Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Neck Injuries”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Biomechanical evaluation of the axial compressive responses of the human cadaveric and manikin necks.

Cervical spine injuries such as wedge, burst, and tear drop fractures are often associated with compressive axial loads delivered to the human head-neck complex. Understanding the injury mechanisms, the kinematics of the anatomic structure, and the tissue tolerances can improve clinical prognosis and facilitate a better design for anthropomorphic devices. The axial compressive response of human cadaveric preparations was compared with the 50th percentile anthropomorphic Hybrid III manikin under various loading rates. Ten fresh human cadavers were used in the study. Intact cadaver torsos, head-cervical spines, and ligamentous cervical columns were tested. The head-neck structure and the neck (without head) of the Hybrid III manikin were also tested. Responses of the human cadaveric preparations and manikin structures were nonlinear at all rates of loading. However, axial stiffness, a measure of the ability of the structure to withstand external force, was higher under all rates of loading for manikin preparations when compared with the human cadaveric tissues.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Should airguns be banned?

In this article, we express concerns regarding the availability of airguns, the injuries that they cause and their abuse as weapons of assault. We wish to stimulate debate on this topic and report a 5-year retrospective analysis of all airgun injuries to the head and neck, presenting to Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, from June 1998 to June 2003. We identified 16 patients who suffered such injuries with ages ranging from 5 to 15 years. The majority of cases were violent assaults, which is not in accordance with previous published reports. All of these occurred in public places outside the home. Most incidents occurred through the spring and summer period. Six patients required overnight stay in hospital. Nine patients required operative procedures to remove the airgun pellets. Two patients had serious eye injuries resulting in loss of vision. Two patients had penetrating neck injuries requiring exploration of the wound. The remaining group had either skin-penetrating injuries with lodgement of fragments in subcutaneous tissues or non-skin penetrating injuries. This study highlights serious injuries arising from the abuse of airguns as weapons of assault. Airguns are readily available to people without license. Recent legislation has increased the minimum age at which airguns can be carried in a public place, but we believe that stricter legislation is required to produce a reduction in the number of airgun-related injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Accessory nerve monitoring and stimulation during neck surgery.

Iatrogenic injury to the spinal accessory nerve following surgical procdures in the neck is well recognized in causing significant morbidity to patients, with shoulder pain and loss of function being particularly problematic. We have used a Magstim Neurosign 100 peripheral nerve monitor, that is most often used in our practice to monitor the facial nerve during middle ear and parotid surgery, to monitor the accessory nerve during neck surgery. Ten patients undergoing accessory nerve-sparing neck dissection, or excision biopsy of neck mass had their accessory nerve monitored during the procedure. No patient suffered injury of the nerve. In several cases the nerve closely adhered to the tissue being resected, and in two cases, the nerve bifurcated or gave off branches. We found that the monitor aided identification and preservation of the nerve.

Accessory Nerve Injuries↗
PubMed1994

[Biomechanical aspects of cervical trauma].

The biomechanical expert opinion on the injury mechanism is necessary in few cases only. However, the judgement of these cases is extremely compromised if mechanically wrong terms are introduced in the clinical report. Since the injury mechanism in the neck is very complex the clinical physician should concentrate on the clinical findings familiar to him; usually the clinician lacks technical case documentation and specific training in injury biomechanics. The relevant mechanisms of neck injuries are an indirect trauma induced by a) a head contact leading to compression, hyperflexion, hyperextension and/or hypertranslation and b) a non-head-contact mechanism (hyperflexion or hyperextension, hypertranslation, acceleration). A non-contact mechanism occurs e.g. during a rear end impact without head restraint (hyperextension) or a frontal collision of a belted occupant (hyperflexion) without head impact. The term "whiplash" is misleading and incorrect: It presumes a virtually non existing two phase movement back and forth (or vice versa) like during the development of the crack of the whip. Secondly, it mixes the physical criterion mechanism with the anatomical or morphological criterion injury e.g. distortion, sprain etc. A (head)-contact mechanism is due to a corresponding momentum exerted from the head on the neck. Again, the anatomical or morphological terms are equal, but the mechanism is different. During a contact mechanism as well as during a non-contact mechanism not only a hyperflexion or a hyperextension can occur; in the first phase of the impact also a shearing force between the upper vertebral bodies (CO-C2) may load the intervertebral structures by hypertranslation.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1977

Spinal injuries in belt-wearing car occupants killed by head-on collisions.

In 34 post-mortem examinations of car occupants wearing seat belts and killed in straight or oblique head-on collisions, a thorough investigation of the spine was performed. The autopsy results were correlated with the findings in the cars in order to reconstruct the events when the occupant's body struck the interior of the car. In 2 cases the victims had worn lap belts, in 15 cases shoulder belts and in 17 cases combined shoulder-lap belts (three-point belts). In victims involved in head-on collisions while wearing lap belts, fractures of the neural arch of the axis were found which were probably due to flexion of the neck pivoting round the lower part of the impacting face and simultaneous stretching of the neck. Severe injuries to the cervical spine in those victims wearing shoulder belts were mainly due to the occupant sliding under the belt which then caught the neck and mandible. Such injuries were also caused by the impact of the head against forward parts of the car. In those wearing shoulder-lap belts injuries to the upper part of the cervical spine resulted from the impact of the head against internal parts of the car. When a slight impact of the head occurred minor injuries to the lower cervical spine were seen. Injuries to the thoracolumbar spine in the cases examined were the consequence of a violent extension between the upper part of the trunk held back by the shoulder belt and the pelvis restrained by the lap belt or by the knees striking the fascia panel. In front seat occupants this extension can be increased if either rear seat occupants without belts or heavy objects on the rear seat are projected forwards against their backs.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

Peripherally induced tremor and parkinsonism.

