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PubMed1982

[Ophthalmologic ultrasound diagnosis--current training programs in Germany, Austria, Switzerland].

In these three countries the application of diagnostic ultrasound in ophthalmology is restricted, with few exceptions, only to institutions having access to in-patients. This situation is based on the organization of medical care and does not depend on the technical evolution of the equipment. Consequently the annual rate of trainees in ophthalmic ultrasound is relatively low, but a comprehensive training programme is needed in this field. The requisite training subjects are described. They include a technical and a clinical programme for both pulse-echo (A, B, M, D mode) and Doppler techniques as applied for biometry as well as for tissue and vascular examination. Some data are given regarding training facilities, aids and courses in the three countries. The concept and organization of a 5-day course (Bonn/Würzburg Course, Directors: W. Buschmann/H.G. Trier) is described in greater detail. For ophthalmic ultrasonography, testing and calibration of system parameters both for equipment and transducers is necessary for obtaining reliable and reproducible results. Examples are given for the organization of technical training in the practical course. The 1981 guidelines of the "Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung", Cologne, are discussed. These regulations define minimum requirements for both ultrasonic training and equipment in the FRG. Finally, a few controversial aspects of the teaching (quality assurance, role of biometry) are mentioned.

Austria↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep 1 ambulation system: part 3. Lack of effect on bone mineral density.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the bone mineral density loss seen after spinal cord injury (SCI) is reversed by a walking program using the Parastep 1 system. DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: Human SCI applied research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen men and 3 women with thoracic motor- and sensory-complete SCI, mean age 28.8yrs, mean duration postinjury 3.8yrs. INTERVENTION: Thirty-two functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) ambulation training sessions using a commercially available system (Parastep 1). This system consists of a microprocessor-controlled stimulator and a modified walking frame with finger-operated switches that permit the user to control the stimulation parameters and activate the stepping. OUTCOME MEASURE: Bone mineral density at the femoral head, neck, and Ward's triangle measured using a Lunar DP3 dual-photon densitometer. RESULTS: No significant change in bone mineral density was found using repeated measures analyses of variance. CONCLUSIONS: Axial loading combined with muscle stimulation and resistive exercise does not result in significant changes in bone mineral density in persons with complete paraplegia.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1988

A social skills training program for adult caregivers.

A model for family caregiving was developed that linked social support and caregiving burden. A component of the theoretical model suggests that caregivers with high social skills will be able to mobilize social support in their environments more effectively, resulting in a decrease in their perceived caregiving burden. A pilot intervention study explored whether there was any difference in caregiving burden for subjects receiving social skills training and subjects in a control group. Results at pretest revealed no significant differences between the groups. Results at posttest revealed that a significant decrease in both objective and subjective burden occurred for the treatment group. These results indicate that further investigation about how best to support the caregivers who regularly care for and assist their elderly members is of prime importance.

Assertiveness↗
PubMed2002

Training practitioners in preparing systematic reviews: a cross-sectional survey of participants in the Australasian Cochrane Centre training program.

BACKGROUND: Although systematic reviews of health care interventions are an invaluable tool for health care providers and researchers, many potential authors never publish reviews. This study attempts to determine why some people with interest in performing systematic reviews do not subsequently publish a review; and what steps could possibly increase review completion. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey by email and facsimile of the 179 participants in Australasian Cochrane Centre training events between 1998 and 2000. RESULTS: Ninety-two participants responded to the survey (51 percent). Response rate of deliverable surveys was 82 percent (92/112). The remainder of the participants had invalid or no contact information on file. More than 75 percent of respondents felt that the current workshops met their needs for training. The most critical barriers to completion of a Cochrane review were: lack of time (80 percent), lack of financial support (36 percent), methodological problems (23 percent) and problems with group dynamics (10 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to protect reviewer time and increase the efficiency of the review process may increase the numbers of trained reviewers completing a systematic review.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Effect of a 4 week physical training program on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance.

