Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of a deslorelin implant in a timed artificial insemination protocol on follicle development, luteal function and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows.

This study examined the influence of a GnRH agonist containing either 450 or 750 microg of deslorelin in an implant form or a gonadorelin injection (control) to induce ovulation in the Ovsynch protocol on pregnancy rates (PR), embryonic loss, and ovarian function in 593 lactating Holstein cows. Cows were given two injections of PGF2alpha 14 days apart, followed 14 days later by the Ovsynch protocol, and were timed artificially inseminated (TAI) at 68 +/- 3 days postpartum. Blood samples for determination of plasma progesterone concentrations were collected at 24 and 10 days prior to and 11 days after TAI. Pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 27 and reconfirmed on Day 41 after TAI. Non-pregnant, not re-inseminated cows at Day 27 had their ovaries examined by ultrasonography, and the number and size of follicles and presence of luteal tissue were determined. Simultaneously, these cows were re-synchronized with the Ovsynch protocol. Pregnancy during the re-synchronization period was determined between 35 and 41 days after insemination. On Day 27, PR were higher for control (39.0%) and deslorelin 450 microg (DESLORELIN 450) implant (41.3%) than for those receiving the deslorelin 750 microg (DESLORELIN 750) implant (27.5%; P<0.05). Pregnancy losses tended to decrease for DESLORELIN 450 compared with control (5.0% versus 12.7%; P<0.13). Plasma progesterone concentrations did not differ significantly among treatments. Deslorelin suppressed ovarian activity and decreased PR during the re-synchronization period compared with control. The percentage of non-pregnant animals that were re-inseminated by Day 27 was less for deslorelin compared with control. In conclusion, incorporation of an implant of the GnRH agonist deslorelin to induce ovulation in the Ovsynch protocol has the potential to reduce pregnancy losses, but the response was dependent upon implant concentration. Evaluation of lower doses to minimize the negative effects on subsequent fertility is warranted.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2006

Litter characteristics of gilts artificially inseminated with transforming growth factor-beta.

PROBLEM: Semen is a rich source of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and it has been proposed that this molecule promotes embryonic survival by modifying immune responses to promote tolerance toward paternal antigens and by inducing release of cytokines that promote embryonic development. The role of TGF-beta was tested using pigs by evaluating whether its addition to washed sperm improves conceptus survival and fetal growth. METHODS OF STUDY: At estrus, gilts were artificially inseminated twice at 12-hr intervals with 100 mL of either washed semen resuspended in a commercial semen extender supplemented with 2 mg/mL of gelatin or washed semen in the same extender containing 65 ng/mL of TGF-beta1. Three boars were used as semen donors. At day 80 (+/-4 days) of gestation, gilts were sacrificed and reproductive tracts harvested. RESULTS: Treatment had no effect (P > 0.10) on total or live fetuses per litter, implantation rate, fetal survival or percentage of corpora lutea resulting in live fetuses at day 80. Insemination with TGF-beta1 also did not affect total or average fetal weight or total placental weight. There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for average placental weight of live fetuses to be lower for pregnancies established in gilts treated with TGF-beta1. Also, placental efficiency (mass of fetus/mass of placenta) was greater (P < 0.05) for pregnancies established in gilts treated with TGF-beta1. The high fertility in control gilts (80% implantation rate and 11.5 live fetuses per litter) is indicative that soluble seminal factors are not necessary for the establishment of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Within the ranges tested, concentration of TGF-beta in the fluid phase of the inseminate is not an important determinant of conceptus survival or fetal and placental growth to day 80 of gestation in the pig.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Perspectives for artificial insemination and genomics to improve global swine populations.

