Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Distemper”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Comparison of the detection of Giardia intestinalis cysts with the presence of specific antibodies in dogs and cats].

We investigated giardiosis of dogs and cats with a view to cysts in fecal samples and antibodies in the blood serum. Cysts were found in 25 fecal samples (5.5%) out of 458. Cysts were excreted frequently in puppies and adolescent dogs. In 15 cases giardiosis was diagnosed together with canine distemper or parvovirosis as an opportunic infection. Indirect immunofluorescence was used for detection of specific antibodies. We tested sera of 588 dogs and specific antibodies were detected in 156 cases (36.5%) in titres 10-160. In basic dilution 1:10 antibodies were detected in 61% positive samples. Titres 20-160 were found in 39% of the positive sera. In cats cysts were found only in 1 fecal sample out of 135 due to the difficulties in obtaining fecal samples for repeated examinations. Specific antibodies were detected in 107 cats (56.9%) out of 188 at titres 10-320. In basic dilution 1-10 antibodies were detected only in 30% of the positive sera but on the other hand in 70% we detected higher titres, i.e. 20-320. We did not consider titre 10 as significantly positive in both dogs and cats because cross-parasitic infections frequently occur. The number of serological positive dogs and cats grew with their age because they acquired giardiosis in the course of their life mostly as asymptomatic infection. The detection of specific antibodies cannot be used for the diagnosis because their level in blood serum persists for months. We must tread every dog and cat excreting cysts in fecal samples to stop transmission to other animals and humans-zoonosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of feline panleukopenia virus infection on development of humoral and cellular immunity.

Cats were infected with feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) at various ages pre- and post-parturition. All fetuses infected at 35 days of gestation from one queen and a single fetus infected at 45 days of gestation from a second queen had a significant delay in time of skin allograft rejection. Older fetuses and newborn kittens infected with FPLV did not show this delay in rejection time. Adult cats infected with FPLV demonstrated a significant decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness to two T cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A, however there was no significant decrease in lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen, a T cell and B cell mitogen. Primary and secondary antibody responses to rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) were not affected by FPLV infection. The results suggest that FPLV has its primary immunosuppressive effect on T cell activity. This effect does not appear to be as severe as that observed for feline leukemia virus of kittens nor as for canine distemper virus in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Quarantine to be abolished for dogs and cats. New regulations for import of pets from EU/EFTA countries].

Owing to its natural geographical borders and strict import restrictions, Sweden has remained free from rabies since 1886. New regulations are to come into force on May 1st, 1994, permitting pet dogs and cats from EU-EFTA countries to enter Sweden without quarantine, but only after vaccination against rabies and subsequent antibody titre control. Dogs should be at least three months old before vaccination, and cats 14 months old. Antibody titres are to be tested no earlier than four months after vaccination, though in cases of re-vaccination they may be checked already after one month for dogs and after four months for cats. The rabies antibody titre should be at least 0.5 IU to permit entry of the animal into Sweden. The owner will be required to show a Swedish import permit at customs, and some means of identifying the animal will be necessary--e.g., a tattoo in the ear. Other zoonoses could also be introduced into the country by imported animals, the most feared being echinococcosis and leptospirosis. The new regulations stipulate that, in addition to being vaccinated against canine distemper, dogs should also have been vaccinated against leptospirosis less than 12 months before entry in Sweden. This does not apply to cats, but both dogs and cats should have been dewormed less than ten days before entry or re-entry into Sweden. Although the new system should effectively prevent the introduction of rabies into Sweden, an increased demand by the public for information and advice is expected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Retrovirus-mediated gene transduction into canine peripheral blood repopulating cells.

