical Facilities in Japan.

In order to determine smoking cessation rates among those who visit medical facilities in Japan, a large-scale follow-up study was conducted. Subjects were self-reported smokers who visited a cancer hospital, a general hospital, or one of four health checkup facilities in 1997-98. Their smoking habits were followed by two postal surveys. The first was two months after the visit to hospital or attendance at a health checkup screening, and the second was after one year. In total, 3,552 smokers participated in the present study; 1,131 first visit outpatients at a cancer hospital, 214 first visit outpatients at a general hospital, and 2,207 examinees at four health checkup facilities. The response rate for the first follow-up varied from 57.3% to 80.2% of the eligible participants in the six facilities, and that for the second from 50.0 to 67.1%. When non-respondents were classified as non-quitters, the cessation rate two months after their participation was 11.7% (95% confidence interval, 7.4-16.0%) for the general hospital and 2.7% (2.1-3.5%) for the four health checkup facilities, and those after one year were 9.8% (6.2-14.6%) and 6.0% (5.1-7.1%), respectively. In the cancer hospital, the rate for self-reported cancer patients was 74.6% (68.5-80.0%) after two months and 51.3% (44.7-57.9%) one year later. The smoking cessation rate was thus smaller in the health checkup examinees than in the patients. Outpatients seemed to be more amenable to smoking cessation, and therefore may constitute a more appropriate target for cessation programs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

[Socioeconomic factors for tuberculosis in Tokyo, Japan--unemployment, overcrowding, poverty, and migrants].

We investigated selected socioeconomic variables for incidence of tuberculosis and its rate of changes that might be relevant for the design of appropriate prevention and control programs. Retrospective ecological analysis was done to examine the association between eight socioeconomic measures from the 1992 census and both the average rate and the rate of change of standardized annual notification rates for tuberculosis from 1988 to 1997 for each of the 23 wards in Tokyo. Multivariate analysis identified the proportion of households with livelihood aid (p < 0.001), number of public bath per 100,000 person (p < 0.001), population density (p = 0.012), and proportion of households below standard house space (p = 0.024) as variables positively associated with average tuberculosis notification rates. The rate of change was negatively correlated with three variables: proportion of owner occupied households (p = 0.001), number of tatami (living space) per capita (p = 0.021), proportion of households with livelihood aid (p = 0.038). The results showed there were certain clear socioeconomic risk factors in tuberculosis transmission, and that it might be possible to investigate the relation between the rate of change and each socioeconomic risk factor effectively with this method.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Hospitalized patients' preference in the treatment of insomnia: pharmacological versus non-pharmacological.

BACKGROUND: Insomnia is common in hospitalized patients, who become significantly vulnerable to the adverse effects of the benzodiazepines (BZDs) used to treat this condition. Consequently, there has been a logical search for non-drug alternatives (NDAs) for the treatment of insomnia. METHOD: Inpatient insomnia cases were surveyed over the Summer of 1999. Our hypotheses were that an attitudinal difference exists between acute and chronic users of BZDs towards NDAs; and that inpatients who were prescribed BZDs have also received proper information about alternative therapies. RESULTS: One hundred insomnia cases met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-one per cent were younger than age 65. Short acting BZDs were used in 88% of the cases. Fourty per cent of patients had started experiencing insomnia while in the hospital. Only 11% of patients received information about NDA therapy for insomnia. Eighty-two patients felt that NDAs were healthier, and the majority (n=67) responded that if an NDA were offered in the hospital, they would be willing to accept it. Female participants were more willing to consider NDAs (P<0.01). First time users of BZDs were by far more receptive to NDA remedies than were chronic users of BZDs (P<0.002). A significant number of participants who were receiving short-acting BZDs were willing to try an NDA (P<0.001). Participants interested in NDA therapies expressed preferences for for massage therapy, sleep hygiene, music and relaxation techniques (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Significant attitudinal differences are seen in several domains of patient characteristics. First time female users of BZDs and those taking short acting BZD were more willing to try an NDA. Educational programs are needed for appropriate evidence-based management protocols for insomnia.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Tying it all together? A competency-based linkage model for family medicine.

Residency faculty in all specialties will be required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to fully implement competencies into residency programs by 2006. Understanding the new requirements is complicated by having several sets of guiding documents from different sources, including the general competencies of the ACGME, the Residency Review Committee for Family Practice requirements, the competencies developed by the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, and the Recommended Curriculum Guidelines for Family Practice Residents by the American Academy of Family Physicians. A competency linkage model brings together the various guidelines and shows specifically how they are related. This model helps family practice residency faculty better understand the guiding expectations for their programs and develop more appropriate learning objectives and assessment methods.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of cigarette use among 14 racial/ethnic populations--United States, 1999-2001.

The 1998 Surgeon General's report, Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups, addressed diverse tobacco-control needs of the four primary U.S. racial/ethnic minority populations: non-Hispanic blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. However, data on these populations do not describe differences in tobacco-use prevalence among subsets of these populations. To assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking among persons aged > or =12 years among 14 racial/ethnic populations in the United States, CDC analyzed self-reported data collected during 1999-2001 from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (formerly the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults aged > or =18 years ranged from 40.4% for AI/ANs to 12.3% for the Chinese population, and the prevalence among youths aged 12-17 years ranged from 27.9% for AI/ANs to 5.2% for the Japanese population. Implementing tobacco-control programs that include culturally appropriate interventions can help reduce tobacco use among racial/ethnic populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Impact of a filariasis control program on intestinal helminthic infections; a pilot study in Narathiwat Province, Thailand.

