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PubMed2005

[The scientific information that the pharmaceutical industry provides to family doctors].

OBJECTIVE: To check whether the information in the written publicity that the pharmaceutical industry gives to family doctors really is based on the scientific studies that support it. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Health centre on the outskirts of a big city. PARTICIPANTS: Over a year, all the scientific studies that laboratory reps gave family doctors along with the advertising for medicines were collected. A total of 63 paired studies and advertising pieces were obtained. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: 1-3 advertising messages with each supporting study were selected and reviewed in a structured fashion. Then whether or not the messages selected were based on the study was appraised. RESULTS: 44.5% of the advertising messages were not based on the accompanying study; 29.9% clearly were based on the study; and in the rest there was a half-and-half relationship. There was a significant relationship between the evaluation of the advertising messages and the kind of study, masking and the kind of result variable. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of advertising messages are not based on the study that is reputed to support them. A critique of these studies has to be undertaken before the advertising messages can be looked at.

Advertising↗
PubMed2005

[Prescription medicines information: Spanish general population survey].

OBJECTIVE: To assess Spanish general population opinion on prescription medicine information which they currently access or would like to. Design. Cross-sectional descriptive study through telephone interviews. Setting. Spanish general population. February-March 2003. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1069 subjects from 16 to 90 years old were interviewed. Main measures. Questionnaire developed after reviewing legislation and literature, and validated by an expert panel in medical information. RESULTS: A total of 87.7% of subjects usually obtain medicines upon medical prescription. The most important prescription medicine information sources are drug information leaflet (75.9%; 95% CI, 73.3-78.5), physicians (54.9%; 95% CI, 51.8-58.0), pharmacists (17.4%; 95% CI, 15.1-19.7 and nurses (6.7%; 95% CI, 5.2-8.2). Less than 3% of subjects obtain prescription medicine information through Internet. A total of 52.9% (95% CI, 49.9-55.8) of subjects feel they are inadequately informed about prescription medicine and would like to have more access to it through sources different than health care staff. A total of 45.6% (95% CI, 42.6-48.6) of subjects would find convenient to receive information from pharmaceutical companies. This information should be qualified and supervised by health authorities. Brief written materials provided by physicians or pharmacists, would be the most appropriate way for patients to obtain prescription medicine information from pharmaceutical companies. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish general population feel they have poor information on prescription medicine and would like to get access to qualified information from different sources, including the one provided by the pharmaceutical industry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Anticoagulant patient information material is written at high readability levels.

BACKGROUND: Warfarin therapy requires frequent monitoring and dose adjustment. Elderly patients with atrial fibrillation, prior stroke, and lower literacy skills may have difficulty reading brochures that explain dosing instructions, procedures to follow, and the risks and benefits of anticoagulants. In general, it is recommended that brochures be written at or below the 6th-grade level. We determined the readability of patient information material being offered to patients receiving anticoagulants. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used the SMOG grade formula to measure readability of written patient materials. We obtained 50 brochures commonly used in anticoagulation management units from industry and health advocacy groups. Patient information was related to atrial fibrillation (16%, n=8), warfarin (44%, n=22), low-molecular-weight heparins (12%, n=6), or other related topics (28%, n=14). The mean readability was found to be grade 10.7 (95% CI 10.1 to 11.2); none had a readability score at the 6th-grade level or below, 12% of the brochures had readability scores at the 7th- to 8th-grade levels (n=6), 74% at the 9th- to 12th-grade levels (n=37), and 14% at higher than 12th-grade level (n=7). The readability grade level was similar for brochures produced by industry or health advocacy groups (P:=0.9) but higher for information obtained from the Internet (12.2+/-1.3 grades) compared with other sources (10.3+/-2.1 grades; P:=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Patient education materials related to the use of anticoagulants are written at grade levels beyond the comprehension of most patients. Low-literacy brochures are needed for patients on anticoagulants.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2002

Impact of a family information leaflet on effectiveness of information provided to family members of intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Comprehension and satisfaction are relevant criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of information provided to family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We performed a prospective randomized trial in 34 French ICUs to compare comprehension of diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and satisfaction with information provided by ICU caregivers, in ICU patient family representatives who did (n = 87) or did not (n = 88) receive a family information leaflet (FIL) in addition to standard information. An FIL designed specifically for this study was delivered at the first visit of the family representative: it provided general information on the ICU and hospital, the name of the ICU physician caring for the patient, a diagram of a typical ICU room with the names of all the devices, and a glossary of 12 terms commonly used in ICUs. Characteristics of the ICUs, patients, and family representatives were similar in the two groups. The FIL reduced the proportion of family members with poor comprehension from 40.9% to 11.5% (p < 0.0001). In the representatives with good comprehension, the FIL was associated with significantly better satisfaction (21 [18 to 24, quartiles] versus 27 [24 to 29, quartiles], p = 0.01). These results indicate that ICU caregivers should consider using an FIL to improve the effectiveness of the information they impart to families.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of cigarette dependency. What American pulmonary physicians do.

