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PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the second line of treatment of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung].

Efficacy of second line therapy which included vepesid and adriamycin or vepesid, adriamycin and cis-platin, in small cell lung cancer was studied. Objective remission was seen in 35% of the once more treated patients. Analysis of survival time showed significant prolongation of it in cases treated once more in comparison with a group of patients with progression of the neoplastic process during primary therapy or patients not treated due to relapses of the process. The observed difference was bigger in patients that reacted with a remission to the second line therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical evaluation of neoplasms in bone marrow biopsies using monoclonal antibodies reactive in paraffin-embedded tissue.

A panel of commercially available monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) including LN1, LN2, MB2, L26, Leu M1, UCHL1, MT1 and L60 was used to evaluate a diverse group of neoplastic processes in 256 Zenker's-fixed, decalcified, paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsies using the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. LN2 and MB2 were useful in delineating the extent of B-cell lymphoproliferative processes and in identifying interstitial patterns of involvement. The combined application of LN2, MB2 and UCHL1 had utility in differentiating B-cell from T-cell lymphoproliferative processes; in no instance was reactivity with LN2 observed in T-cell processes. The combined application of these three MoAbs was also used in differentiating benign reactive lymphoid aggregates from focal malignant B-cell proliferations. LN2 exhibited positivity with the Reed-Sternberg cells (RSC) of Hodgkin's Disease (HD) and significantly aided in the identification of these cells. Staining of RSC with Leu M1 was inconsistent and was observed in only 50% of cases of HD. Use of the entire panel of MoAbs together with more recently available reagents such as Cathepsin G, MAC 387 and neutrophil elastase was essential in optimally evaluating a particular lesion; none of these MoAbs used singly reliably differentiated myeloid from lymphoid, hematopoietic from metastatic, or reactive from malignant processes.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Far-Eastern interpretation of cellular pathology: yang-type components of a pancreatic acinar tumor.

Conjugates of a sialic acid-binding lectin, limulin, with rhodamine and horseradish peroxidase, were used to detect yang-type components at the surface of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Fluorescence microscopy of frozen sections revealed an even distribution of yang residues over the surface of neoplastic cells, in contrast to the polarized one on normal acinar cells. Electron microscopy indicated a lower concentration of yang-type molecules on the tumor cell surface than on its normal counterpart. It was concluded that the neoplastic process induces an alteration of yin/yang ratio at cellular level.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The incidence of neoplasms of the epithelium associated with monoclonal gammopathy at a general hospital. A 6-year analysis].

The epithelial neoplasias associated to monoclonal gammapathy (GM) seen in a general hospital over a period of six years are reviewed. 8 cases were detected, 2 of which behaved as a second neoplasia since they occurred in patients previously diagnosed of multiple myeloma. The incidence and characteristics of the monoclonal component of the neoplastic process are described as well as its possible etiopathogenic implication.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Unusual tumor of the thyroid: amyloid goiter].

The goiter amyloid is an infrequent complication in the expanded symptomatic range of the generalized amyloidosis. Much more habitual alteration among the reactive secondary amyloidosis: it's characterized by a fast and progressive growth of the thyroid which can bring about compressive problems over the closest cervical structures. In the same way, it can be observed regarding to neoplastic process of the thyroid gland; either carcinoma medullary or another type. It is necessary its with a clear differentiation. We present you a case of a male suffering systematic reactive amyloidosis, secondary to bronquiectasys in the bosom of a pneumoconiosis, with an increase of serum figures of IgA.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1989

[The conservative surgical treatment of kidney tumors].

Seven cases are reported of patients with renal tumors in whom organ-preserving operations were performed. Two patients had only one kidney, the contralateral had been removed in the past. They had only partial resection of one third of the kidney performed. In five patients, in whom parenchymal renal tumor was accidentally detected, with normal contralateral kidney, enucleation of the tumor was performed. On histologic examination one had hypernephroma, three--adenoma with atypism, one--leiomyoangiolipoma. The size of all enucleated tumors varied from 25 to 55 mm with distinct fibrous pseudocapsule, without proliferation in it and without vascular invasion of the neoplastic process. It is assumed that patients with tumor of the only kidney when possible should be subjected to organ-preserving operation. In the event of a small encapsulated tumor and normal contralateral kidney, organ-preserving operation may be performed when there is low-grade malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Pancreatic cancer--the localization and metastasis of the tumor in the gland (a statistical analysis of autopsy data from the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Biomedical Research Institute in 1963-1987)].

Special attention is called to the localization and metastasizing of pancreatic cancer in different organs and systems. Ample post-mortem case material was used to this end, including 25,589 autopsies for 25 years (1963-1987). Pancreatic cancer was recorded in 419 cases--174 men and 145 women. The neoplastic process was analyzed in three aspects: metastasizing in near and in more remote organs; study the relation between localization of the cancer and its metastasizing; elucidation of the relation between the histologic forms of pancreatic cancer and its complications (infiltration and metastasizing). It is concluded that most common were the metastases in the regional lymph nodes, followed in incidence by those in the liver, lungs and intestines. Metastases in other organs were comparatively less common.