Genetically marked peripheral blood progenitor cells were used to investigate their contribution to long-term hematopoietic reconstitution after autologous marrow and peripheral blood cell transplantation. After autologous marrow harvest and cryopreservation, canine peripheral blood progenitor cells were mobilized in three dogs by treatment with recombinant canine stem cell factor for 8 days. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected and enriched for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen-positive cells by avidin-biotin immunoadsorption, thereby enriching for repopulating cells. Subsequently, the cells were cocultivated for 24 hours on irradiated vector-producing packaging cells (PA317/LN), followed by an 11-day incubation in a vector containing long-term marrow culture system. On the day of transplantation, the animals were irradiated with 9.2 Gy total body irradiation (TBI), and transduced peripheral blood cells and untransduced cryopreserved marrow cells were infused within 2 hours of TBI. All three dogs engrafted. Two dogs are long-term survivors showing intermittently G418-resistant marrow-derived colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage colonies at a median of 1% and 2%, respectively (range, 1% to 10%), for now up to 48 weeks after transplantation. Neo-specific sequences were detected by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood granulocytes for now up to 65 weeks and in peripheral blood lymphocytes for up to 75 weeks after transplantation. Peripheral blood samples of the dogs were free of helper virus and no side effects from the transduction were observed. One of the three dogs died from chronic canine distemper sclerosing encephalitis on day 84, whereas the other two dogs are alive at 15 and 17 months. Our data show successful retroviral transduction of canine peripheral blood repopulating cells. Long-term persistence of marked myeloid and lymphoid cells after transplantation suggests that peripheral blood contains repopulating cells that contribute to long-term hematopoietic reconstitution after otherwise lethal TBI.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Viral epizootic in the marine seal calf (Phoca vitulina) in 1988. Epidemiological aspects].

During the year 1988, an epizootic spread through European populations of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). The first studies shed light on the importance of a new morbillivirus, close to canine distemper virus but different. However, other factors, like pollution by polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds may have played a part in the epizootic by increasing mortality. Up to then virology and pathology of wild populations of seals were not well known. This epizootic was an opportunity to learn about seal virus and their specificity, and to discover some biological and evolutionary implications of such a phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Walker hounds from Virginia.

Trypanosomiasis has been reported in dogs from Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and South Carolina. We describe the first isolation and characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi from a Walker Hound pup in Virginia that also had postvaccinal distemper. The mother of the pup and 7 of its 8 siblings also were found to be infected with T cruzi, suggesting that the parasite had been transmitted transplacentally or through lactation. Parasitologic, serologic, histologic, and molecular methods were used to establish the diagnosis of T cruzi infection in these dogs. In a serologic survey of 12 dogs (including the sire of the pups) from the area in which the index case occurred, none were found to have antibodies to T cruzi. However, 2 of a further 52 dogs from different areas (to the index case), but in the same county, were seropositive to T cruzi. These findings indicate that canine trypanosomiasis is present in an area of the United States not previously known to be enzootic.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Determination of the lifespan of erythrocytes from greyhounds, using an in vitro biotinylation technique.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the RBC lifespan of Greyhounds, using an in vitro labeling technique. DESIGN: RBC from dogs were labeled with NHS-biotin and their disappearance measured over time to determine RBC lifespan. SAMPLE POPULATION: 5 Greyhounds that had been vaccinated against distemper, adenovirus 1 and 2 infections, parainfluenza, leptospirosis, parvovirus, and coronavirus infections, Bordetella bronchiseptica infection, and rabies the previous year; 3 sexually intact 14-month-old Beagles served as controls. PROCEDURE: After venipuncture for CBC, catheters were inserted in the cephalic vein of each dog. Butorphanol was then administered to achieve mild sedation and analgesia, and glycopyrrolate was administered to ensure maintenance of adequate heart rate during phlebotomy. Dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency; blood was removed via jugular venipuncture, using a standard laboratory donor blood bag containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose solution. Blood was transferred aseptically into sterile polystyrene containers and NHS-biotin was added. After incubation, the labeled RBC were reinfused into the dogs and the blood was allowed to recirculate for 1 hour before the first postinfusion sample was taken. At frequent intervals, blood to be analyzed was taken by jugular venipuncture, and the percentage of labeled cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The mean RBC lifespan of non-Greyhounds was significantly longer than that of Greyhounds (104.3 +/- 2.2 days vs 53.6 +/- 6.5 days; P = 0.001). A negative linear correlation was also found between age of the Greyhounds and their RBC lifespan (P = 0.01, R2 = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: The shorter RBC lifespan of the Greyhounds may explain the finding of macrocytosis reported in earlier work. The reason for the shorter RBC lifespan in Greyhounds may be caused by differences in Greyhound RBC membrane structure or accelerated RBC removal from the circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Factors affecting the stability of viral vaccines.

