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At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Value of the study of occult fecal blood with Hemoccult II in 211 symptomatic patients controlled by total colonoscopy].

211 possibly neoplastic patients were given total colonoscopies after Hemoccult II test. The purpose of the experiment was to judge the value of occult faecal blood tests in the diagnosis of colonic neoplasias. Positive test results were obtained in 52 of whom 5 were found to have carcinomas and 17 polyps. Negative Hemoccult II results were produced in 159 patients of whom 6 had carcinomas and 54 polyps. All carcinoma patients with positive Hemoccult II results had rectal bleeding, 50% of those with negative tests results. Among polyp patients, 53% of those with Hemoccult II positive reported rectal bleeding, 60% of those with negative test results. Thus Hemoccult II is shown to be insufficiently sensitive to be of much value in mass screenings. It is suggested that a more sensitive test should be used for surveys of occult faecal blood.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Colonoscopy in children: personal experience].

Since 1974, 162 colonoscopies have been performed on patients ranging in age from six months to 15 years. All examinations were done using adult endoscopes. Most of the exams were conducted either without any pharmacological preparation or after administration of benzodiazepine; in only 16 cases was general anesthesia without intubation (Ketamine) necessary. The most frequent indications for performing the exam were various types of anal bleeding, isolated, or associated with diarrhoea. The diagnosis made most frequently was of an isolated polyp (43 cases out of 162), localized almost exclusively in the rectum or sigmoid colon. The second most frequent diagnosis was of an inflammatory process (12 cases out of 162). It was noted that a large number of cases were found to be negative (73 cases out of 162), which may be explained by the fact that many cases of that age group involve acute processes healed when were examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The status of colonoscopy in a surgical practice].

Efficacy of the method is discussed based on 662 colonoscopies. Indications, instruments and technique as well as results are described, complications are analyzed. The value of the so-called primary coloscopy is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Colonoscopy in children].

Until now colonoscopies have rarely been carried out in children on contrary to adults. Within two years we have submitted to this method, more than 80 patients between the first and 19th year of their lives, previously those ones who were in preschool- and school-age. The main indication for the endoscopy were bloody stools and mild inconstant abdominal pain. In most of the children we found different degrees and extents of an inflammatory process of the colon. The histological diagnosis was in 38 patients an unspecific chronic colitis, in 2 cases a solitary polyp, and only once a hemangioma. Despite of the colitis, nearly all children were in a relatively good physical condition. We think that the unknown and untreated colitis in children is very dangerous for them with regard to the develop of colon-carcinoma in their later lives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy - a review of 300 examinations.

In a period of twenty-two months, 300 patients were subjected to colonoscopic examinations. The proximal colon could be intubated in more than 90% of patients, when there was no distal obstruction or contraindications. Colonoscopy provided a more accurate diagnosis of colorectal diseases when correlated with barium enema examinations, and several unnecessary operations were thus avoided. However both procedures should be regarded as complementary rather than competitive. Colonoscopic polypectomy has revolutionised the management of colonic polyps, which are precursors to most colonic carcinomas. It has greatly reduced the need for laparotomy and surgical polypectomy. The morbidity, mortality, length of hospitalization and cost are significantly lower with colonoscopic polypectomy when compared with surgical polypectomy. In the present series, 45 colonic polyps were removed from 32 patients without any complications. The increased use of colonoscopic polypectomy may reduce the death rate from colonic carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM) detected by colonoscopy in long-standing ulcerative colitis: an indication for colectomy.

In performing colonoscopy over a 4-yr period on 112 patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis, a dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM) was found in 12. This appeared as either a single polypoid mass (5 cases), a plaquelike lesion (2 cases), or multiple polyps (5 cases). In 7 of these 12 cases carcinoma was subsequently found. This was particularly true in the 5 cases of single polypoid masses where all 5 contained invasive carcinoma. In none of the cases associated with malignancy did multiple biopsies of the DALM reveal invasive carcinoma. In only 2 of the 7 patients with carcinoma was the dysplasia "severe," being "mild" or "moderate" in the remaining 5. In the 27 patients with dysplasia found incidentally in random biopsies of flat mucosa only one carcinoma was found, in contrast to the 7 cancers in 12 patients with DALM. This difference leads us to regard the finding of DALM, especially a single polypoid mass, as highly significant in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis. It carries a sufficiently high risk of cancer, thereby constituting a strong indication for colectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Diverticular bleeding: are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs risk factors for hemorrhage and can colonoscopy predict outcome for patients?