Bulgaria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The gastrointestinal tract in H.I.V. patients. Anatomopathologic aspects of opportunistic infections].

The symptoms of the Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (A.I.D.S.) in the gastrointestinal tract are principally represented by neoplastic processes (Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma) and by opportunistic infections. These infections, for the diversity of bacterial, viral or parasitic etiological agents which are involved, ask for new and more specific interpretative problems, from the pathological point of view-either in the identification of the pathogenic agents either in the recognition of infective lesions associated with the presence of a not directly objectivable infective agent. On the basis of these considerations the authors report the principal histopathological characteristics connected with opportunistic infections of the gastrointestinal tract in 18 H.I.V. positive patients. Of every segment of the gastrointestinal tract, the detected agents are described with the lesions related to them, the other not specific A.I.D.S. associated infective forms recently described in literature, and in particular the differential diagnostic problems connected with viral infections. In the large bowel must be underlined the problems and the principal distinctive elements between opportunistic agents derived colitis and idiopathic colitis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Acute hip pain in the adult--assessment by magnetic resonance tomography].

Using the modern cross-sectional imaging technique of MRI, significant improvement has been achieved in the early diagnosis of acute hip diseases, such as avascular femoral head necrosis, transient osteoporosis, coxitis, and tumors, the demarcation of which can be seen by MRI. Studies with MRI in patients with transient osteoporosis have revealed three stages during the clinical course. The focal stage is similar to femoral head necrosis, but always without the typical sclerotic rim. To obtain complete remission, transient osteoporosis only requires immobilization. There are difficulties in diagnosing infected and neoplastic processes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis.

Cellular oncogenes (c-oncs) have been highly conserved throughout evolution and subserve important roles in growth and development. Both in development and the neoplastic state, c-oncs appear to collaborate rather than function independently. Cellular oncogenes are activated in the neoplastic process by four (nonviral) mechanisms; (a) chromosomal translocations; (b) gene amplifications; (c) point mutations; and (d) DNA rearrangements. The timing of c-onc gene product expression may be as important in oncogenesis as the level of expression. At this writing, mutant oncogenes have not been shown to be inherited. Oncogene amplification, if important in oncogenesis, is more likely to be involved with tumor progression rather than initiation. Chromosomal/molecular aberrations tend to be characteristic for a given type of cancer. These genetic alterations are often situated near heritable fragile sites, tumor-suppressor gene loci and/or oncogene loci. Similar molecular mechanisms involving translocations and inversions may underly the common T and B cell neoplasms. The loss/inactivation of both normal alleles at a locus thought to encode for tumor-suppressing activities (antioncogenes) may represent an event common to many childhood and adult neoplasms. The consistency and cell specificity with which this has been identified is consistent with a role for such genes in cellular differentiation. At this writing, the paradigm for such a controlling locus is 13q14, the site of the retinoblastoma gene. Based on recent studies in familial and sporadic Wilms' tumor which suggest etiological heterogeneity, theoretical modifications of the carcinogenesis model which has been central to understanding retinoblastoma may soon be forthcoming to explain molecular mechanisms operative in other cancer. The role of genomic imprinting in carcinogenesis is only recently being explored. Further study of this process may prove to be a fruitful area of future research.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1989

MRI of the gastrointestinal tract.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the gastrointestinal tract may be useful for detection of inflammatory and neoplastic processes and staging of neoplasms. Successful application of MRI depends upon the use of proper gut contrast material, glucagon, and scan sequences that diminish the effect of respiratory motion. Current uses of MRI center on the evaluation and staging of rectal tumors and on the distinction between recurrent tumor and fibrosis.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1977

Histological and histochemical studies of oral cancer.

Increasing attempts are now being made to measure and to assess the relative importance of histologic features in oral premalignant and malignant conditions in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis. Though certain individual features, such as DNA content of cell nuclei, or stereological parameters like nuclear : cytoplasmic ration or desmosome density can be very accurately quantified, no single feature can completely characterize the neoplastic process. Multifactorial studies are thus of great importance, even though it is not practicable to measure all the parameters included with the sam accuracy; in such studies retrospective computation of the relative importance of individual parameters is of greater value than arbitarily assigned weights. So far as early prediction of malignant transformation in oral premalignant lesions is concerned, great interest is now being shown in the reactivity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in epithelial cells. For predicting the prognosis of patients with established squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, it is now realized that thenature and intensity of the host immune inflammatory response seen in the connective tissue within the surrounding the tumour and in affected regional lymph nodes, is at least as important as are the features of the tumour cells themselves.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1989

Neoplasia in vaginal cuff epithelial inclusion cysts after hysterectomy.