The stability of viral vaccines is determined by the rate of loss of "integrity" of the viral antigen during storage. For live vaccines, such as measles, mumps, rubella, canine distemper, stability is equivalent to the preservation of the infectious titres. For inactivated and subunit vaccines, the preservation of the antigenic structure and the correct steric presentation of the relevant epitopes are the parameters which determine their stability. In general, the following factors may have a negative effect on stability: temperature, pH outside the physiological limits, organic solvents, repeated freezing and thawing, some antiseptics and inactivating agents, and light. However their negative effect is in most cases specific for the individual viruses. Approaches to stabilisation of most vaccines are based on the elimination or neutralisation of the negative factors. Practical examples for the most relevant existing vaccines are described.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1997

Results of a survey to assess knowledge and expectations of veterinarians and their clients regarding heartworm preventives and vaccinations in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge and expectations of veterinarians and clients regarding heartworm preventives and annual vaccinations for dogs. DESIGN: Practitioner and client survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: 435 veterinarians and 1,805 clients. PROCEDURE: A survey was mailed to veterinarians requesting information from them and their dog-owning clients on expectations and knowledge regarding heartworm preventives and annual vaccinations. Responses of veterinarians were compared with those of clients, and both were compared with label indications. RESULTS: Expectations of veterinarians and clients regarding heartworm preventives were similar and usually were consistent with regulatory interpretation of label terms. Of clients purchasing heartworm preventives, 38% did not know that the medication was effective against intestinal nematodes. Veterinarians and clients would be unsatisfied with a product that reduced, but did not eliminate, all intestinal nematodes. Most clients knew that annual vaccinations included distemper virus, parvovirus, and rabies virus, but about half of them did not know that other antigens were in the vaccines. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Effects of heartworm preventives and diseases for which dogs are annually vaccinated should be explained fully to clients.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment results of squint and incorrect fixation in infants].

PURPOSE: Analysis of the results of medical examination and treatment of infants with squint and undeveloped fixation reflex, and with nystagmus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 215 babies with these distempers were classified to the treatment. The children were included into five prophylactic groups: group 1-66 babies with eccentric fixation and without squint or with periodic squint; group 2-60 babies with acentric fixation and with manifested convergent squint at a visual angle from 25 degrees to 45 degrees (average 35 degrees); group 3-55 babies with correct fixation and with manifested convergent squint at a visual angle from 25 degrees to 45 degrees (average 35 degrees), and with divergent squint at a visual angle from 5 degrees to 20 degrees (average 12.5 degrees); group 4-12 babies with correct fixation and with periodic squint; group 5-22 babies with nystagmus. The treatment consisted in wearing spherical and prismatic glasses strictly compensating the squint angle, and in the treatment of eccentric fixation with euthyscope irradiations. The babies with nystagmus were treated conservatively by prisms correcting head arrangement. RESULTS: Eventually the squint angle reduced and fixation reflex in part of all tested groups. In our opinion, the treatment of very small children by localisation method prisms is very useful.

Eyeglasses↗
PubMed1998

[Epidemiology of Paget's disease. Peculiarities in the province of Zamora].

BACKGROUND: Some paramyxovirus (measles, respiratory syncytial virus, and dog's distemper virus) are currently considered to be responsible for Paget's disease of the bone. A relevant role is also given to inheritance as predisposing factor. Some authors have found an association between HLA antigens with this disease, but without unanimous agreement. Although this hypothesis of an interaction between a genetic factor and a viral infectious agent is the most accepted universally, there is not yet a definitive cause for the disease. The participation of some other environmental factors has not been ruled out. METHODS: One hundred and forty patients in the Zamora province were studied. The geographic distribution in the different areas of the province was analyzed and also whether there was family aggregation all cases. HLA-I was determined in 59 patients and HLA-II in cases with aggregation. The mineral composition (calcium, fluorine, magnesium, nitrates, and chlorine) analysis of public running water was carried out in all population centers in the province. RESULTS: Aggregation was found in four families (four, two, four, and three siblings, respectively). Although HLA-I antigens were determined in 59 patients, no association was found. HLA-II antigens were also determined in the involved patients with family links and no association was found between these antigens and the disease. A much higher aggregation was found in some particular areas in our province and these foci coincided with some characteristics of mineral composition of public running waters. CONCLUSIONS: There is a genetic factor predisposing to the disease, as family aggregation occurs with a higher frequency than would otherwise be expected. Nevertheless, no association with HLA antigens was found. This disease is more common in some particular geographic areas, thus supporting the hypothesis of an environmental factor as trigger. An association was found between mineral composition of public running waters and patient geographic distribution.