OBJECTIVE: Subclinical chronic inflammation could be a unifying factor linking type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerosis. The beneficial effects of physical activity on a reduced risk of coronary heart disease could at least in part be mediated by improved markers of inflammation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 4 weeks of physical training on plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin and IL-10 in 60 individuals with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2D. RESULTS: In patients with IGT and T2D, significant improvement in body fat, fitness level, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks of physical training was associated with significantly improved plasma concentrations of adiponectin and CRP, but not IL-6. Regression analysis demonstrated only for the anti-inflammatory parameters adiponectin and IL-10 a significant relationship with the decrease in fasting plasma glucose, whereas changes in IL-6 and CRP were not significantly related to changes in fasting plasma glucose, body fat, maximal oxygen uptake, or insulin sensitivity. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, only changes in circulating adiponectin, fasting plasma glucose and percentage body fat were determinants of changes in insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Physical training was associated with a near normalization of adiponectin and CRP plasma concentrations in subjects with IGT and T2D. Increased insulin sensitivity after training was most strongly related to changes in adiponectin plasma concentrations, in fasting plasma glucose and percentage body fat, whereas changes in IL-6, IL-10 and CRP plasma concentrations did not significantly contribute to improved insulin sensitivity.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed1999

A brief training program on resident assessment instrument improves motivation of nursing home staff.

The Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) has been designed to improve the quality of assessment and care in nursing home patients through a better understanding of resident needs. We organized three short courses (two weeks) on RAI, involving sixty-six nursing home health professionals. The course provided students both a theoretical and practical knowledge of RAI. At the end of the program, participants were asked to answer to an anonymous questionnaire about the course itself and their future professional motivation. The participants showed increased motivation and attitudes toward the elderly care. The good results obtained indicates that RAI not only may improve quality of nursing home care, but it is also an useful tool in the training of geriatric professionals enhancing their motivation and job satisfaction.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Incorporating environmental medicine into training programs in occupational medicine.

Demand is increasing rapidly for medical evaluation and management of individuals and groups exposed to chemical, physical, and biologic hazards in the non-workplace environment. Because general physicians are ill prepared to respond and no existing specialty has obvious expertise, occupational physicians who have some relevant background could have a central role to play in filling these perceived needs. However, incorporation of environmental medicine into the specialty will require reexamination of our skills and training. The focus of this essay is to explore aspects of environmental medicine practice that demand expansion of the current repertoire of skills. Based on these, we propose modifications of training that could facilitate such expansion without sacrifice of the core principles of traditional occupational medicine.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1992

Use of an intensive task-oriented gait training program in a series of patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents.

The aims of this case report are to describe the application of an early and intensive task-oriented physical therapy program for gait relearning following stroke and to report the patients' ability to comply with the program. Ten patients, 60 to 75 years of age (mean = 69.8, SD = 7.3), with a middle cerebral artery infarct (confirmed by computerized tomography) were assigned to this special physical therapy program. Patients were treated twice a day, 5 days a week, from the eighth day after stroke for 5 consecutive weeks. To promote gait relearning, a program of early standing (using a tilt table when necessary), combined with weight-shifting exercises and feedback via a limb-load monitor as well as locomotor activities including exercises on a Kinetron and treadmill walking, was adapted for each patient's level of motor recovery. Walking on the treadmill (with a safety harness) was initiated as early as the second week after stroke in 4 patients, and all patients had started Kinetron training by the second week. Except for 1 patient, who was withdrawn from the study because of an infection, all patients showed good treatment compliance (93.6%) with the planned 50 treatments and were able to withstand a mean treatment duration of 44.8 minutes (SD = 6.3, range = 37.5-58.5), twice a day, during the first week of the program (8th to 14th day after stroke). Results from this pilot project indicate that intensive and graded locomotor activities can be very well tolerated in the early period after stroke.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Reflections on a do-it-yourself training program in clinical psychology.

This paper is a somewhat modified version of the inaugural Rapaport--Klein Memorial Lecture at Austen Riggs Center presented June 21, 1974. The author describes the experiences, the series of "apprenticeships" and clinical exposures, which coalesced into his education, from teenage days in the New York Madison House settlement, through Harvard undergraduate and graduate work, to Worcester State Hospital as head of psychological services and research. In conclusion, the author discusses the effects of the kinds of training experiences he has described on the issues that arose in the formulation of formal standards of training in clinical psychology.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of a combined diet-training program on the insulin sensitivity of obese persons with normal or disordered glucose tolerance].

