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At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) inhibits thrombin-induced coagulation of plasma.

Concentrations of immunoreactive PAPP-A have been found significantly lower in the serum as compared to heparin or EDTA plasma from the same patients. After coagulation significant amounts of PAPP-A remain associated with the clot. Purified PAPP-A inhibits thrombin induced coagulation of plasma. This inhibition cannot be attributed to a direct effect of PAPP-A on thrombin. It is exerted via an activation of endogenous antithrombin III since the inhibitory effect of PAPP-A on thrombin induced coagulation in a euglobulin system can be observed only if antithrombin III is added. The fact that protamine sulphate is capable of neutralizing the inhibitory effects of PAPP-A made us postulate that PAPP-A, like heparin, possesses strongly acidic residues which bind to protamine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma volume nomograms for use in therapeutic plasma exchange.

Nomograms have been developed for the convenient estimation of the plasma volumes of patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), based on equations employing height, body weight, and hematocrit. These nomograms are offered as an aid to prescribing continuous-flow TPE procedure exchange volumes.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[Differential therapy of thrombotic-thrombopenic purpura. Administration of fresh plasma versus plasma separation].

In a 29-year-old man with primary thrombotic-thrombocytopenic purpura a significantly increased plasma concentration of platelet-specific proteins was demonstrated as an expression of increased intravascular platelet activation and destruction during the acute phase of the disease. There was also abnormally elevated IgG loading of platelets. During administration of fresh plasma alone (total of six litres over one week) the clinical state deteriorated further into coma and failure of spontaneous ventilation. The marked thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia remained unchanged. Only after repeated plasmapheresis was it possible to break through the acute disease process. Remission (restoration of vital functions, normalization of platelet count and haemolysis signs) was achieved after five courses of plasmapheresis with a total exchange volume of 20 litres. At least in this case, the therapeutic success of plasmapheresis argues for an immunological-toxic genesis of thrombotic-thrombocytopenic purpura.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1974

Effect of allopurinol on the preservation of ischemic kidneys perfused with plasma or plasma substitutes.

Canine kidneys were autotransplanted into nephrectomized dogs after exposure to room temperature for 40-90 minutes and preservation for 24 hours by hypothermic bloodless pulsatile perfusiin. Three perfusates were used; cryoprecipitated pooled dogs' plasma, human albumin, and human plasmanate. Perfusion after periods of warm ischemia resulted in irreversible renal damage, unless allopurinol was added to the perfusate and fed to the dogs. Thus, metabolic manipulation is capable of protecting tissues in the face of severe ischemic insult, even when using plasma substitutes for perfusion.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1982

Successful treatment of hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with fresh frozen plasma and plasma exchange.

Four patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and seven with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) were treated with infusions of fresh frozen plasma (FFP). In one patient with HUS and five patients with TTP this treatment was combined with plasma exchange (PE). The additional treatment varied; corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs, heparin and blood exchange. All but one patient recovered completely in spite of severe illness with uremia, oliguria and/or cerebral symptoms during the acute phase. The results were surprisingly good in comparison with other published series. The success must in the first place be attributed to early diagnosis and to the infusions of FFP. PE seemed to potentiate the effect of FFP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Plasma exchange therapy in pediatric patients. Plasma filtration with a unipuncture technique.

Therapeutic apheresis in children is limited by technical considerations, such as circuit blood volume, venous access and hemodynamic instability. Here we report our experience with 310 plasma-filtration sessions in 44 children (aged 9 months-17 years). We used a miniaturized circuit with a unipuncture technique and a "balancing system" which assured a permanent fluid equilibrium. This procedure is well adapted to children and always made pediatric plasma exchange therapy easier and safer. The more common indications remain Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute severe glomerular diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effect of iso-oncotic plasma substitutes: gelatine, dextran 40 (50 g/l) and the effect of Ringer's lactate on the plasma volume in healthy subjects.

82 healthy subjects undergoing Extra-corporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) under epidural anesthesia were given 1000 ml of either gelatine (Geloplasme), dextran 40, 50 g/l (Isodex) or Ringer's lactate. The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of the three described solutions in respect to blood volume changes. A clear differentiation is only possible under absolutely defined physiological conditions and therefore in contrast to other studies, none of these patients was suffering from any shock syndrome or had any blood loss, so no capillary leakage or transcapillary refill problem was present. Plasma volume (PV), colloid oncotic pressure (COP) and hematocrit (Hct) were measured before and 15, 120 and 240 min. after infusion. PV increased both in the gelatine and dextran groups with a higher initial increase in the dextran group. COP increased after 15 min. and Hct decreased after 15 min. in the gelatine and dextran groups. With regard to absolute contraindications this study suggests that dextran 40 can be recommended as plasma substitute due to its higher initial increase in PV, its moderate duration of effect and its low incidence of anaphylactic reaction after a preceding infusion of 20 ml dextran Mw 1000 (Promiten).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Single donor plasma in therapeutic plasma exchange for myasthenia gravis.