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study was performed to determine if certain endoscopic features of a bleeding diverticulum predict outcome for patients and to assess the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) as a risk factor for hemorrhage. METHODS: Over a 28-month period, colonoscopy was performed on 13 patients (mean, age 74 yr) in whom a specific diverticulum was unequivocally identified as a cause for bleeding. Endoscopic features of the affected diverticulum were recorded and correlated with outcome for patients. Drug histories were reviewed to document use of NSAID before bleeding. RESULTS: Three patients had a visible vessel located inside a diverticulum, and one subject had an adherent clot with active bleeding. These colonoscopic findings were classified as stigmata of significant hemorrhage (SSH). In the remaining nine patients the diverticula were ulcerated. This endoscopic finding was classified as stigmata of insignificant hemorrhage (SIH). Compared with patients with SIH, individuals with SSH experienced a greater number of bleeding episodes (3.5 vs 1.3, p = 0.006), had a lower initial hemoglobin concentration (8.2 vs 12.5 gm%, p = 0.009), and required more transfusions (3.3 vs 0, p = 0.04) and invasive treatments (75% with SSH were managed by endoscopy or surgery vs 0% for those with SIH, p = 0.01). Ninety-two percent of the patients were taking NSAID (100% with SSH and 89% with SIH). Seventy-five percent of subjects with SSH compared with 0% of patients with SIH had a combined exposure to NSAID and ASA (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Presence of a visible vessel or an adherent clot with active bleeding is a reliable marker for significant hemorrhage. Ulcerated diverticula are the cause of trivial bleeding, and presence of this endoscopic finding accurately predicts a benign clinical course. NSAID may be an important risk factor for diverticular bleeding. It is possible that combined exposure to NSAID and ASA results in more severe bleeding compared with use of NSAID alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Hemorrhagic colitis with unusual colonoscopy features, complicated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

A 32-year-old man was admitted after bone marrow transplantation because of hematochezia. He had history of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the skin and the liver, and cytomegaloviral pneumonia. Barium enema and colonoscopy showed multiple colon ulcers in the ascending and transverse colon. This feature is very rare in chronic GVHD and resembles the feature in autoimmune disease such as periarteritis nodosa. Thus, this ulceration is thought to be caused by vasculitis due to an autoimmune reaction in chronic GVHD.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Colonoscopy and digital cytometry in the clinical assessment of prolonged non-specific ulcerative rectocolitis].

UNLABELLED: Twenty-one patients having ulcerative colitis (U.C.) for a period of seven or more years, and considered as being in the risk group for developing large bowel neoplasia, were studied according to the following procedures: 1) colonoscopic examination for macroscopic identification of mucosal alterations and obtainment of multiple biopsies; 2) histologic examination of mucosal biopsies; 3) quantification of mucosal-cell DNA using digital cytometry. The duration of disease in these patients ranged from seven to 33 years, with an average of 14 years. In three patients colonoscopic images showed vegetant lesions suggestive of malignancy. The association of UC with cancer occurred in 14% of cases. Colonoscopy was efficient in providing accurate diagnosis in all cases and also allowed a successful endoscopic resection of an aneuploid neoplastic lesion. Digital cytometry revealed diploid DNA histogram in all phases of U.C. and aneuploid in cases with association of UC and neoplastic development. CONCLUSION: these three methods together should be utilized in the follow-up of patients with long standing ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Caecal mass on barium enema study--a case for routine colonoscopy.

Prolapse of the ileal mucosa through the ileo-caecal valve or minor ileo-caecal intussuception is not uncommon and may occasionally be mistaken radiologically for a caecal neoplasm, especially if intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain or rectal bleeding is present. Colonoscopic visualisation and biopsy is important before surgery is advised. We describe a case of ileal mucosa prolapse masquerading as a caecal neoplasm on barium enema study. Colonoscopy showed prolapse of the ileal mucosa which was easily reduced by air insufflation and therefore unnecessary surgery was avoided.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapeutic colonoscopy in patients with colonic and rectal polyps].

598 colorectal polyps were removed by therapeutic colonoscopy from 377 patients, of both sexes, between 1 and 88 years old, most of them with lower digestive symptoms. The polyps were unique in 67.37% and multiple in 32.63% of patients, and mostly located in rectum and sigmoid colon; 42.14% were pedunculated, 33.95% sessile++/sub-pedunculated, and 23.91% sessile in shape. In 51% the size was over 10 mm in diameter. Histologically, 68.68% were of epithelial neoplastic type: 60.91% adenoma; 6.42% adenoma with adenocarcinoma, and 1.35% polypoid carcinoma. 30.64 were epithelial non-neoplastic type: 20.32% hyperplastic polyp, and 0.51% hyperplastic polyp with tubular adenoma. Two patients (0.53%) had lower digestive hemorrhage immediately after the polypectomy. The complications were controlled with conservative measures without blood transfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Technically difficult colonoscopy, a non-radiologic sign of sigmoidal obstruction: value of sigmoid colectomy for intractable symptoms.