The majority of the obese persons is characterized by a disturbed glucose tolerance and an increased insulin secretion. The cause of this apparent contradiction lies in the existence of an insulin resistance. In 23 obese persons (relative weight greater than 120% according to Möhr and Johnson) with normal or disturbed glucose tolerance the effect of a diet restriction lasting 4 weeks (700 kcal/die) or of a combined diet training programme on the body weight, serum lipids, state of conditioning (PWC170) and insulin sensitivity in vivo was investigated. The insulin sensitivity was characterized by means of 1 h insulin infusion test. At comparable peripheral steady state insulin levels the relative decrease of the plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentration is a measure of the insulin sensitivity in vivo. In 9 obese persons with disturbed glucose tolerance observations of the course over 1 year are existing. The finding demonstrate that only a combined diet training programme leads to a significant improvement of the insulin sensitivity and prevails a unique dietary treatment. The measure of the improved insulin effectivity directly correlates with the effect of conditioning. The reduction of the body weight obtained is about double as large in a combined diet conditioning treatment as after a unique restriction of the diet (18% or 10% of the relative weight). Triglyceride and cholesterol levels significantly decrease, the HDL-cholesterol increases in tendency. On the other hand, the results are unsatisfactory after one year. The therapy regime is a promising strategy for the reduction of the insulin resistance in adiposity as a preventive medical measure, provided a good cooperation and motivation on the side of the patient is present.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2005

The Professor of Public Psychiatry Model in Ohio: the impact on training, program innovation, and the quality of mental health care.

The Ohio Department of Mental Health and five of Ohio's University-based Departments of Psychiatry have developed strong working partnerships that have improved the quality of psychiatric residency education and Ohio's mental health services. Strategies integral to Ohio's Public Psychiatry Model include identifying a strong champion, integrating expert consultation, and developing consensus expectations using a small amount of catalytic funding. Successful outcomes include the establishment of public psychiatry leadership roles in Ohio's community and academic settings; positive community-focused residency training experiences; revised curricula; and spin-off opportunities, such as "Coordinating Centers of Excellence" to accelerate adoption of evidence-based practices in community settings.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1991

In-house management training programs reap many benefits.

These days, simply sending middle managers off to management courses is a thing of the past at some hospitals. Those institutions have created in-house management "schools" that are strengthening those hospitals' corporate cultures in the process.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2026

Effects of a situational interest-based rotational fitness training program on positive affect in university students: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether a 12-week situational interest-based rotational fitness program improved positive emotional states in university students, to compare module-specific effects, and to examine whether the intervention moderated the heart rate-emotion association. METHODS: In this 2-arm randomized controlled trial, 560 freshmen from 10 Chinese universities were assigned to an experimental (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;280) or control group (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;280). The experimental group completed weekly 90-minute sessions covering strength, endurance, speed, and agility modules; controls received regular physical education. Positive emotional states were assessed using the positive well-being subscale of the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale through ecological momentary assessment at 3 points per session, yielding over 14,000 observations. Linear mixed-effects models tested group, time, group&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;time, heart rate, and heart rate&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;group effects. Assessors and analysts were blinded. Ethical approval for the trial was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports (2025A055). RESULTS: Improvement was greater in the experimental group than in controls (EMM change: 1.843 vs 0.505; difference&#x2005;=&#x2005;1.338, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.275-1.400, P&#x2005;<&#x2005;.001). At week 12, the raw between-group difference was 1.85 (d&#x2005;=&#x2005;2.23), and all group&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;week interactions from weeks 2 to 12 were significant. Heart rate positively predicted emotional states in controls (B&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.005, 95% CI: 0.003-0.007), but this association was attenuated in the experimental group (interaction B&#x2005;=&#x2005;-0.008, 95% CI: -0.011 to -0.005). Strength and agility showed significant improvements, while endurance produced consistently higher emotional states across assessment points. Heart rate moderation was significant for strength and endurance, but not speed or agility. CONCLUSION: The rotational program improved positive emotional states more than regular physical education, although effects varied by module. Strength showed the most robust benefit. The program also weakened, but did not eliminate, the heart rate-emotion association during more demanding activities.

Humans↗