Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EXPECTORANTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Disorders in the hypophysis-adrenal and hypophysis-thyroid systems of patients with acute pneumonia and the ways for their therapeutic correction].

Using RIA, 188 patients with acute pneumonia were examined over time for the blood ACTH, cortisol, TTH, T3 and T4 content as well as for T4/T3, TTH/T3 and TTH/T4 correlations. Under discussion are causes, approaches to the prevention and correction of the hormonal disorders revealed in the pituitary-adrenal system in patients with an unfavourable course of pneumonia. The majority of the patients manifested thyroid hypofunction and TTH hypersecretion, which remained unchanged even during the clinical recovery, since the first days of the disease. It is advisable that microdoses of thyroidine may be included into the multimodality treatment of patients afflicted with acute pneumonia and iodine-containing expectorants excluded from it.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Post-thoracotomy antalgic treatment].

The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a simple technique used for producing analgesia during any thoracic operation. Its principle consists in peroperative local anesthesia of the nervous trunk in the intercostal space exposed by the surgeon. Methods 17 patients had peridural anesthesia via a multi-hole catheter, and received a bolus injection of 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine, with subsequent continuous drip injections by electric needle, at a rate of 50 mg/hr. Results This treatment induced no side effects. Although not complete, analgesia allowed the patient to cough and expectorate without experiencing pain block. This permits to avoid, to the greatest extent, occurrence of postoperative atelectasia and provides for carrying out very prompt, effective chest physical therapy.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1990

[Preliminary therapeutic observation in 82 cases of pulmonary infarction].

The therapeutic effects on pulmonary infarction in 82 cases were reported. The cases were divided into 2 groups: trial group of 60 cases treated with heparin and Chinese herbal medicine Qing Fei decoction (QFD) and control group with antibiotics, cough-remedy, expectorant and treatment for symptomatic relief. The results showed that the resolution rate of pulmonary infarction in the trial group was higher than that of the other group (P less than 0.01). The fading phase of the infarction appeared earlier in the trial group than that in the control group (P less than 0.01). Thrombophlebitis and venous thrombosis were cured simultaneously and the recurrence rate was lower in the trial group than that in the control. Evidences showed that heparin combined with QFD has a excellent effects on the treatment of pulmonary infarction.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1986

[Tuberculosis control in Malawi. Time distribution of cessation of treatment and proposals for reorientation of the program].

In Kasungu district (Malaŵi), the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are admitted in the district hospital for two months and then referred to the private organization LEPRA for further ambulatory treatment. Out of 73 patients found with positive expectoration for AAFB during 8 months, 54 were actually referred to LEPRA, 4 were sent to another hospital on died, and 15 defaulted. Later on 15% of the patients referred to LEPRA were lost to follow up during one year. 2/3 of defaulting happened during the 2 first months of the treatment. Furthermore the infectious patients case finding rate is likely to be very low. Those observations lead to propose three prioritary actions to improve tuberculosis control: case finding amelioration, relinquishment of compulsory long duration admissions, and integration of the tuberculosis care network into the general health system.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

[Embolization in the therapy of hemoptysis. The results of a combination of Spongostan/sclerosing drugs and the role of electrocoagulation].

The author's purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic embolization in pulmonary hemorrhage performed with fibrin foam (Spongostan) suspended in sclerosing agents (hydroxy-polyethoxy-dodecane 3%, or natrium morruate 5%), and electrocoagulation (Biotrol, spa) as an alternative to surgery. Twenty patients were embolized: 17 with fibrin foam and sclerosing agents only, 2 with the addition of electrocoagulation and a Gianturco coil respectively, and 1 with electrocoagulation alone. The follow-up ranges from 3 to 42 months (average 22). A patient affected by aspergilloma died a few days after hemoptysis. The patient treated by electrocoagulation alone suffers from periodical hematic expectoration (spitting). The remaining 18 patients have not shown any pathological findings. In 2 cases the arterial occlusion was confirmed by angiography, while in 1 case partial arterial recanalization was observed. Such a finding was due to the vessel dimensions and to hyperflux values. In similar cases, obstruction must be completed by different techniques (e.g. Gianturco coils, electrocoagulation, detachable balloons, etc.). The absence of flux resulting from embolization improves electrocoagulation efficiency, which should be considered as the technique of choice. Even though additional trials are needed, the techniques have proven quite reliable and suitable to replace surgery in low-aggression lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Studies on the techniques of topical application with fluoride gel. III: Oral fluoride retention following three different topical application techniques in young adults.