Civilizations throughout the world continue to depend on pig meat as an important food source. Approximately 40% of the red meat consumed annually worldwide (94 million metric tons) is pig meat. Pig numbers (940 million) and consumption have increased consistent with the increasing world population (FAO 2002). In the past 50 years, research guided genetic selection and nutrition programs have had a major impact on improving carcass composition and efficiency of production in swine. The use of artificial insemination (AI) in Europe has also had a major impact on pig improvement in the past 35 years and more recently in the USA. Several scientific advances in gamete physiology and/or manipulation have been successfully utilized while others are just beginning to be applied at the production level. Semen extenders that permit the use of fresh semen for more than 5 days post-collection are largely responsible for the success of AI in pigs worldwide. Transfer of the best genetics has been enabled by use of AI with fresh semen, and to some extent, by use of AI with frozen semen over the past 25 years. Sexed semen, now a reality, has the potential for increasing the rate of genetic progress in AI programs when used in conjunction with newly developed low sperm number insemination technology. Embryo cryopreservation provides opportunities for international transport of maternal germplasm worldwide; non-surgical transfer of viable embryos in practice is nearing reality. While production of transgenic animals has been successful, the low level of efficiency in producing these animals and lack of information on multigene interactions limit the use of the technology in applied production systems. Technologies based on research in functional genomics, proteomics and cloning have significant potential, but considerable research effort will be required before they can be utilized for AI in pig production. In the past 15 years, there has been a coordinated worldwide scientific effort to develop the genetic linkage map of the pig with the goal of identifying pigs with genetic alleles that result in improved growth rate, carcass quality, and reproductive performance. Molecular genetic tests have been developed to select pigs with improved traits such as removal of the porcine stress (RYR1) syndrome, and selection for specific estrogen receptor (ESR) alleles. Less progress has been made in developing routine tests related to diseases. Major research in genomics is being pursued to improve the efficiency of selection for healthier pigs with disease resistance properties. The sequencing of the genome of the pig to identify new genes and unique regulatory elements holds great promise to provide new information that can be used in pig production. AI, in vitro embryo production and embryo transfer will be the preferred means of implementing these new technologies to enhance efficiency of pig production in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Oviducal storage of spermatozoa in the turkey: its relevance to artificial insemination technology.

1. This paper addresses questions concerning the role of oviducal sperm selection and storage in the relative inefficiency of turkey reproduction. 2. Before the onset of egg production, the turkey has the biological potential to store spermatozoa in its oviduct for periods up to 5 weeks; after the onset of production fewer spermatozoa are retained by the oviduct. 3. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms which regulate sperm selection and storage in the turkey oviduct is necessary to make significant advances in artificial insemination technology.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A prospective, randomized, cross-over comparison of two methods of artificial insemination by donor on the incidence of conception: intracervical insemination by straw versus cervical cap.

In a prospective, randomized study of insemination with donor semen, intracervical insemination by straw was compared with insemination using a cervical cap with an intracervical reservoir. A total of 91 patients completed 486 treatment cycles. There were no significant differences in age, parity, indication for insemination by donor, or method of cycle monitoring between women who became pregnant and those who did not conceive with either insemination method. In 236 standard intracervical insemination cycles, 14 patients became pregnant (5.9% per cycle), whereas 38 patients conceived in 250 cervical cap cycles (15.2% per cycle). Both the crude pregnancy rates and the cumulative pregnancy rates calculated by the Kaplan-Meier life-table method were significantly different (chi(2)-test, P < 0.001, and log-rank test, P < 0.005 respectively). Pregnancy rates in artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor semen may be improved by the use of a cervical cap when compared to cervical insemination by straw. The use of the cervical cap may prolong the exposure of the spermatozoa to the cervical mucus and prevent the backflow of semen into the vagina.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed2005

Pregnancy rates in repeat-breeder heifers following multiple artificial inseminations during spontaneous oestrus.

Hormonal asynchronies during oestrus, related to the presence of suprabasal plasma-progesterone (P4) concentrations and a delayed ovulation, interfere with the fertility of repeat-breeder heifers (RBH). Since tubal dysfunction can occur in connection with hormonal asynchronies and constrained availability of fertile spermatozoa at the time of ovulation, the present study tested the hypothesis that frequent sperm deposition from onset of oestrus to ovulation may improve pregnancy rates in RBH. Five RBH and five virgin heifers (VH; controls) were repeatedly artificially inseminated (AI) at 6 h intervals from onset of oestrus to spontaneous ovulation. Hormone analyses revealed suprabasal P4 concentrations and a delay in the occurrence of the luteinising hormone (LH) surge, but a normal cortisol profile in RBH. Compared with controls, RBH presented longer interval from onset of oestrus to ovulation, and therefore, received more AIs. Pregnancy rates in RBH reached control levels (60%; NS), indicating that the hypothesis might be correct. Pregnancy rates in VH were below the expected range, presumably attributed to a deleterious influence of the frequent handling. The study suggests that pregnancy rates can be improved in RBH by frequent AI in relation to spontaneous ovulation. However, this practice of repeated manipulations, while seeming not to show adverse effects, lacks practicality for routine use.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Successful artificial insemination in a patient with retrograde ejaculation following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer: a case report].