Technical difficulty in passing the colonoscope was assessed in 371 patients undergoing 627 colonoscopies during 1989-91 and were graded as 0: no difficulty and cecum reached (71.43%); 1: difficult but cecum reached (20.22%); 2: difficult and cecum not reached although lumen beyond seen (4.85%); and 3: difficult and cecum not reached as lumen beyond could not be seen (3.5%). Frequency of patients with chronic lower abdominal pain and/or disturbed bowel habits in each grade increased as grade of obstruction increased: 0 (25.66%), 1 (36%), 2 (77.77%), and 3 (100%). During 1983-91, 54 patients with lower abdominal pain and/or disturbed bowel habits for a mean of 30.5 months, unresponsive to conventional medical measures, and who also had a grade 2 or 3 sigmoidal obstruction, elected to undergo sigmoid colectomy. Operative and pathologic studies showed that the primary cause was fixation of the sigmoid colon to the pelvis in two or three loops by adhesions from previous pelvic surgery, endometriosis, ovarian cyst, or diverticulitis. All patients had relief of symptoms that was maintained during the 1-9 year follow-up.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1993

[Retrospective, comparative study of colonoscopy and irrigoscopy as primary screening for colonic neoplasm suspects].

The diagnostic value of large bowel cancer by endoscopy (796 cases) and X-ray procedures (109) has been compared. A statistical analysis has established colonoscopy to be a more informative and safer procedure to be used in primary examination of patients with "bowel complaints". Irrigoscopy for primary tumor should be recommended for elderly patients with pronounced cardio-vascular and pulmonary pathology.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

A randomized controlled trial of a new PEG-electrolyte solution compared with a standard preparation for colonoscopy.

The efficacy, tolerability and patient acceptance of a new flavoured PEG solution for gut lavage was compared with a standard preparation for bowel cleansing in a randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing colonoscopy. One hundred and sixty patients were randomly allocated either to a standard preparation (2-day semi-liquid diet, laxatives and cleansing enemas) or to gut lavage (fractionalized ingestion of lavage solution, two litres in the afternoon before and a third litre the morning of the examination). Adequacy of colon cleansing was scored evaluating residual stool in each colonic segment and overall mucosal visibility. Tolerability of methods was assessed by evaluating the incidence and severity of side-effects. Patient acceptance was graded (good, fair to good, poor) according to the patient's judgement about the ease of execution and interference with sleep and working activity. Less residual stool (p < 0.05) and better visualization of colonic mucosa (p < 0.05) were obtained with gut lavage than with standard preparation. Both methods were well-tolerated and a low incidence of side effects was recorded in both groups. Patient acceptance was good in more than 80% of patients in both groups. We conclude that gut lavage is a rapid, effective and well-tolerated method for bowel cleansing. The use of a flavoured solution in a fractionalized schedule seems to improve the tolerability and the patient acceptance of this method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Comparison of 3 methods of preparation for colonoscopy].

We compared three cleansing methods of preparation for colonoscopy in 150 patients: the first containing a mixture of cathartics, especially sennosides: the second containing polyethyleneglycol: the third containing a mixture of monosodic monohydrated and bisodic heptahydrated phosphate. We evaluated the tolerability, the compliance and the side effects of the preparations. Regarding the evaluated parameters, it was found that the mixture of monosodic and bisodic heptahydrated phosphate was more valid than the other preparations.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of bowel cleansing and colonoscopy on serum CEA levels.

A group of patients being investigated for various forms of colonic pathology showed an apparent rise in serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level following bowel cleansing at the time of colonoscopy, as compared with the 'resting' level. The rise was particularly marked in a small group of patients with colonic polyps or previous colonic resection for carcinoma, suggesting a need for careful timing in the taking of blood samples. The findings may also have diagnostic importance in identification of patients at higher risk of malignant disease of the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) after nephrectomy for renal carcinoma: persistence after decompressive colonoscopy and spontaneous remission].

A 65-year-old male patient presented acute dilatation in the ascendant colon on the third post-operative day following nephrectomy due to renal adenocarcinoma. No changes in colonic diameter were seen after decompressive colonoscopy and, while the patient was asymptomatic, conservative therapy was instituted and the picture was resolved in just a few days. The case is used to review the issue of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction and its relationship to urological operations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

"Informed consent" interactive videodisc for patients having a colonoscopy, a polypectomy, and an endoscopy.

These "informed consent" interactive videodisc programs use both graphic and live action sequences to describe in detail the diagnostic procedures of Endoscopy, Colonoscopy, and Polypectomy. Both benefits and possible risks are listed and described. After each sequence, the patient is asked whether the explanation is understood and/or whether the patient would like to discuss the procedure in more detail with a physician. The programs were designed for use with marginally literate patients and require no reading ability. Both programs are also ideal for general patient education.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