Eighteen young adults volunteered to be subjects for topical fluoride gel application using the paint-on technique with cotton pellets and two tray techniques with improved sponge tray and a custom-fitted tray. The subjects' teeth were dried with compressed air, and the fluoride gel was applied topically for four minutes. The amounts of fluoride applied and/or recovered from the mouth were measured, and those retained in the mouth were also estimated for each technique. Furthermore, the amounts of excessive gel that were wiped off with a gauze and expectorated one minute after application were also evaluated, and these efforts were effective in reducing the amounts of oral fluoride retention. The net amounts of fluoride that were orally retained in each technique were very small (1.6 to 3.0 mg). It was found that the application techniques in the present study had no risks of causing some deleterious effects by applying excessively large amounts of fluoride.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The diagnostic yield of prebronchoscopy sputa and bronchial washings in patients with biopsy-proven pulmonary tuberculosis.

We report on a series of 35 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed by flexible fibre-optic bronchoscopy and transbronchial lung biopsy after 3 sputum specimens had been microscopy-negative. This study re-evaluates this invasive procedure. Additional prebronchoscopy specimens of expectorated sputum yielded the diagnosis in 7 of 16 cases (43.8%) on microscopy. Sputum culture results were positive in 12 of 33 (36.4%). Pleural fluid culture was diagnostic in 1 case, and in another miliary tuberculosis was demonstrated on bone marrow trephine biopsy. The availability of these results could therefore have obviated the need for bronchoscopy in 14 of the 35 patients (40%). Bronchial washings were positive for acid-fast bacilli on microscopic examination in 13 of 34 cases (38.2%) and culture-positive in only 18 of 34 (52.9%), and should therefore not be the sole procedure utilised when bronchoscopy is performed. Transbronchial lung biopsy remains a valuable procedure to confirm pulmonary tuberculosis in patients whose sputum is culture-negative for mycobacteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of epidural injection with morphine on the post-thoracotomy respiratory function].

Patients undergoing thoracotomy experience severe post-operative pain and marked respiratory impairment, which causes pulmonary atelectasis and pneumonia. The effects of epidural injection on postoperative pain and respiratory function were examined in this study. The group undergoing epidural injection of 3 mg morphine (at the end of operation, 09oo and 21oo for the next 3 days) included 37 patients, while the control group involved 16. The number of required analgesics on the operating day and next three days were compared between the two groups. And postoperative vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), maximum mean flow (MMF) were compared with preoperative value. Patients receiving epidural morphine required significantly less analgesics throughout the postoperative periods (p less than 0.01). The morphine injected group had significantly better value in VC and FEV1 in the first two postoperative day (p less than 0.01), while significance were seen only in the first postoperative day in MMF (p less than 0.01). It seems that epidural morphine is highly effective in alleviating pain and improving respiratory function in post-thoracotomy patients. These effects help the expectoration of sputum especially in senile patients. As the side-effects of epidural morphine, urinary retention, nausea, vomiting and itching were seen in few patients. No serious side effect such as hypotension or ventilatory depression were seen.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Pulmonary sequestration].

Pulmonary sequestration was observed in 7 patients at the age of from 14 to 46 years. Diagnosis can be suspected in frequently repeated pneumonia without pronounced purulent intoxication and cough with expectoration, which are supposed in patients according to the findings of roentgenologic study. Aberrant vessels deviated from intercostal arteries of the thoracic and abdominal aorta.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Fritillaria in Hubei. X. Isolation and identification of alkaloids from Fritillaria ebeiensis var.purpurea G.D.Yu et P.Li].