This study was conducted in 9 villages located in endemic areas for brugian filariasis in Narathiwat Province, Thailand. Parasitological and anthropometric examinations were cross-sectionally performed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of 539 villagers. Paired stool samples were collected before and after mass treatment for the filariasis control program in 150 participants in order to study the impact of the filariasis control program on intestinal helminthiasis. The results found that 50.3% of the villagers were infected with one or more types of intestinal parasites. Double and triple infections were found in 10.9% and 1.6% of infected individuals respectively. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections peaked in the 1-10 year old age-group, which are pre-school and young school-age children. A significant reduction of intestinal helminthic infections in the post-treatment stool sample was observed in the 150 participants who were examined six months after mass treatment. Integrating an intestinal helminthic control program alongside the existing filariasis control program would be an appropriate and cost-effective strategy in the control of intestinal helminths. However, reinfection of parasites was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Community Nutrition].

In the last 20 years, Public Health Nutrition focused mainly on the qualitative aspects which may influence the onset of chronic diseases, quality of life, physical and mental performance and life expectancy. This applied knowledge organised as part of preventive and health promotion programs led to the development of Community Nutrition. The aim of Community Nutrition actions is to adequate lifestyles related to food consumption patterns in order to improve the quality of life and contribute to health promotion of the population in the community where programs and services are delivered. Key functions to develop in a Community Nutrition Unit consist in the identification and assessment of nutrition problems in the community as well as the design, implementation and evaluation of intervention programs by means of appropriate strategies. These should aim at different populations groups and settings, such as work places, schools, high risk groups or the general public. Nowadays, Community Nutrition work efforts should focus on three main aspects: nutrition education in schools and in the community; food safety and food security and the development and reinforcement of food preparation skills across all age groups. Social catering services, either in schools, the work place or at the community level, need to ensure adequate nutritional supply, provide foods contributing to healthy eating practices as well as to enhance culinary traditions and social learning. Food safety and food security have become a top priority in Public Health. The concepts referes to the availability of food safe and adequate as well as in sufficient amount in order to satisfy nutrition requirements of all individuals in the community. Social changes along new scientific developments will introduce new demands in Community Nutrition work and individual dietary counselling will become a key strategy. In order to face new challenges, community nutrition pactitioners require a high quality profesional training.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2004

Review: IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions. Part I. Laboratory diagnosis, incidence, and supply of IgA-deficient products.

Despite yielding a definitive diagnosis in fewer than 20 percent of anaphylactic transfusion reactions, investigation for IgA deficiency and the presence of presumably pathogenic IgG anti-IgA is useful in patient management. Individuals with demonstrated anti-IgA are thereafter committed to receiving IgA-depleted cellular products or IgA-deficient plasma and derivatives to prevent recurrent severe reactions. Unfortunately, in populations of IgA-deficient individuals screened for anti-IgA, the predictive value of the test in the absence of a prior reaction is quite low. Anti-IgA testing is complex and limited to a few reference laboratories, many of which still employ a labor-intensive hemagglutination assay developed in the late 1960s. Timely decisions regarding further transfusion management of patients experiencing anaphylaxis often rely upon more rapidly obtained assays of the IgA concentration as an indicator of the likelihood of subsequent demonstration of anti-IgA. The scarcity of IgA-deficient banked plasma products and dedicated plateletpheresis donors has led to the development of American Rare Donor Program policies designed to appropriately allocate these precious resources. The test methods used to establish the diagnosis of IgA deficiency and identify the approximately one third of these individuals with anti-IgA are discussed, along with the incidence of abnormal tests in various populations. Also presented are testing recommendations for the identification of an IgA-mediated mechanism for transfusion-associated anaphylaxis and qualification of patients to receive rare IgA-deficient plasma-containing products.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2005

Are the breast cancer screening recommendations clear or confusing?

The American public is convinced that cancer screening tests are valuable. Breast cancer screening recommendations have recently received a great deal of attention. Careful review of the available data reveals that combined annual mammography and clinical breast examination is the appropriate breast cancer screening program for most women over the age of 40. However, a small group of women with a genetic susceptibility for breast cancer may benefit from additional imaging. In this article, the criteria for a good screening program are identified.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Cost accounting for end-of-life care: recommendations to the field by the Cost Accounting Workgroup.

Accurate measurement of economic costs is prerequisite to progress in improving the care delivered to Americans during the last stage of life. The Robert Wood Johnson Excellence in End-of-Life Care national program assembled a Cost Accounting Workgroup to identify accurate and meaningful methods to measure palliative and end-of-life health care use and costs. Eight key issues were identified: (1) planning the cost analysis; (2) identifying the perspective for cost analysis; (3) describing the end-of-life care program; (4) identifying the appropriate comparison group; (5) defining the period of care to be studied; (6) identifying the units of health care services; (7) assigning monetary values to health care service units; and (8) calculating costs. Economic principles of cost measurement and cost measurement issues encountered by practitioners were reviewed and incorporated into a set of recommendations.

Accounting↗
PubMed1992

Occupational needlestick injuries: educational program and mechanical opening needle disposal boxes.

1. Needle recapping injuries, which individual employees have considerable ability to prevent, declined significantly following inservice education. 2. The problem of needles protruding into the opening of mechanical lids in needle disposal boxes persisted even after the inservice sessions. When clearlid, nonmechanical opening boxes were used, disposal injuries related to protruding needles declined significantly. 3. An educational program coupled with the appropriate placement of disposal boxes had a beneficial impact on some categories of needlestick injuries, although the total number of needlestick injuries did not decline.

Humans↗