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At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Programmed screening of the adult population in cancer detection].

Methods of examination aimed at early detection of neoplasms of main localizations (pulmonary, gastric and breast cancer, tumors of the colon, rectum and thyroid gland) are suggested. In 1982, the following percentage of malignancies was detected as a result of follow-up: stomach--66.0, colon--55.5, rectum--83.3, lung--62.8, breast--67.1, and thyroid gland--63.6%.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Selective performance of the T3 uptake; a practical approach to thyroid function studies. Concise communication.

Of 5008 patients with normal serum thyroxine concentrations (T4 = 4.8-12.2 micrograms/dl) assayed by our laboratory during an 11-mo period, only 41 (0.82%) had an abnormal free thyroxine index (FTI). Narrowing the T4 normal range by 0.5 microgram/dl at both ends to create a discriminatory range of 5.3-11.7 microgram/dl reduced this number to 13 (0.26%). Evaluation of the medical records for 11 of these 13 patients revealed his histories of estrogen and thyroid-hormone administration, individually or in combination, which may have contributed to their divergence form the population. A program for these selective performance of serum Tc uptake (T3U and FTI determinations only on those sera wtih T4 concentrations outside of a discriminatory range is described and evaluated. This initial discrimination is the first step in practical system for selective performance of additional in vitro thyroid function assays to derive maximum diagnostic information from a single patient sample. In our institution of program described is easily adapted to computerization and has resulted in a substantial reduction of reagent costs while providing more efficient utilization of laboratory personnel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Care groups and primary health care in rural areas.

Trachoma is the primary cause of preventable blindness in Gazankulu, N.W. Transvaal. Its prevalence has not changed for many years. To identify, treat and prevent trachoma, communities were asked and aided to set up care groups (volunteer health workers) to deal with the disease at the household level. The groups have extended their activities to other areas of primary health care.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1982

A screening test for assessing iron status.

Intervention strategies to combat iron deficiency anemia in developing countries may hasten the development of iron overload in patients with an inherited defect in hemoglobin synthesis. This risk could be diminished if there was a rapid and simple method available for detecting iron overload in population screening programs. We have developed such a method, which is in effect a semiquantitative ferritin measurement based on a modification of a two-site enzyme-linked immunoassay. The assay requires only 2 drops of whole blood and a total incubation time of 90 min. The procedure, which can readily distinguish iron deficiency from even a modest increase in storage iron, has a potentially wide application in settings where a prompt assessment of iron status is required.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1982

Relationship between patterns of bleeding and Hemoccult sensitivity in patients with colorectal cancers or adenomas.

Although Hemoccult (Smith Kline Diagnostics, Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif.) screening for colorectal cancer is based on detection of the peroxidase activity of blood, little is known about the relationship between patterns of bleeding from cancers or adenomas and sensitivity of the test slides. 51Cr-labeled blood loss was measured for a mean of 9.1 days in 46 patients with colorectal cancer and 28 with adenomas. Duplicate sets of Hemoccult II slides were prepared by the patients and mailed for testing with and without preliminary rehydration. Mean blood loss was significantly related to the site of the cancers, but was unrelated to Dukes' staging. Geometric mean levels of blood loss from the cancers were 9.3 ml/day for cecum and ascending colon, 1.5 ml/day for transverse and descending colon, 1.9 ml/day for sigmoid colon, and 1.8 ml/day for rectum. Rehydration increased Hemoccult sensitivity for blood independently of storage delay, almost doubling sensitivity at the levels of bleeding commonly encountered with cancers of the left side of the colon. Relating results to testing over 3 days, the Hemoccult false-negative rate for cancer was 31% without rehydration, falling to 9% with rehydration. With adenomas, blood loss and Hemoccult positivity were closely related to lesion size. The findings support the validity of 3-day occult blood testing as a method of screening for colorectal cancers and large adenomas, provided the test employed has a high sensitivity for blood. Further information is needed about the specificity of rehydrated Hemoccult slides in subjects following diets of differing peroxidase content. The degree to which rehydration of slides lowers the false-negative rate for cancer indicates that this modification of slide development should be evaluated in large population screening programs.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Cytologic and histologic findings in women using an IUD.

The present study was undertaken to determine the source of atypical squamous metaplastic cells that are found in large numbers in smears from women with an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). The cytologic data are obtained from a population screening program totaling 61,151 women, of which 1401 were using an IUD. Histologic data comprise findings from curettings on removal of an IUD and scrapes from the removed IUD in 102 women. These implicate the endometrial surface epithelium as the main source of the atypical cells in cervical smears from IUD users. As this epithelial atypia frequently disappears upon removal of the IUD, conservative follow-up of women with cytologic metaplastic atypia in cervical smears during IUD use is strongly recommended.

Adult↗