Thirty-seven myasthenic patients were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on different performance schedules using either random or single donor plasma. The two schedules had the same effects in terms of efficacy but single donor replacement gave significantly less side effects in the short and long term. A two exchange procedure on alternate days associated with immunosuppression seems to be an optimal schedule for the treatment of myasthenic patients. A single donor two-exchange on alternate days procedure appears to be safe, useful and can be repeated in patients who need frequent TPE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Normalization of plasma factor X levels in amyloidosis after plasma exchange.

Some patients with systemic light chain amyloidosis develop bleeding complications that can be caused by vascular infiltration with amyloid or by alterations of the coagulation or fibrinolytic systems. Factor X deficiency is the most common cause of bleeding manifestations, although deficiencies of other clotting factors, a disruption in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, and circulating heparin-like anticoagulants have also been reported. Deficiency of factor X is a well-recognized cause of bleeding manifestations in patients with light chain amyloidosis. This acquired disorder appears to be secondary to adsorption of factor X to the amyloid fibrils. Previous studies have shown that infusion of plasma into patients with acquired factor X deficiency and amyloidosis induces a transitory improvement of the coagulation tests. However, there is a rapid return to pretransfusion levels. In this manuscript we report the clinical application of plasma exchange in the management of a patient with systemic light chain amyloidosis with acquired factor X deficiency.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1978

Adsorption of plasma proteins on hydrophobic surfaces. III. Serum, plasma, and blood.

Liquid-air and liquid-liquid interfaces were used as models for the liquid-solid system of plasma proteins and hydrophobic surfaces in the study of adsorption of serum, plasma, and blood onto these surfaces. The interfacial tension is determined for three phases: air, methylene iodide, and isooctane. Curves of interfacial tension versus time for the various systems are given from which a triple-intersection point, where the protein solution is in equilibrium with each surface, is found. It is shown that albumin, gamma-globulin, and a mixed solution of these at in vivo concentrations behave in characteristic and constant manners at the three interfaces of air, methylene iodide, and isooctane. A range of synthetic surfaces which have constant behavior at equilibrium is deduced and it is concluded that any soft tissue response differences between such surfaces could not be the result of albumin or gamma-globulin.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1987

Plasma exchange and plasma modification for the removal of anti-red cell antibodies prior to ABO-incompatible marrow transplant.

Plasma exchange (PE) is performed only rarely to remove a specific, well defined antibody. ABO incompatibility in marrow transplantation has allowed us a unique opportunity to compare the effectiveness of three apheresis procedures for removing anti-red cell antibodies. We performed 140 marrow transplants in which a major ABO incompatibility between donor and recipient existed. To avoid a hemolytic transfusion reaction at the time of marrow infusion PE, plasma immunoadsorption (PIA) or whole-blood immunoadsorption (WBIA) was performed a total of 243 times. PE removed a mean of 87% of intravascular IgM and 86% of intravascular IgG directed against red cell antigens. PIA removed 75% and 73% of IgM and IgG, respectively (P less than .001 when compared to PE). Results for WBIA were 66% and 65%, respectively. Thus, PIA and WBIA were less efficient at removing antibody than PE. Furthermore, there were a few specific instances in which PIA or WBIA removed little or no antibody owing to differences in antibody specificity. PIA and WBIA resulted in less platelet consumption than PE. Although somewhat less effective that PE, PIA and WBIA have other advantages that can make them more desirable.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

[Plasma renin activity, plasma volume extracellular fluid volume and cardiac output in essential hypertension (author's transl)].

The plasma renin activity (PRA), the plasma volume (PV), the extracellular fluid volume (ECV), the cardiac output and the peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) were determined in 51 patients (14 women, 37 men) with essential hypertension of varying severity. The following findings were achieved: 1. In 9 of the 51 patients with essential hypertension (approximately 18%) a low and non-sensitive PRA was detected. 2. PV, ECV, cardiac output and the calculated peripheral vascular resistance of the essential hypertensive patients with low and non-sensitive PRA did not differ significantly from those of the essential hypertensive patients with normal or elevated PRA. 3. The hypertensive patients with low and nonsensitive PRA had the highest average arterial pressure. From these findings it can be concluded that the essential hypertensive patients with low PRA are not an homogeneous group. It is assumed that in a subgroup the elevated blood pressure may be the cause of the renin suppression.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Long-term exposure to intermittent hypoxia results in increased hemoglobin mass, reduced plasma volume, and elevated erythropoietin plasma levels in man.