Physician advice and counseling can significantly help patients stop smoking. Consequently, we surveyed 588 of 2,207 actively practicing American pulmonary clinicians attending the 1983 Annual Meeting of the American Thoracic Society to determine what they did to help their patients stop smoking. Ninety-nine and one tenth percent of those pulmonary internists who had never smoked recorded the smoking habits of their patients and 100% advised smokers to stop. In contrast, pulmonary internists who themselves smoked cigarettes were significantly less inclined to do these two things; 84.6% and 92.3%, respectively (p less than 0.01). There was also a trend for more never smoking internists to provide additional services to patients wishing to stop smoking. Of the pulmonary internists, 86.8% wanted to learn new techniques to help their patients stop smoking. Essentially, 75% of the small sample of pediatric pulmonary specialists surveyed felt that determining whether their patients smoked or not and providing services to help them stop smoking was "not applicable" to their practice.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1975

Implicit messages concerning menstruation in commercial educational materials prepared for young adolescent girls.

Interviews with young girls aged 9 to 18 revealed that commercial educational materials are an important source of information about menstruation. Although these materials are valuable educational supplements, they do not provide a complete, accurate, and realistic description of menarcheal changes and emphasize good hygiene rather than dealing with the young girl's emotional needs and anxieties. The authors stress the need for more research into the physiological, cognitive, and psychological changes during puberty and the obligation of parents, schools, and other social institutions to provide more comprehensive information to the maturing girl about the essential issues of pubertal development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Do patients read breast self-examination booklets?

If a campaign to encourage women to examine their breasts for lumps is to succeed, it is necessary for women to read the literature produced. An attempt was made to estimate whether such literature was read, and in a group of women 90.6 per cent read the booklet, and 15.9 per cent altered their behaviour. There were several other non-numerical indicators which strongly suggested that women read the literature. A large-scale study is now under way.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Comparative assessment of two booklets about rheumatoid arthritis, intended for use by patients.

Increases in patient knowledge after reading booklets about rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated the effectiveness of written material as a teaching aid. Two groups of patients (35 and 37 in number) in a specialist hospital acted as their own controls. Group A, after reading a booklet produced by the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council, increased their scores by a mean of 21 per cent. Group B, after reading a booklet produced by the Leeds Health Education Service, and containing substantially more information, achieved a 45 per cent average increase, indicating that this is the more effective of the two. Overall low scores before reading indicate a need for more patient education.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

An evaluation of two antenatal information booklets.

The readability of two antenatal education books which are widely distributed to expectant mothers was assessed. There were some significant differences, and it was anticipated that this would be reflected in the levels of information imparted to the mothers, particularly when they were analysed by social class. In practice the differences were small, and the only one of significance was that the book which was believed to be more readable and more attractive in format resulted in higher knowledge scores in social classes I and II, but not in social classes III to V. Possible explanations for this are discussed. Clear benefit in terms of knowledge was demonstrated when mothers received a book in advance of their attendance at the antenatal booking clinic. They arrived better prepared and better informed, with knowledge to help the healthy development of the foetus at an early stage in pregnancy. The additional postage costs in sending out booklets is considered justifiable.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

The use of leaflets in a comprehensive food policy.

Three-quarters of health authorities are currently developing or implementing district food and health policies. It is widely assumed that, for the policies to be successful, it is necessary to provide clear advice, usually in leaflet form, to the public about food and health and healthy eating. This paper reports on a survey and observations carried out during the piloting of such a leaflet for hospital patients in the Royal Free Hospital. Hampstead. The leaflet was intended to be part of the general development of a policy on food and health. The results of the study highlight the importance of considering the wider context surrounding the implementation of such policies.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1996

Public perceptions of brain tumours in Scotland: the need for access to appropriate information.

The aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge and perceptions of brain tumours in a heterogeneous, highly educated group of adults living in Edinburgh. Two hundred and forty four respondents answered a questionnaire about the causes, effects and treatments of brain tumours. There were misconceptions about several clinical and biological aspects of intracranial tumours although most respondents were aware of the bleak prognosis associated with many neoplasms. These results, from the intellectual elite of Scotland's capital, suggest that access to information about brain tumours should be readily available. Five leaflets, covering various aspects of brain tumours, that are available through the recently established Scottish charity Brain Tumour Action seem well formulated to address areas of concern and misconception.

Adult↗