Causality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

KCS in man is often associated with a systemic disease whose pathogenesis is still obscure. A spontaneous animal model resembling Sjögren's syndrome has been developed in the NZB and NZB-NZW mouse. Other spontaneous animal models analagous to lupus erythematosis and polyarteritis have been found in dogs and Aleutian mink, respectively. Studies of the eyes and lacrimal glands in such animals, and in dogs with distemper, should be pursued. A viral etiology is implicated in each of the models. The roles of both the main and accessory lacrimal glands in normal and KCS eyes have been discussed, as well as drug-induced KCS and opportunities for its further investigation and treatment.

Aleutian Mink Disease↗
PubMed1998

T-cell epitopes in type 1 diabetes autoantigen tyrosine phosphatase IA-2: potential for mimicry with rotavirus and other environmental agents.

The tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 is a molecular target of pancreatic islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. T-cell epitope peptides in autoantigens have potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications, and they may hold clues to environmental agents with similar sequences that could trigger or exacerbate autoimmune disease. We identified 13 epitope peptides in IA-2 by measuring peripheral blood T-cell proliferation to 68 overlapping, synthetic peptides encompassing the intracytoplasmic domain of IA-2 in six at-risk type 1 diabetes relatives selected for HLA susceptibility haplotypes. The dominant epitope, VIVMLTPLVEDGVKQC (aa 805-820), which elicited the highest T-cell responses in all at-risk relatives, has 56% identity and 100% similarity over 9 amino acids (aa) with a sequence in VP7, a major immunogenic protein of human rotavirus. Both peptides bind to HLA-DR4(*0401) and are deduced to present identical aa to the T-cell receptor. The contiguous sequence of VP7 has 75% identity and 92% similarity over 12 aa with a known T-cell epitope in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), another autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. This dominant IA-2 epitope peptide also has 75-45% identity and 88-64% similarity over 8-14 aa to sequences in Dengue, cytomegalovirus, measles, hepatitis C, and canine distemper viruses, and the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. Three other IA-2 epitope peptides are 71-100% similar over 7-12 aa to herpes, rhino-, hanta- and flaviviruses. Two others are 80-82% similar over 10-11 aa to sequences in milk, wheat, and bean proteins. Further studies should now be carried out to directly test the hypothesis that T-cell activation by rotavirus and possibly other viruses, and dietary proteins, could trigger or exacerbate beta-cell autoimmunity through molecular mimicry with IA-2 and (for rotavirus) GAD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Pagetic osteoclasts formed in vitro: absence of paracrystalline inclusions.

In Paget's disease of bone, osteoclasts are increased in number and size and contain intracellular paramyxoviral-like inclusions which cross-react with antibody against measles, respiratory syncytial, and canine distemper viral nucleocapsid antigens. Moreover, measles virus nucleocapsid transcripts are present in pagetic osteoclasts and their mononuclear precursors formed in vitro. The present study was undertaken to morphologically assess pagetic osteoclasts formed in culture; special attention has been directed towards the ultrastructural identification of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions. Pagetic osteoclasts were produced in long-term cultures of non-adherent bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from involved bone of patients with Paget's disease. These cultured osteoclasts had many of the ultrastructural features of pagetic osteoclasts in vivo. Of interest, no viral-like inclusions were observed in either the multinucleated osteoclasts or mononuclear cell precursors in these cultures. These data suggest that other factors in the bone microenvironment are required for viral nucleocapsid formation in pagetic osteoclasts.

Bone Marrow Cells↗