Between Jan 1, 1985, and Dec 31, 1987, 26 women were treated for vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). Twenty-two of them had undergone hysterectomy, 15 for a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer. Five patients were identified whose management was complicated by the presence of the neoplastic process within vaginal cuff inclusion cysts (or sinuses). All five patients ultimately underwent upper vaginectomy as part of their treatment, and two of them were found to have an invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina. Women who are found to have an abnormal Papanicolaou smear or VAIN in the upper vagina following hysterectomy should be examined carefully for vaginal cuff abnormalities. Those with nodularity or distortion of the cuff are best managed with surgical excision for both treatment of VAIN and discovery of an occult invasive cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Cerebral gliomatosis. An anatomoclinical case].

Gliomatosis cerebri is a glial neoplastic process. It is diffusely distributed through brain structures whose anatomical configuration remains intact. Clinical diagnosis of this rare disease is difficult. The symptoms are varied and biological and radiological data are not specific. The case reported shows the characteristic features of the disease. Diagnosis was possible only on autopsy, in spite of several previous clinical and biological investigations and nuclear magnetic resonance study.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Expression of int-2 mRNA in human tumors amplified at the int-2 locus.

Gene amplification is a relatively frequent event in human malignant tumors and is believed to have an important function in neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Our attention has been focused on the amplification and the expression of the int-2 gene for several reasons: (1) In the mouse mammary tumorigenesis int-2 is frequently activated by MMTV proviral integration. (2) The human homolog of int-2, located on chromosome 11q13, is frequently amplified in human primary tumors and is comprised in an amplification unit encompassing the hst gene, which is often coamplified; the amplification at the 11q13 locus in breast carcinomas correlates with a poor outcome of the disease. (3) int-2 and hst belong to the basic FGF gene family. All these observations raise the possibility that the human int-2 gene plays an active role in the neoplastic process, but this will prove to be true only if int-2 is expressed in human tumors. In the present study we used RNA:RNA in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis to show that int-2 gene is expressed in a number of human carcinomas amplified at the same locus.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1989

Rapid cytologic diagnosis of Pneumocystis: a comparison of effective techniques.

There has been a dramatic increase in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and immunosuppression. Cytologic specimens including random and induced sputum samples, bronchoscopic washings, bronchoalveolar lavage, and fine needle and open lung biopsies can all be used for a rapid, accurate, and economical PCP diagnosis. Of these, bronchoalveolar lavage has emerged as the most diagnostic specimen, but the diagnostic yield of induced sputum is under investigation. Commonly used Gomori's methenamine and Gram-Weigert silver stains identify the cyst walls. Trophozoite forms can occasionally be stained by Gram Weigert, and specifically by Giemsa and PAS techniques. Organisms occur within the alveolar secretions inspissated in the form of foamy alveolar casts (FACs). PCP can also be identified in the Papanicolaou-stained pulmonary specimens. Alveolar proteinaceous material and cyst walls are stained pale gray and the nuclei as dark dots. Pap-stained PC cysts can be excited by ultraviolet light; they fluoresce and appear greenish yellow with irregular shapes, easily distinguishable from fungi. Organisms under ultraviolet stimulation must also be distinguished from cigarette smoker's pigment, red blood cells, and mucus. Following treatment, FACs persist, GMS-stained cysts are less numerous, fluorescence diminishes, and organisms become fragmented and may appear swollen. They may be seen within the macrophages and bronchial mucus secretion. We conclude that GMS, Gram-Weigert, and routine Papanicolaou staining are valuable for rapid PCP diagnosis. Besides PCP, associated infections and cellular changes can also be correctly diagnosed in Papanicolaou-stained specimens, including other infectious and neoplastic processes common in the AIDS victim.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Endorectal ultrasonic study of the prostate].

Endorectal ultrasound examination, which has been developed mainly by Japanese and Danish scientists is being applied at I. Clinical Hospital "Dr. Kiril Khavezov" in Sofia since 1984. In this report the method is briefly described and results presented of 91 examinations performed in 76 patients with miscellaneous prostate diseases: 55 patients with adenoma, 17 with cancer, 3 with prostatitis and 1 with abscess. Characteristic of adenoma were the changes in the size and form of the gland; two types of changes in the form are described. Various structural changes, associated with asymmetry and impaired integrity of the prostate capsule were seen in cancer. In cases of prostatitis the gland was enlarged without structural changes. Only the the abscess was visualized as a liquid zone with irregular shape. The value of this method is that it furnishes information on the morphologic pattern of the whole gland, as well as on its correlations with the adjacent structures. Endorectal ultrasound examination of the prostate can not be a substitute for the cytologic and histologic methods when a neoplastic process is suspected.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

[Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver].

Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma of the liver was found at autopsy of two women and one man (at the age of 67, 74 and 68). It occurred in multinodular form or as a huge tumours infiltration. In one case secondaries were noticed in a portal lymphnode and in the lung. Histology was characterized by epitheloid and elongated cells with irregular nuclei and sparse cytoplasmic vacuoles. A massive growth of tumour into sinusoid, central and portal veins resulted in a progressive liver atrophy or destruction. Differential diagnosis comprised epithelial tumours, especially cholangiocellular carcinoma, angiosarcoma and non-neoplastic processes (liver fibrosis and venoocclusive disease.

Aged↗