A 24-year-old man underwent right radical orchiectomy for testicular teratocarcinoma in May 1982, which was followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. The patient showed no evidence of recurrent disease at followup examinations. The patient later reported a complete loss of ejaculation postoperatively. Erection and orgasm remained normal. Prior use of a sympathomimetic agent, imipramine hydrochloride, was unsuccessful in producing an antegrade ejaculation. Pregnancy was achieved following the fifth attempt at artificial insemination using semen retrieved from the bladder by the modified Hotchkiss method. A healthy male infant, weighing 3,150 g, was delivered. The treatment modality for male infertility due to retrograde ejaculation after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Cloned cattle fetuses with the same nuclear genetics are more variable than contemporary half-siblings resulting from artificial insemination and exhibit fetal and placental growth deregulation even in the first trimester.

The cloning of cattle by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) is associated with a high incidence of abnormal placentation, excessive fluid accumulation in the fetal sacs (hydrops syndrome), and fetal overgrowth. Fetal and placental development was investigated at Day 50, during placentome formation; at Day 100, when placentation was completed; and at Day 150, when the hydrops syndrome frequently develops. The NT fetuses were compared with contemporary half-siblings generated from in vitro-produced embryos or by artificial insemination (AI). Fetal cotyledon formation and vascularization of the chorioallantoic membranes was initiated normally in NT conceptuses, but fewer cotyledons successfully formed placentomes. By Day 100, the mean number of placentomes was significantly lower in surviving NT fetuses. Only those with normal placentome numbers were represented in surviving NT pregnancies at Day 150. The mean total caruncle tissue weight of the placentomes was significantly higher in the surviving NT groups at Days 100 and 150, irrespective of the placentome numbers, indicating that increased NT placental weight was caused by excessive uterine tissue growth. By Day 100, NT fetuses exhibited growth deregulation, and those that survived to Day 150 were 17% heavier than contemporary AI controls. Placentome, liver, and kidney overgrowth accompanied the hydrops syndrome at Day 150. The NT fetal overgrowth was not a consequence of in vitro embryo culture and showed no correlation with placental overgrowth. However, in vitro culture and incomplete reprogramming of the donor genome are epigenetic effects that may override genetic traits and contribute to the greater variability in placental and fetal development in the NT group compared with AI half-siblings.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1991

Survival of chlamydiae in human semen prepared for artificial insemination by donor.

Semen specimens from 21 men with urethral infection with Chlamydia trachomatis were tested for the presence of the organism before and after cryopreservation for 3 weeks of storage at -196 degrees C. Five specimens were chlamydia-positive before preservation and four of them were still positive after storage when examined by enzyme immunoassay (Chlamydiazyme). When examined by cell culture, four proved chlamydia- positive before storage and two afterwards. The results indicate that testing for C. trachomatis has to be performed from the urethra of all donors of semen used for artificial insemination before the inoculation takes place.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed2003

Effect of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation and fertility after artificial insemination with liquid-stored turkey semen.

