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At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Quantitative determination of the hybrid Bcr-Abl RNA in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia under interferon therapy.

In vitro amplification of the Bcr-Abl cDNA has been widely used to assess for the presence of minimal residual disease in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) presenting with complete clinical and cytogenetic remission. However, the level of sensitivity achieved in different laboratories remains largely unknown. Moreover, the results are usually expressed as positive or negative, making a precise follow-up of the patients difficult. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, we devised a quantitative method to measure the amount of Bcr-Abl mRNA in clinical samples. This methodology involves a single reverse transcription step, followed by separate amplifications of Bcr-Abl and total Abl mRNA. These two amplifications are performed in the presence of different dilutions of a same internal standard. This standard consists of Bcr-Abl sequences with an eight bases deletion in exon 2 of Abl. One of the primers used in each separate reaction is labelled with fluorescein. Following amplification, PCR products derived from cellular RNA and those from the internal standard are separated and their relative fluorescence is determined using a laser fluorescent DNA sequencer (ALF, Pharmacia). The number of Bcr-Abl and total Abl mRNA molecules initially present in each sample is then calculated. The accuracy and reproducibility of this method was assessed by studying serial dilutions of K562 RNA into normal RNA. Blood samples from 10 patients in cytogenetic remission under interferon therapy were studied. Only one sample was found negative while the others contained between 0.05 and 17 hybrid Bcr-Abl mRNA molecules per 1000 molecules of Abl mRNA. These results suggest that a variable number of malignant cells are present in the majority of CML patients in cytogenetic remission following interferon therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Feigned mental disorder in prisoners referred to forensic mental health services.

This paper describes a study that aimed to identify the extent to which feigning of mental illness represents a significant problem in prisoners referred to a medium secure unit. A clinical method was used to assess the prisoners, employing the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) and selected Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) validity indices. Stringent criteria were used to classify 60 consecutive referrals to a secure unit as feigning mental disorder or not. In addition, the study examined characteristic differences, on a number of selected variables, between those prisoners who feign and those who respond honestly. The personality profiles of prisoners who feign were also investigated. Analysis of data showed that 32% of the sample (P < 0.01) could be classified as fabricating or exaggerating symptoms of mental illness. It is suggested that such presentations may be more prevalent than previously considered. Few differences were observed between the groups on selected variables, although prisoners who feigned mental illness demonstrated significantly higher dependent and anxious (avoidant) personality types. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to available models of feigned presentations.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Doctors' estimates of the percentage of patients whose problems do not require medical attention.

A total of 248 doctors replied to the question 'About what per cent of your patients present problems that do not really require medical attention (problems that would take care of themselves)?' The answers given ranged from 0 to 90%, with a mean of 20.61 and standard deviation of 23.81 The estimates given by the doctors were related to their own performance as pre-medical and medical students, and to personal qualities and dispositions as indicated by psychological assessment. Doctors whose estimates were higher than the average for the group tended to have better pre-medical scholastic records than their peers, to attain superior scores on the Science subtest of the Medical College Admission Test, and to prefer rational to intuitive methods of problem-solving.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Allergic contact dermatitis to adhesive tape and contrived disease.

A case of allergic contact dermatitis, caused by colophony in an orthopaedic tape, is presented. This failed to heal, despite removal of the allergen. Only after a period of observation in hospital and, finally, gentle confrontation with the patient, did it become clear that the perpetuation of the dermatitis was an example of contrived disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Unexplained septicaemia and pneumoperitoneum in Vietnamese boat people: a self-inflicted condition?

BACKGROUND: Ten Vietnamese boat people with septicaemic shock or pneumoperitoneum were admitted between April and July 1993. METHODS: In order to investigate the cause of unexplained septicaemic shock and spontaneous pneumoperitoneum in Vietnamese boat people, an audit was carried out. Attention was paid to the mode of presentation, abnormal physical signs, presence of injection marks, radiological signs, subsequent progress outcome. RESULTS: The clinical and radiological findings were all in favour of self-inflicted conditions. A retrospective review from the hospital record revealed that the emergency admission rate and disappearance rate of the Vietnamese boat people was higher than those of other patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that self-inflicted conditions are a serious problem among the Vietnamese boat people, who may use a hospital admission to avoid the detention centre.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Adding insult to injury: workplace injury in English professional football.

