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At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Bone mineral density of American Indian and Alaska Native women compared with non-Hispanic white women: results from the Women's Health Initiative Study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare bone mineral density (BMD) of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women with that of non-Hispanic white women. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study compared mean BMD between AI/AN women and a random sample of non-Hispanic white women matched on geographic region in the Women's Health Initiative Study, a prospective study of postmenopausal women. We analyzed baseline BMD measurements for the total hip, spine, and whole body from 139 AI/AN women and 1,431 non-Hispanic white women. RESULTS: Unadjusted mean spine and whole body BMDs were not significantly different between the two races. Controlling for age, education, and hormone therapy use, adjusted mean BMD was similar by race among women who were underweight, normal, or obese. We found a significant interaction of race by body mass index on spine (P = 0.003) and whole body (P = 0.0003) BMD; thus, analyses were stratified by body mass index. Overweight AI/AN women had slightly lower adjusted mean whole body and spine BMD than overweight non-Hispanic white women (whole body: 0.97 vs 1.03 g/cm, P = 0.02; spine: 0.96 versus 1.03 g/cm, P = 0.001). Among extremely obese (body mass index: > or =40.0 kg/m) women, adjusted mean total hip BMD was higher in the AI/AN women (1.07 vs 0.97 g/cm, respectively, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, AI/AN and non-Hispanic white women had similar BMDs. This study suggests that extremely obese AI/AN women may have higher BMD at certain skeletal sites compared with extremely obese non-Hispanic white women. However, these results need to be confirmed by additional research.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1971

The Fate of l-Phenylalanine Fed to Germinating Pea Seeds, Pisum sativum (L.) var. Alaska, during Imbibition.

Radioactive l-phenylalanine-l-(14)C or -U-(14)C was fed to pea seeds during imbibition. More than 95% was imbibed. Less than 1% of the radioactivity was respired as CO(2). Of the radioactivity taken into the embryos, 80% was still in the cotyledons by 3 days. About half of this was unchanged phenylalanine: 5% free, 10 to 20% in soluble proteins, 1 to 6% in cell wall proteins, and 14% released by mild acid hydrolysis. No other radioactive amino acid was found. About 0.3% of the radioactivity was identified as free caffeic, ferulic, and coumaric acids or their glycosides, and a further 5% was released by mild acid hydrolysis into a phenolic acid fraction. About half of the radioactivity in the cotyledons was lost in the fractionation procedures.About 20% of the radioactivity was found in the shootroot axes to which it had been translocated. Phenylalanine accounted for nearly all the identifiable radioactivity: about 1% free, 1 to 3% in soluble proteins, 1 to 5% in cell wall proteins, and 1% bound to insoluble fractions from which it was released by mild acid hydrolysis. About 1% was released into a phenolic acid fraction. About half of the radioactivity in the shoot-root axes was lost in the fractionation procedures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Variation in nitrogenase and hydrogenase activity of alaska pea root nodules.

Hydrogenase activity of root nodules in the symbiotic association between Pisum sativum L. and Rhizobium leguminosarum was determined by incubating unexcised nodules with tritiated H(2) and measuring tissue HTO. Hydrogenase activity saturated at 0.50 millimolar H(2) and was not inhibited by the presence of 0.10 atmosphere C(2)H(2), which prevented H(2) evolution from nitrogenase. Total H(2) production from nitogenase was estimated as net H(2) evolution in air plus H(2) exchange in 0.10 atmosphere C(2)H(2). Although such an estimate of nitrogenase function may not be quantitatively exact, due to uncertain relationships between H(2) exchange and H(2) uptake activity of hydrogenase, differences observed in H(2) exchange under various conditions represent an indication of changes in hydrogenase activity. Hydrogenase activity was lower in associations grown under higher photosynthetic photon flux densities and decreased relative to total H(2) production by nitrogenase. Total H(2) production and hydrogenase activity were maximum 28 days after planting. Thereafter, hydrogenase activity and H(2) production declined, but the potential proportion of nitrogenase-produced H(2) recovered by the uptake hydrogenase system increased. Of five R. leguminosarum strains tested two possessed hydrogenase activity. Strains which had the potential to reassimilate H(2) had significantly higher rates of N(2) reduction than those which did not exhibit hydrogenase activity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Sounds, source levels, and associated behavior of humpback whales, southeast Alaska.