Turkey sperm plasma membranes contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are susceptible to lipid peroxidation during in vitro storage at 4 degrees C. Herein we assessed the degree of lipid peroxidation and fertility potential of semen liquid-stored for 24 h with the antioxidant vitamin E. Semen was collected weekly from 44 males and pooled as pairs (total = 22); the individuals in paired samples exhibited similar semen quality parameters. After initial semen evaluation, pooled samples were extended with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender containing no supplement (control) or 10 or 40 microg/mL vitamin E and then stored at 4 degrees C with constant aeration for 24 h. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malonaldehyde (MDA) in aliquots (50 x 10(6) sperm) of fresh (0 h) and stored (24 h) semen. Sperm mobility was also evaluated. A total of 176 hens (8 hens/tom pair; 4 hens/0 h, 4 hens/24 h) were inseminated (150 x 10(6) sperm) weekly for 6 wk, and fertility was determined after 7 d of incubation. Initial MDA values of the 22 tom pairs ranged from 0.928 to 1.36 uM. Males varied in production of MDA during in vitro storage, with most pairs exhibiting a threefold increase. Results indicated that supplemental vitamin E did not reduce lipid peroxidation during liquid storage. Not surprisingly, artificial insemination with stored semen (with much higher MDA values) yielded lower fertility rates than control regardless of the presence of vitamin E. These results demonstrate that lipid peroxidation is a significant factor affecting the fertility of stored turkey sperm and that methods to prevent or reduce lipid peroxidation remain to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Preservation and artificial insemination of sexed semen in sheep.

Sperm-sexing technology using flow cytometry is in advanced stages of development for the sperm of several species. The sorting process could compromise sperm viability and sperm require specific handling procedures both before and after sorting to maintain the integrity and function of the sorted sperm. Standard freezing protocols have been modified for post-sorting cryopreservation of sperm and frozen sperm have been successfully thawed, sorted, refrozen and subsequently used to produce offspring. The relatively low numbers of available sorted sperm have, in some cases, led to modification of artificial insemination techniques to maximise efficiency of use. Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, or in vitro fertilisation and associated technology, may lead to the more efficient use of sexed sperm.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effect of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin after artificial insemination on concentrations of progesterone and conception rates in beef heifers.

The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of hCG approximately 5 d after AI would increase plasma progesterone concentrations and conception rates in beef heifers. Heifers from two locations (Location 1: n = 347, BW = 367 +/- 1.72 kg; Location 2: n = 246, BW = 408 +/- 2.35 kg) received melengestrol acetate (0.5 mg.heifer(-1).d(-1)) for 14 d and an injection of PGF2alpha (25 mg i.m.) 19 d later. Heifers were observed for estrus continuously during daylight from d 0 to 4.5 after PGF2alpha and artificially inseminated approximately 12 h after the onset of estrus. Half of the heifers inseminated at Location 1 were assigned randomly to receive an injection of hCG (3,333 IU i.m.) 8 d after PGF2alpha, and a blood sample was collected from all heifers 14 d after PGF2alpha for progesterone analysis. Half of the heifers inseminated at Location 2 were administered hCG on d 9 after PGF2alpha, and a blood sample was collected from all heifers 17 d after PGF2alpha. Heifers at Location 1 had a 94% synchronization rate, exhibited estrus 2.45 +/- 0.03 d after PGF2alpha, and received hCG 5.55 +/- 0.03 d after AI. Heifers at Location 2 had an 85% synchronization rate, exhibited estrus 2.69 +/- 0.03 d after PGF2alpha, and received hCG 6.31 +/- 0.03 d after AI. Progesterone concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) for hCG-treated heifers than for controls at both locations (8.6 vs. 4.6 ng/mL for treatment vs. control at Location 1, and 11.2 vs. 5.6 ng/mL for treatment vs. control at Location 2). Pregnancy status was determined by ultrasound approximately 50 d after AI. Conception rates (65 vs. 70% for treatment vs. control, respectively) did not differ at Location 1. Conception rates tended (P = 0.10) to be increased with hCG treatment at Location 2 (61 vs. 50% for treatment vs. control, respectively). A second experiment was conducted with 180 heifers at a third location to determine the effects of hCG administration 6 d after timed insemination at approximately 60 h after PGF2alpha in heifers synchronized as in Exp. 1. Pregnancy rate to timed AI did not differ between hCG-treated (62%) and control heifers (59%). Final pregnancy rate after timed AI and bull exposure (92%) was not affected by treatment. In summary, administration of hCG 5 to 6 d after AI did not improve conception or pregnancy rates at two out of three locations evaluated, suggesting insufficient progesterone is not a major factor contributing to early pregnancy failure in beef heifers.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Artificial insemination outcomes in beef females using bovine sperm with a detectable fertility-associated antigen.