The bulb of Fritillaria ebeiensis var. purpurea G.D. Yu et P. Li (Liliaceae) are commercially available as the substitute for the principal Chinese traditional medicine "Beimu". This plant is easily cultivated, has high alkaloid content and conspicuous antitussive and expectorant effects. Seven C-nor-D-homo steroidal alkaloids (I-VII) were isolated from the bulb cultivated in Suizhou district, Hubei. I-IV have been identified as the known alkaloids peimine, peiminine, ebeinine and ebeinone on the basis of spectral data and by TLC and mixed mp comparison with authentic samples. The alkaloid VI, C27H43NO2, mp 186-188 degrees C, named ziebeimine, is a new alkaloid isolated from the title plant. The structure of VI has been established as 5 alpha, 14 alpha-cevanine-13, 17-dehydro-3 alpha, 6 beta-diol on the basis of its IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectra. The structure of alkaloids V and VII is still under investigation.

Cevanes↗
PubMed1989

[Radiological observation on the workers exposed to vanadium].

The roentgenologic findings of 76 workers exposed to vanadium were presented. The chest X-ray showed increase in lung markings in 58 cases, diffuse streaks and reticular shadows in 15 cases, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical features of the 71 workers were as follows: 63 cases had coughs, 53 cases had coughs with expectorations, 27 cases showed difficulty in breathing, and 31 cases had wheezing or whistling sounds in the lungs. The workers were exposed to vanadium pentoxide fume at concentration ranging from 1.2 to 18 mg/m3 and dust from 1.27 to 27.7 mg/m3.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Electroencephalographical analysis of acute drug intoxication--SS Bron solution-W.

Disturbances of the central nervous system due to abuse of SS Bron solution-W (B-solution), an antitussive and expectorant containing dihydrocodeine and other constituents, were studied in rabbits. Animals were given 20 ml/kg of B-solution orally at 4 hour intervals for 8 hours or more, and changes in the electroencephalograms (EEGs) from the reticular formation(RF), hippocampus(Hpc) and sensorimotor cortex(Cm) were examined. The following results were obtained. About 3 hours after administration of B-solution, the EEG from the Hpc showed low voltage, slow wave, the heart rate decreased rapidly, and the respiratory rate increased. After about 7 to 7.5 hours, the EEG from the Cm showed slow wave hypersynchrony and stimulation of the RF with square pulses of 2.0 V induced slight arousal reactions in the Cm and Hpc. The blood pressure and respiratory rate decreased, and ECG changes indicated atrial flutter-fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Power-spectrum array analysis indicated increase of slow frequency discharges in the EEGs from all regions. The slow wave hypersynchrony of the EEG from the Cm and slow wave, low voltage of the EEG from the Hpc seemed to be associated with hallucination and delusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The uremic lung].

27 cases of uremia with abnormal appearances on the chest films were analysed. The results showed that the clinical features were cough, expectoration dyspnea and hemoptysis. However, the degree of these symptoms was relatively mild as judged from the amount of pulmonary edema found on the chest films. The chest X-ray finding in these group of patients were characterized by pulmonary blood stasis, interstitial edema of the lung and edematous alveoli. The pathogenesis of uremic lung was said to be related to blood urea nitrogen and creatinine retention and the concurrent presence of left side heart failure may also play a role. Hemodialysis and other comprehensive treatments could help the patients with uremic lung for relief the symptoms. But the fundamental managements to improve the prognosis for this disease are early treatment of the primary renal diseases, in order to prevent the occurrence of renal failure. Kidney transplantation should be advised.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A controlled study on the action of a new formulation of ambroxol in asthmatiform bronchitis in children].

A comparison between the action of Ambroxol and Acetylcysteine was carried out in 28 children aged 2 to 13 (mean 7 years 3 months) affected with spastic bronchitis. 14 patients were treated daily for 10 days by the oral route with 30 mg of Ambroxol (2 sachets) and 14 with 200-300 mg of Acetylcysteine (2-3 sachets). Quantity and quality of sputum, difficulty in expectorating, cough, dyspnea, bronchial bruits, were assessed before the treatment, 5 days into it and at the end. Both drugs were effective and well tolerated, but Ambroxol proved to be more rapid in achieving a satisfactory improvement than Acetylcysteine.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1989

Fifteen years of experience on the use of Libexin tablets.