OBJECTIVE: Trauma to the peripheral nervous system is a well-recognized cause of dystonia and tremor, but peripherally induced parkinsonism has not previously been documented. We seek to characterize peripherally induced tremor and parkinsonism and propose possible mechanisms for this phenomenon. DESIGN: Review of records of patients evaluated in the Movement Disorders Clinic between 1977 and 1993. In addition to demographic and clinical information, the records were screened for any potential predisposing factors. PATIENTS: Twenty-eight patients in whom the onset of tremor, parkinsonism, or both was anatomically and temporally related to local injury. INTERVENTION: The type and site of injury were verified by history and examination of records whenever possible. Severity of tremor and parkinsonism was assessed by clinical rating scales. Three patients with tremor and parkinsonism had their striatal [18F]-fluorodopa uptake and raclopride binding measured with positron emission tomography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Response to conventional antitremor and antiparkinsonian medication was assessed by a clinical rating scale. RESULTS: Severe local injury preceded the onset of movement disorder by 47.5 +/- 74.7 days (mean +/- SD). The mean age at onset of movement disorder was 46.5 +/- 14.1 years. Tremor was present in all 28 patients, 11 of whom exhibited additional parkinsonian features. In 20 patients, the movement disorder spread beyond the original site. Possible predisposing factors were identified in 13 patients; nine had essential tremor or a family history of essential tremor. In addition to tremor, dystonia and myoclonus were evident in 13 and three patients, respectively. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy was present in six patients. Tremor did not improve with medications, and only seven patients with parkinsonism responded to therapy with levodopa. CONCLUSION: Central reorganization in response to peripheral injury may give rise to a motor disturbance, including tremor and parkinsonism.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Natural history of posttraumatic cervical dystonia.

We studied a case series of 9 patients with posttraumatic cervical dystonia, in whom involuntary muscle spasms and abnormal head postures occurred within 7 days after cervical injury. Patients were examined, treated with botulinum toxin as necessary, and were followed up to 5 years. Based on our observations of these cases, we propose that complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) could represent a variant of posttraumatic cervical dystonia that may develop over time after the initiation of dystonia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

An anatomical study and clinical cases of 'super-thin flaps' with transverse cervical perforator.

We present a microangiogram study and clinical cases of super-thin flaps based on a transverse cervical perforator. This flap is the first to use the perforator of the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery. This flap is more useful for providing colour and texture matches than a skin graft, and it is easier to harvest the flap than a free flap because it is a kind of skin flap.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Injury location and screening questionnaires as markers for intimate partner violence.

PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate the performance of 2 different screening questionnaires for intimate partner violence (IPV), in conjunction with injury location, as markers for IPV-related injuries. METHODS: We implemented a cross-sectional study and enrolled a sample of women presenting to the emergency department for evaluation and management of nonverifiable injuries. Study subjects were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 IPV screening questionnaires: the Partner Violence Screen (PVS) or the short-Woman Abuse Screening Tool (short-WAST). We evaluated a combination of 2 markers of IPV-related injury: (1) injury location, classified as head/neck/facial (HNF) or other and (2) responses to the IPV questionnaires: positive or negative. Our predictor variable was the probability of self-report of IPV-related injury defined as (1) high probability (HNF injuries were present and there was a positive response to the IPV questionnaire) or (2) low probability (all other combinations of injury location and responses to the questionnaires). The outcome variable was self-reported injury etiology, IPV or other. Demographic variables were also recorded for our study sample. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were computed for the sample. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values and odds ratios were calculated (P < .05). RESULTS: The sample was composed of 200 women. The sensitivities/specificities for the PVS-injury location and short-WAST-injury location combinations were 0.75/0.70 and 0.77/0.61, respectively. The odds ratios for IPV-related injury etiology were 10.2 (3 < OR < 41, P = .01) for the PVS-injury location combination and 3.7 (0.90 < OR < 15, P = .07) for the short-WAST-injury location combination. CONCLUSIONS: A set of markers composed of injury location and the PVS was statistically associated with the likelihood of reporting IPV-related injuries. The short-WAST did not perform as well as the PVS in the study's clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Postinjury myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: its etiology and prognosis.

Clinical data are producted which appear to show that the response to therapy of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is much less favorable when the patient has been involved in a road traffic or similar accident which precipiated the condition. Reasons for this difference and the differences between postinjury MPDS and nonpostinjury MPDS patients may be a consequence of litigation and, in addition, may be due to the personality of the patient. Evidence to support this hypothesis is seen when the condition is compared with such disorders as low back pain. Further research is needed to explore the etiology and treatment implications of these differences.

Accidents, Traffic↗