In this study, semen samples from 25 bulls that had passed a breeding soundness evaluation were analyzed for the presence or absence of a 31-kDa protein, known as fertility-associated antigen (FAA), on spermatozoal membranes. Eighteen bulls had FAA on sperm (FAA-positive) and seven were devoid of FAA on sperm (FAA-negative). A single ejaculate from each bull was extended and frozen with 25 to 30 x 10(6) sperm in .5-mL straws. Crossbred replacement heifers (n = 865) were estrus-synchronized and artificially inseminated either at timed AI or 12 h after they were detected in estrus. Mature cows (n = 285) were inseminated 12 h after they were detected in estrus during a 45-d AI period. Pregnancy rates (pooled) to first AI service for females (n = 764) inseminated with FAA-positive sperm were 65.6% and were 49.7% for females (n = 386) inseminated with FAA-negative sperm (P < .005). Among the estrus-synchronized replacement heifers, pregnancy rates to synchronized AI service for heifers (n = 550) inseminated with FAA-positive sperm were 62% and were 45.7% for heifers (n = 315) inseminated with FAA-negative sperm (P < .005). These data indicate that pregnancy rates to first AI service at spontaneous and synchronized estrus are higher when using semen from bulls with detectable FAA on spermatozoal membranes compared to semen from bulls devoid of FAA on membranes. Fertility-associated antigen is an important determinant for fertility potential of sperm from bulls to be used in AI breeding programs.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Performance and behaviour of rabbit does in a group-housing system with natural mating or artificial insemination.

This study compared reproductive performance and behaviour of does raised in a group-housing system and in a regular cage system. The group-housing pen was divided into different functional areas for suckling, resting, and eating and special hiding areas for kits when they had left the nest-boxes and does to favour the species specific behavioural traits. Does had access to their nest-box by means of an individual Electronic Nest-box Recognition System (ENRS) activated by a coded transponder placed in their eartags. Eight does were housed in each pen. Natural mating (NM, with a buck in the group) or artificial inseminations (AI) were applied. Litter size, kit mortality and kit weight at 14 d of age were similar for group-housing and cages when NM were applied. With a natural reproduction rhythm group-housing led to an increase of +38% of litters. However, from a management point of view, a cycled production system with AI is preferred. With AI and group-housing, a lower kindling rate and a lower kit weight at weaning were found. The lower kindling rate was partly caused by pseudo-pregnancies that were found in 23% (P < 0.01) of the does in the group-housing system against 0% in the control group. Sixteen to 20% of the does in the group-housing system had skin injuries, which is an indicator for aggression among does. Most of the injuries were seen on the body and most of them were superficial bites. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that group-housing of rabbit does seems possible, but more research is needed to solve the problems of the decreased kindling rate and occurrence of pseudo-pregnancies, the lower weight at weaning and aggressiveness among does.

Aggression↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of two estrus-synchronization protocols and timed artificial insemination in dairy cattle.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Ovsynch protocol with and without exogenous progesterone on pregnancy rate (PR) in cows in which estrous cycles were previously synchronized with 2 doses of PGF(2alpha) and that were not detected in estrus during the presynchronization period. The study was conducted in Chihuahua, Mexico (8,650 Holstein milking cows; 305-d mature equivalent milk yield = 13,790 kg). On d 47 postpartum, estrous cycles in cows were synchronized by using 2 doses of PGF(2alpha) 14 d apart. Any cow detected in estrus during this presynchronization period was inseminated. Cows not detected in estrus were selected at random and assigned to receive progesterone supplementation or to serve as controls. Controls (n = 594) were subjected to the Ovsynch protocol and cows in the progesterone supplemented treatment (n = 594) were subjected to the Ovsynch protocol plus an intravaginal insert containing 1.9 g of progesterone inserted at the time of the first GnRH injection and removed 7 d later. Progesterone-supplemented cows had a greater PR (31.2%) compared with controls (22.7%). Plasma progesterone concentrations at artificial insemination (AI) were <1 ng/mL and did not differ between treatments. At 14 d post-AI, however, more cows that received progesterone supplementation had concentrations of progesterone >1 ng/mL compared with controls. It was concluded that after a presynchronization period, cows subjected to the Ovsynch program and supplemented with exogenous progesterone had a greater PR and greater concentrations of progesterone after AI than those subjected to the Ovsynch protocol and not supplemented with progesterone.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of timing of artificial insemination on gender ratio in beef cattle.