Sociologists studying the topic of workplace injury have neglected professional athletes despite the fact that, for such employees, remaining 'active' at work is of paramount importance. This study involved semi-structured interviews with 47 current and former male professional footballers who all had careers in the English professional football leagues. The interviews focused on the players' experiences of injury and rehabilitation and their relationships with club managers, physiotherapists and doctors. The object of this empirical article concerns an examination of how professional footballers become, or perceive themselves as being, stigmatised when they are injured or in pain. For players, the social conditions of work, for example the internal competition for places, all have implications with respect to their presentation of self when they are claiming to be injured or in pain. The often conflict-ridden relations between players and managers, combined with a culture that normalises pain and injury, means that players often find themselves in health-compromising situations. Thus, examining this highly physical vocation provides an opportunity to add to the literature in which injury at work is socially produced through interpretive social interaction.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2007

Bilateral hand amyotrophy with PMP-22 gene deletion.

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) phenotypes are heterogeneous. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman without medical history, who complained of bilateral hand weakness suggestive first of a motor neuron disorder. The presence of a diffuse predominant distal demyelinating neuropathy suggested a deletion of PMP-22 gene, which was confirmed by genetic analysis. This case report underlines a novel phenotype related to the deletion of PMP-22 gene.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Two faces of cholecystokinin: anxiety and schizophrenia.

It has been suggested that cholecystokinin (CCK), a gut-brain peptide found in high concentrations in the mammalian brain, might be implicated in the neurobiology of anxiety and panic disorder. The administration of CCK tetrapeptide induced panic attacks analogous to spontaneous ones in patients suffering from panic disorder and to a lesser degree in healthy volunteers. In animal models of anxiety, the pretreatment with CCK agonists and antagonists produced, respectively, anxiogenic- and anxiolytic-like action on the exploratory paradigms. On the other hand, CCK could also play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The administration of CCK agonists (caerulein, CCK-8s) to rodents results in behavioural effects analogous to those of antipsychotic drugs. However, CCK agonists lack any activity in rodent behavioural models to reveal antipsychotic drugs. A significant reduction of CCK concentration and CCK receptors has been shown in cortical and limbic structures of patients suffering from schizophrenia. Nevertheless, administration of CCK agonists to these patients does not effect their symptoms. Two major conclusions should be drawn: first, CCK is involved in the neurobiology of anxiety; second, changes in the CCK system in schizophrenia could be linked to a cortical neurodegeneration related to this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Nonepileptic seizures after head injury.

PURPOSE: To examine the role of head injury as a risk factor in the development of nonepileptic seizures (NES). Specifically, we will determine the relative frequency of head injury among NES patients referred to our center and will describe several pertinent clinical features and personal characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective record review of patients referred to our center for evaluation of seizures over a 4-year period. All patients with NES were evaluated as in a previously described protocol, which included intensive video EEG monitoring, provocation by suggestion, and psychiatric interview. All NES patients with a history of head injury were extracted for this report. RESULTS: Of 102 patients with NES, nearly one-third (32%) had an antecedent head injury; 52% were male, mean age was 34 years, and 12% had coexisting epilepsy. Multiple psychiatric disorders were not uncommon (79%), and a history of abuse was found in 35%. All but four patients had documented financial gain from their injury. Follow-up at 1 year found poor long-term outcome with lasting disability; despite that, the majority (91%) of head injuries were minor. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary findings suggest that prior head injury is associated with the development of NES and may contribute to the pathogenesis of NES in vulnerable patients. Head injury and sexual or physical abuse appear to occur in comparable proportions in patients with NES. This suggests that head injury and abuse may be equally important risk factors in the development of NES.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Detecting hysterical sensory symptoms: an elaboration of the forced choice technique.

Patients with hysterical sensory symptoms can often be detected because they give significantly fewer correct responses with forced choice testing than would be expected on a chance basis. It is always possible that such a patient may see through this strategy and respond within the range associated with chance. This report describes one such subject together with an elaboration of the forced choice technique which strongly indicated that his symptoms had no organic basis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

Single case experimentation: a seventeenth century example.

This paper describes a seventeenth century case which contains most of the features of a modern single case experiment. The method employed was similar to the forced choice technique now used to detect 'hysterical' sensory symptoms.

Adolescent↗