While it is well established that highlanders have optimized their oxygen transport system, little is known about the acclimatization of those who move between different altitudes. The purpose of this study was to establish whether the acclimatization to long-term intermittent hypoxic exposure in members of the Chilean Army who frequently move from sea level to 3,550 m altitude is correlated with acute acclimatization or chronic adaptation to hypoxia. A group of officers was exposed intermittently to hypoxia for about 22 years (OI, officers at intermittent hypoxia) and a group of soldiers for 6 months (SI, soldiers at intermittent hypoxia). Both groups were compared to residents at altitude (RA) and to soldiers at sea level (SL). When compared to SL, we observed an 11% increase in total hemoglobin mass (tHb) as well as a corresponding increase in red cell volume (RCV), hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in all three groups at altitude. Plasma volume (PV) and blood volume (BV) decreased at altitude but increased when OI and SI returned to sea level. Moreover, intermittent hypoxic exposure of OI and SI resulted in increased plasma erythropoietin (Epo) levels, which peaked on day 2 at high altitude followed by decreasing levels during the successive days, and reaching pre-altitude values in SI even when staying at altitude. In conclusion, with regard to tHb and RCV, the acclimatization to long-term intermittent hypoxia resembles the adaptation to chronic hypoxia, while PV and BV regulation mimicked acclimatization to acute hypoxia. Remarkably, finely controlled regulation of Epo expression still occurs after up to 22 years of weekly exposure to altitude.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Human blood group A and H glycolipids in porcine plasma. Evidence for acquisition of the erythrocyte antigens from plasma.

Human blood group A- and H-antigenic glycosphingolipids were isolated from pooled porcine plasma. The structures of the A-active hexa- and H-active pentaglycosylceramides of lactoseries (type 1 sugar chain) were the same as those in porcine erythrocytes. These results endorse biochemically the previous observations that the A and H antigens on porcine erythrocytes are taken up from plasma.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Assay for Hageman factor (factor XII) in human plasma by means of chromogenic substrate for plasma kallikrein.

Determination of factor XII was performed in a test system where plasma samples were diluted (1/400-1/3200) in buffer and factor XII deficient plasma. Diluted CephotestR was used as activator and after 10 min activation time chromogenic substrate H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA was added. The assay was adopted to an enzyme analyzer. The reproducibility of the method was acceptable with a coefficient of variation of 7.8% in the normal range. The correlation of this method to a one-stage clotting assay for factor XII was good, r 0.79. The preliminary reference interval was calculated to be 52-147% of normal (mean+ 2 S.D.).

Chromogenic Compounds↗
PubMed1997

Expression of adhesion molecules in malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma: comparison with normal plasma cells and functional significance.

Malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma are predominantly confined to the bone marrow, where they stimulate cytokine production by stromal cells and bone cells leading to osteoclast activation and formation of the characteristic lytic lesions in the skeleton. Adhesion molecules are critically involved in the cellular interactions between myeloma cells and stromal elements and may represent novel therapeutic targets to reduce osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma. Here, we review the literature on the adhesion molecule repertoire expressed by malignant plasma cells and discuss the evidence that adhesive interactions between myeloma cells and stromal cells stimulate production of bone-resorbing cytokines.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1990

Filtration of platelet-poor plasma specimens yields platelet-free plasma. Application for batch analysis of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4.

The authors investigated filtration of platelet-poor plasma through a 0.2-micron filter for the analysis of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) in frozen specimens. Platelets were detected by electron micrograph in the platelet-poor plasma preparation without filtration. No platelets or platelet fragments were seen after filtration. Freezing the unfiltered specimens resulted in a significant increase in the beta-TG and PF4 concentrations, presumably because of release of these proteins from the platelet alpha-granules during freezing and thawing. There was no change in the PF4 levels and only a slight decrease in beta-TG levels after freezing of the filtered specimens. The filtered samples could be frozen for later batch analysis, resulting in considerable cost savings to the laboratory.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1989

B cells and plasma cells in mycosis fungoides. A study including cases with B cell follicle formation or a monotypical plasma cell component.

B cells formed a distinctive component (greater than 5%) of the infiltrates in specimens of 28% (n = 12) of the 43 cases of mycosis fungoides studied. A large majority expressed surface immunoglobulin (Ig) D and/or IgM and a small minority IgA, similar to the proportions in inflammatory infiltrates. There was a prevalence of lambda light-chain expression. In about half of these cases, specimens revealed the formation of B cell follicles at various stages of development. Plasma cells formed a substantial number (greater than 25/mm2) in specimens from 21% (n = 9) of the patients. In six of these cases, including all four cases with advanced follicle formation, the same specimens were also rich in B lymphocytes. In most of the specimens the varying majorities of IgA or IgG producing cells and the polytypical expression of kappa and lambda light chains were similar to the patterns in inflammatory disorders. Two cases showed a striking prevalence of IgG, kappa-positive plasma cells, which was present in multiple specimens of one case and was associated with atypical plasmacytoid cells in a tumor of the other case. The pertinence of these observations for a special relationship between the abnormal T cells and the B cell component is discussed.

Adult↗