It was recently reported that cows inseminated at approximately 10 or 20 h before an expected ovulation deliver predominately a bull or heifer calf, respectively. The objective of this study was to further investigate the effect of timing of insemination on the gender of offspring in cattle. Angus heifers (n = 41) and cows (n = 98) were used in the study. Heifers were synchronized with a 16-d treatment of melengestrol acetate followed 17 d later with an injection of PGF2alpha. Cows were synchronized with GnRH followed 7 d later with PGF2alpha. A HeatWatch electronic estrus detection system was used to determine the onset of estrus. Based on previous studies, it was assumed that ovulation occurs approximately 32 h after the onset of estrus. Therefore, animals were artificially inseminated at either 8 to 10 h (early; > or = 20 h before expected ovulation) or 20 to 25 h (late; < or = 10 h before expected ovulation) after the onset of estrus. Sixty to 80 d after insemination, ultrasonography was used to confirm pregnancy status and to determine the gender of fetuses. Gender of calves was subsequently confirmed at calving. Data were analyzed for effects of time of insemination and sire or semen batch on gender ratio, as well as any effect of length and/or intensity of estrus on conception rate and gender ratio. Twenty-nine of 41 heifers and 69 of 98 cows were detected in estrus after synchronization and were inseminated; 20 of 29 heifers and 48 of 69 cows were subsequently confirmed pregnant. Neither the length of estrus nor its intensity (number of mounts) had an effect on pregnancy rate or gender ratio (P > or = 0.418). Timing of insemination (early versus late) had no effect on gender ratio (P = 0.887). Semen from 13 sires representing 17 lots was used to inseminate the cows and heifers. No differences (P = 0.494) were detected in the gender ratios resulting from different sires or semen batches. In contrast to previous findings, our results indicate that inseminating beef cattle at approximately 20 or 10 h before an expected ovulation does not alter the gender ratio of the resultant calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Artificial insemination using the husband's frozen sperm in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia after bone marrow transplantation].

A 37-year-old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was scheduled to receive a bone marrow allograft from an HLA-matching sibling. He was married without children, and desired to have a child in the future. Sperm was collected before transplantation and frozen for preservation. Induction therapy performed using 8 mg/kg of busulfan, 120 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, splenic irradiation (4.5Gy), and total body irradiation (10Gy), and then allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was carried out. His post-transplantation course was uneventful and cyclosporin therapy was finished on day 187. The Philadelphia chromosome disappeared on day 20 after BMT and PCR analysis was negative for the bcr/abl rearrangement, suggesting the possibility of cure. Accordingly, artificial insemination was attempted using the frozen sperm. His wife became pregnant after the 4th attempt and a healthy baby was delivered. Transplantation recipients often become sterile because they receive ultra-high doses of chemotherapy and irradiation. However, it is still possible to have children if sperm or ova are preserved prior to transplantation. This is thought to improve the quality of life after BMT.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Concentration of viable spermatozoa for artificial insemination.

Glass wool microfiber code 112 (approximately 30 mg) was gently packed to a depth of 3 mm in a 3-ml disposable syringe barrel. The column was rinsed repeatedly with Tyrode solution to remove loose glass wool fibers. Approximately 0.3 to 0.5 ml of concentrated spermatozoa (after centrifugation of semen at 500 X g for 5 minutes) was layered over the wet column and allowed to filter by gravity. The filtered spermatozoa demonstrated a significantly higher (P less than 0.001) mean percentage of motility, progressive motility, sperm unstained by eosin Y dye, and sperm with functionally intact membranes. Although there was a considerable loss of sperm, the filtered specimen contained all viable spermatozoa present before filtration. Therefore, it appears that this procedure yields a high percentage of viable spermatozoa, potentially capable of fertilization, for use in in vitro fertilization or, possibly, artificial insemination.

Cell Separation↗