Humpback whales in Southeast Alaskan waters produced five categories of sounds: moans, grunts, pulse trains, blowhole-associated sounds, and surface impacts. Frequencies (Hz) of moans and grunts were 20-1900. Major energy in low-frequency pulse trains was in a band of 25-80 Hz with pulse duration of 300-400 ms. Blowhole-associated sounds, recorded as transiting whales encountered one another, were of two types: shrieks, 555-2000 Hz, and trumpetlike horn blasts with fundamental at 414 Hz (median). Pulses and spread spectrum noise were associated with gas bubble formation and explosive bursts, respectively, in connection with spiral feeding maneuvers. Surface impacts resulted from fluke or flipper slaps in sequences of 3-21 sounds. Source levels ranged from 162 (low-frequency pulse trains) to 192 dB (surface impacts), re: 1 microPa, 1 m. Songs, commonly heard on winter breeding grounds, were absent from our recordings. Feeding and perhaps certain other whale activities can be monitored based on sound production.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: a large magnitude, slip-partitioned event.

The MW (moment magnitude) 7.9 Denali fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 was associated with 340 kilometers of surface rupture and was the largest strike-slip earthquake in North America in almost 150 years. It illuminates earthquake mechanics and hazards of large strike-slip faults. It began with thrusting on the previously unrecognized Susitna Glacier fault, continued with right-slip on the Denali fault, then took a right step and continued with right-slip on the Totschunda fault. There is good correlation between geologically observed and geophysically inferred moment release. The earthquake produced unusually strong distal effects in the rupture propagation direction, including triggered seismicity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

An overview of mental health services for American Indians and Alaska Natives in the 1990s.

Native Americans appear to be at higher risk than other U.S. ethnic groups for mental health problems, including depression, substance abuse, domestic violence, and suicide. Despite recent increases in the federal budget for mental health services for Native Americans, less than 50 percent of the estimated need for ambulatory services is being met. Initiatives to improve the quantity and quality of mental health services for Native Americans in the 1990s include development of a national mental health plan, increased technical assistance to Native American communities, additional training and research, and continued attention to standards that promote high-quality, culturally relevant care. Tribes themselves are seen as the most appropriate locus for initiation of programs for preventing emotional problems in their communities.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed2003

Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children, with special emphasis on American Indian and Alaska Native children. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Native American Child Health.

The emergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the American Indian/Alaska Native pediatric population presents a new challenge for pediatricians and other health care professionals. This chronic disease requires preventive efforts, early diagnosis, and collaborative care of the patient and family within the context of a medical home.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Interpersonal violence in the lives of urban American Indian and Alaska Native women: implications for health, mental health, and help-seeking.

OBJECTIVE: We surveyed American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) women in New York City to determine the prevalence of 3 types of interpersonal violence among urban AIAN women and the behavioral health and mental health factors associated with this violence. METHODS: Using a survey, we questioned 112 adult AIAN women in New York City about their experiences with interpersonal violence, mental health, HIV risk behaviors, and help-seeking. The sampling plan utilized a multiple-wave approach with modified respondent-driven sampling, chain referral, and target sampling. RESULTS: Among respondents, over 65% had experienced some form of interpersonal violence, of which 28% reported childhood physical abuse, 48% reported rape, 40% reported a history of domestic violence, and 40% reported multiple victimization experiences. Overwhelmingly, women experienced high levels of emotional trauma related to these events. A history of interpersonal violence was associated with depression, dysphoria, help-seeking behaviors, and an increase in high-HIV risk sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: AIAN women experience high rates of interpersonal violence and trauma that are associated with a host of health problems and have important implications for health and mental health professionals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Identification of American Indian and Alaska Native veterans in administrative data of the Veterans Health Administration and the Indian Health Service.

We sought to determine the extent to which the Indian Health Service (IHS) identified enrollees who also use the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) as veterans. We used a bivariate analysis of administrative data from fiscal years 2002-2003 to study the target population. Of the 32259 IHS enrollees who received care as veterans in the VHA, only 44% were identified by IHS as veterans. IHS data underestimates the number of veterans, and both IHS and VHA need mechanisms to recognize mutual beneficiaries in order to facilitate better coordination of strategic planning and resource sharing among federal health care agencies.

Data Collection↗