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At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Tinnitus characteristics in tinnitus complainers and noncomplainers.

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of tinnitus in 87 patients (mean age = 53.7 years); 43 patients seeking professional help (complainers) and 44 patients who do not seek help for their tinnitus (noncomplainers). 'Left-sided or mostly left-sided' tinnitus was reported by 42% of complainers and 30% of noncomplainers, whereas 'right-sided or mostly right-sided' tinnitus was equally prevalent in the two groups (26 v. 25%); the differences between groups were not significant. Tinnitus 'in the head' was reported by 14% of the complainers and 6% of the noncomplainers, a nonsignificant difference, whereas noncomplainers perceived tinnitus in 'both ears equally' significantly more frequently than complainers. Complainers had significantly more often 'combined' (tonal plus buzzing) tinnitus sounds (51 v. 30%) and 'non-fluctuating tinnitus' (49 v. 25%) than had noncomplainers, whereas 'tonal' tinnitus was significantly more frequent in noncomplainers than in complainers (43 v. 16%). Further, noncomplainers had worse hearing than complainers: pure-tone averages over vocal as well as high frequencies were significantly higher. Complainers scored significantly higher than noncomplainers on the psychological variables concentration difficulties, irritability and sleep disturbance. Patients with 'combined' tinnitus sounds scored significantly higher on irritability and sleep disturbance than subjects with 'tonal' tinnitus. Patients with 'non-fluctuating tinnitus' scored significantly higher on the three psychological variables than patients with 'fluctuating tinnitus'. A conclusion to be drawn is that 'combined' tinnitus sounds and 'non-fluctuating tinnitus' might be determinants of psychological problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

The general self-efficacy scale: multicultural validation studies.

General self-efficacy is the belief in one's competence to cope with a broad range of stressful or challenging demands, whereas specific self-efficacy is constrained to a particular task at hand. Relations between general self-efficacy and social cognitive variables (intention, implementation intentions, outcome expectancies, and self-regulation), behavior-specific self-efficacy, health behaviors, well-being, and coping strategies were examined among 1,933 respondents in 3 countries: Germany (n = 633), Poland (n = 359), and South Korea (n = 941). Participants were between 16 and 86 years old, and some were dealing with stressful situations such as recovery from myocardial events or tumor surgery. Perceived self-efficacy was measured by means of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (R. Schwarzer & M. Jerusalem, 1995). Meta-analysis was used to determine population effect sizes for four sets of variables. Across countries and samples, there is consistent evidence for associations between perceived self-efficacy and the variables under study confirming the validity of the psychometric scale. General self-efficacy appears to be a universal construct that yields meaningful relations with other psychological constructs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

[Experiences of being tied with drugs in the elderly women in community].

PURPOSE: This study was done to understand elderly women within a community who have used lots of drugs. METHOD: Data was collected through in-depth interviews with four elderly women from April 2001 to February 2002. Data was analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological method(2000). RESULTS: The components in common with drug usage of elderly women were as follows: 'Awareness of the limitation of physical strength and uncertainty of life', 'Dread of a crisis situation occurring', 'Attachment and dependency on drugs', 'Expectation of a comfortable life and death', 'Prevention of family burden', and 'Pursuit of psychological comfort'. The general structure of experiences was as follows: causal factors were 'Awareness of uncertainty and limitation', 'dread of a crisis situation occurring' the results factor was 'Attachment and dependency on drugs' and the facilitating factors were 'Expectation of a comfortable life and death', 'Prevention of family burden', and 'Pursuit of psychological comfort'. The causal relation was cyclic. This structure showed a realistic adaptation pattern. CONCLUSION: This study contributed to provide fundamental data for nursing interventions for health promotion and promoting quality of life in elderly women by increasing understanding of the experiences of drugs use.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

The importance of supporting autonomy in medical education.

Many thoughtful leaders in medicine have asserted their belief that when physicians are more humanistic in their interactions with patients, their patients have more positive health outcomes. Consequently, many advocates have called for the practice of teaching students and residents to provide more humanistically oriented care. This article reviews research from motivational psychology, guided by self-determination theory, that suggests that when medical educators are more humanistic in their training of students, the students become more humanistic in their care of patients. Being humanistic in medical education can be achieved through support of the autonomy of students. Autonomy support means working from the students' perspectives to promote their active engagement and sense of volition with respect to learning. Research suggests that when educators are more supportive of student autonomy, students not only display a more humanistic orientation toward patients but also show greater conceptual understanding and better psychological adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The relative importance of behavioral issues during long-duration ICE missions.

Previous studies of isolated and confined environments (ICEs) have been unable to assign relative priority to the many behavioral issues affecting participants. The current study analyzed psychologically relevant entries in the journals of nine leaders and physicians of French circumpolar expeditions. More than 100 specific themes emerged, distributed across 22 categories. Group Interaction was found to be the most salient of the categories, followed by Outside Communications, Workload, Recreation and Leisure, Medical Support, Adjustment, Leadership, Event, and Food. Substantial evidence of a third quarter phenomenon was found in all expeditions. Unexpectedly, shorter missions (69-180 d) generated more negative reactions than longer missions (230-363 d) and diaries from the sub-Antarctic stations were more negative than those from the Antarctic. The study provides quantitative bases for judgments concerning the relative importance of psychological issues.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood levels of some electrolytes and hormones during exercise in athletes.

Athletes (8 trained medium and long distance runners) have been explored before and after physical exercise under two testing procedures. After the ergometric test significant increases of Ca++ and Mg++ in serum and significant decrease of Mg++ in erythrocytes occurred. A marked increment of the cortisol level and lesser changes of the thyroid hormones have been found. After the specific training program, apart from the significant reduction of the erythrocyte Mg++, a very significant increase of the cortisol level and large increments of T3 occurred. All subjects showed good coping resources, with inter-individual differences for other three psychological variables.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Some psychological reactions of rape victims.

This article delineates the psychological reactions of rape victims from a psychodynamic vantage point. Rape, an act of violence, results in psychic trauma. The authors attempt an understanding of the psychological sequelae of rape.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

[Personality traits, psychological adjustment, and burnout syndrome in nursing staff].

The nursing staff is prone to develop Burnout because of the work environment and the stressful situations that develop among patients and their families. Burnout syndrome it's a persistent negative mental state, work related and present in non pathologic populations. Burnout has been associated to personality traits but the findings are too heterogeneous and do not allow plausible generalizations. To identify the relation between Burnout, Personality Traits and Psychological Adjustment, questionnaires were applied to 117 subjects, all members of the nursing staff from a University Hospital in Maracaibo, Venezuela. Traits in Burnout subjects were: sensibility to criticism, lack of confidence, poor social capacity and low Psychological Adjustment. The non-Burnout subjects presented traits of optimism, reality in the way they viewed events, proper social abilities and high Psychological Adjustment. Burnout Syndrome is not a personality type and the traits associated with this syndrome seems to be associated with Psychological Adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