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PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of the method for obtaining feces from triatominae in the assessment of triatomine susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi].

Two patients on the acute phase of Chagas' disease were submitted to xenodiagnosis examination with different species of triatomine bugs, in order to study bug susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi. Species used were Dipetalogaster maximus, Rhodnius neglectus, R. prolixus, R. robustus, Triatoma infestans and T. rubrovaria. Both the number of infected bugs, and the number of excreted trypanosomes by bug, were used as parameters for evaluation of species susceptibility. Xenodiagnosis reading was performed by two methods, the classic abdominal compression and the spontaneous dejection method; this was more efficient than the former in relation to the number of parasites per wet smear (by Wilcoxon test). When susceptibility was evaluated by the number of infected bugs, in one of the patients all D. maximus and R. neglectus became infected (100%), 95% of R. robustus, 90% of R. prolixus and T. rubrovaria, and 85% of T. infestans. When evaluation was performed through the number of excreted parasites in this patient with reading by abdominal compression, the higher susceptibility was with R. neglectus, followed by R. prolixus, D. maximus and R. robustus, T. infestans and T. rubrovaria; reading by spontaneous dejection yielded better results for D. maximus and R. prolixus followed by T. rubrovaria, R. robustus, T. infestans and R. neglectus. For the other patient susceptibility evaluated by the number of excreted parasites was similar by both reading methods and did show the same susceptibility pattern (R. neglectus and then T. rubrovaria and T. infestans), but the number of excreted trypanosomes was much higher by the spontaneous dejection method.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The evaluation of the effect of formol and sodium hypochlorite on the demonstration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in feces by Heine's method].

Cryptosporidium oocysts were searched by Heine's method in stools of nine calves with cryptosporidiosis after stool treatment with two disinfectants, 10% paraformaldehyde solution and 14.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. After 30 minutes exposition to sodium hypochlorite solution oocysts became non refractile and acquired a reddish tinge, making their identification difficult. No morphological alterations occurred in oocysts after paraformaldehyde treatment. We recommend paraformaldehyde at 10% concentration as means of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inactivation for routine use in stool examinations and therefore making safer those type of procedures for laboratory personnel, when using Heine's method.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp in feces: comparison of the modified Kinyoun and Heine methods].

The diagnosis of intestinal infection by Cryptosporidium sp is crucial today; with the progression of the AIDS epidemic, many cases of cryptosporidiosis have appeared in this setting and in other immunodeficiency diseases. We compared the advantages and disadvantages of Heine's method and modified Kinyoun's method in the following parameters: morphology of the parasite, quantitation of cysts, stability of the staining characteristics timewise on the slides and time spend at staining. All positive fecal smears were obtained from patients with AIDS. The sensitivity of these two techniques was the same. The choice should be made by the best aspects of each method. Heine's was better for quantitation of the cysts and was faster. Kinyoun's was better for conserving the stained smear.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Temporal distribution of electrophoretic profiles of nucleic acid from rotavirus in the feces of children in Belém, Pará, Brazil].

Electrophoresis of rotavirus RNA in polyacrylamide gel was carried out by using faecal samples collected from children living in the peripheral area of Belém, Brazil. Typical rotavirus profiles (eleven bands) were noted in 46(76.7%) out of 60 ELISA rotavirus positive specimens. According to the electrophoretic patterns, 5(10.9%) were classified as subgroup I, while 41(89.1%) of them as subgroup II. Lacking of bands 10 and 11 in 14(23.3%) samples did not allow us to classify their electropherotypes. The profile coded as "1N2L" was the predominant one, accounting for 65.2% of the classified strains.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed2000

Purification of first-stage larvae of Elaphostrongylus cervi (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) from feces.

Parasites are often found in a milieu that requires extensive preparation and labor-intensive cleaning before they are suitable for use in analytical procedures. Application of modern techniques in immunology and molecular biology demands pure yields of parasites. To purify first-stage (L1) larvae of Elaphostrongylus cervi, fecal suspensions from an infected red deer were processed by the Baermann method and embedded in a gel matrix with the objective of selectively trapping fecal debris. About half the number (50.9%) of embedded larvae migrated out of the gel within a 24-hr period and were collected as clean parasite suspensions, virtually free from fecal debris. The numbers of L1 emigrating from gels were inversely proportional to the fecal debris content and the thickness of the gel. Removal of fecal debris from Baermann fluid by sieving prior to gel embedment enhanced the yield of pure L1.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Detection of antibodies to a recombinant Cryptosporidium parvum p23 in serum and feces from neonatal calves.

Passive transfer of maternal antibodies via colostrum is important to protect newborn ruminants against microbial pathogens. In this study, 10 sets of calf serum, a sample of the colostrum fed to the calf, and serial fecal samples through the first 6 days after birth were collected from arbitrarily selected newborn Holstein heifers. A recombinant Cryptosporidium parvum p23, termed rC7, was used to determine whether anti-C. parvum antibodies can be detected in clinically normal neonates. The results demonstrated that serum, the associated colostrum, and fecal samples contained anti-rC7 antibodies. IgM and IgG1 anti-rC7 tended to be present in highest titers. The presence of specific antibodies to C. parvum was confirmed using Western blots of purified sporozoite membranes probed with serum and colostral whey. Collectively, the results indicated that neonatal calves had antibodies to C. parvum as early as 1 day after birth and suggested that the antibodies were passively transferred.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Doppler sonography evaluation of superior mesenteric artery flow to assess Crohn's disease activity: correlation with clinical evaluation, Crohn's disease activity index, and alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance in feces.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the value of Doppler flow measurements of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) as a marker for disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Duplex Doppler sonography measurements of SMA blood flow volume were obtained in 29 consecutive patients with suspected Crohn's disease. We prospectively sought a correlation between the independent assessment of Doppler flow measurements and markers for disease activity: Crohn's disease activity index and fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance and our reference standard based on clinical history, physical examination, laboratory values, endoscopy, surgery, and follow-up. RESULTS: In 27 of 29 patients, adequate measurements of SMA blood flow were obtained. In 15 patients no disease activity was judged to be present or no Crohn's disease (n = 2) was found at follow-up (group 1). In 12 patients, activity of Crohn's disease was diagnosed (group 2) on the basis of the reference standard. In group 2 the Doppler SMA blood flow values were significantly higher (p < .05) than those for group 1 (826 +/- 407 ml/min versus 323 +/- 103 ml/min). Of the other parameters investigated, only the alpha 1-antitrypsin value correlated with the reference standard but to a lesser degree than the values for SMA blood flow measurement. CONCLUSION: This prospective study shows that SMA Doppler blood flow measurements can be used to assess disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease. This approach may be of value in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease, providing directly available, quantifiable, noninvasive information on disease activity.

Adult↗