The antitussive Libexin was synthesized in the Research Laboratory of CHINOIN Pharmaceutical and Chemical Works Ltd., Budapest. Observations of the drug in different disease groups have been surveyed on the basis of data published over more than twenty years. According to the unanimous opinion of the authors the drug does not depress respiration, it rather improves the values of the respiratory function. The majority of the examining physicians are on the opinion that it does not hinder expectoration. The drug proved to be of high value in alleviating nocturnal coughing controlling spastic bronchitis in children, as a pretreatment before bronchological examinations and their anaesthesia. It may successfully be used in both acute and chronic bronchitises in preoperative and postoperative cases, in cardiology, otorhinolaryngology and paediatrics.

Antitussive Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of the severe asthma attack and status asthmaticus].

For the treatment of severe attacks of asthma, too, inhalable beta 2-sympathomimetic agents form the basis of drug therapy. It is, further, necessary to apply these agents systemically together with theophylline, the best approach to pre-status and status asthmaticus being continuous i.v. application following a bolus administration (dose of beta 2-sympathomimetic 0.04 mg/kg x min, for theophylline 10-15 micrograms/kg x min). Furthermore, 50-200 mg prednisolone equivalent are administered i.v. Secretolysis and increased expectoration are ensured by a copious supply of liquids, inhalation of saline mists, administration of acetyl cysteine or ambroxol, together with physical-therapeutic measures. Also important is the administration of oxygen and the calming of the anxious, agitated patient by adopting a relaxed, calm approach and devoting the patient sufficient attention. The uncritical use of sedatives (cave: depressive effect on respiration) is to be rejected. If, despite increasing the dose of the beta 2-sympathomimetic agent (approx. 0.06 micrograms/kg x min), no improvement is seen after 1-2 hours, or if global respiratory failure develops or exhaustion of the respiratory musculature is threatening, intensive monitoring and care should be initiated. If necessary, the patient is intubated and ventilated; in therapy-refractory situations, bronchoalveolar lavage should be employed as an adjunctive measure.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1989

A trial of inhaled budesonide on airway responsiveness in smokers with chronic bronchitis.

The aim of the present randomized, double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of inhaled budesonide on daily symptoms, ventilatory capacity, and airway responsiveness in smokers with chronic bronchitis. Twenty-five subjects with a provocative concentration producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second PC20(FEV1) less than 2.0 mg.ml-1, by bronchial histamine challenge, were included. Eighteen subjects accomplished the entire 12 week study, eight receiving inhaled budesonide 400 micrograms b.i.d. and ten receiving placebo. Cough decreased significantly in the actively treated group during the treatment period, but no change could be demonstrated in expectoration, dyspnoea, or sleep disturbances. No changes in any of these symptoms were found in the placebo group, and no differences in symptoms scores were found between the groups. No significant differences in ventilatory capacity or bronchial responsiveness could be demonstrated. In conclusion, a moderately high dose of inhaled steroid in eight subjects with chronic bronchitis did not improve the symptom scores, ventilatory capacity, or airway responsiveness to any clinically relevant degree.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Clinical efficacy of Broncho-Vaxom in adult patients with chronic purulent sinusitis--a multi-centric, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

This study was designed to test the clinical effectiveness of Broncho-Vaxom (an orally applicable bacterial lysate) in a large number of adult patients suffering from chronic purulent sinusitis. Broncho-Vaxom or placebo was administered to 284 patients presenting with chronic purulent sinusitis within the bounds of a multicentric, randomized double-blind study. Patients were clinically examined before admittance to the study and at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after treatment initiation (one capsule daily for a period of 10 days per month during 3 consecutive months). The sinuses were x-rayed before and at 3 and 6 months after therapy began. Patients assessed the severity of their symptoms on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 = no symptoms, 1 = light symptoms, 2 = moderate symptoms, 3 = severe symptoms, 4 = very severe symptoms. The average severity score for coughing during the course of Broncho-Vaxom therapy decreased in the third month of treatment from 2.34 before treatment to 0.85, compared to placebo before treatment (2.41) and after treatment (1.24). The score decreased further to 0.61 in the sixth month after the initiation of Broncho-Vaxom therapy, with no further decrease as a result of placebo therapy (1.25). Comparable average score courses for expectorations and headache also occurred. In the first month of Broncho-Vaxom therapy, a decrease was already apparent in the severity of the main sinusitis symptom: purulent nasal discharge. The score was 1.55 in the first month of Broncho-Vaxom treatment compared to 1.80 in the placebo group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