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PubMed2006

Sparganum mansoni parasitic infection in the lung showing a nodule.

Reported herein is a 57-year-old man infected by Sparganum mansoni, a kind of tapeworm, showing a solitary nodule of the middle lobe of the right lung. Because a transbronchial biopsy could not diagnose the nodule, a right middle lobectomy was performed on suspicion of malignant tumor. The lesion was diagnosed as sparganosis by histological and immuno-serological examinations. Histological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation with neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration around the worm and interstitial pneumonia surrounding the nodule. Moreover, vasculitis with foreign body giant cell was seen around the lesion. To the authors' knowledge this is the second case of sparganosis limited in the lung, and the current report presents the first detailed histological description of a pulmonary sparganosis case.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Serum malondialdehyde level in children infected with Vampirolepis nana.

BACKGROUND: Vampirolepis nana is the only human tapeworm in which the intermediate host is not necessary and transmission is from person to person. In this study the changes of serum malondialdehyde level, that is, the oxidative stress hypothesis in patients infected with V. nana, was investigated. METHODS: Serum malondialdehyde concentration activity was measured in 32 patients who were positive for intestinal parasite of V. nana. Levels were obtained for the positively infected patients and their age and gender were matched to 32 healthy controls. RESULTS: The difference between malondialdehyde levels of patients infected with V. nana and the control group was statistically significant both for females (P < 0.05) and males (P < 0.05). In the patient and control groups, no correlation was found between age and malondialdehyde levels both in females and males. In addition, no significant correlation could be found between malondialdehyde levels of both females and males for the patient and control groups. CONCLUSION: Malondialdehyde levels were clearly increased in the patients infected with V. nana.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Orbital cysticercosis.

BACKGROUND: We report on a case of orbital cysticercosis in a 27-year-old Burmese man who presented with an orbital swelling 7 months after arriving in Australia. METHODS: The presenting history and findings are reviewed and treatment options are discussed. A brief review of the life cycle of the tapeworm Taenia solium is provided. RESULTS: The orbital lesion was successfully treated by surgical excision. CONCLUSION: Cysticercosis should not be forgotten as a possible cause of unusual orbital lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Cysticercosis of the fourth ventricle: a report of two cases.

Cysticercus cellulosae, the larva of the pork tapeworm, has a predilection to encyst within the central nervous system. It is common in endemic areas, such as Central and South America, but rare in Australia. The clinical and radiological findings in two patients with fourth ventricular cysts are described.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Helminth infestations in Asian women attending an antenatal clinic in England.

Asian women attending an antenatal clinic in England were studied to determine the infestation rates with intestinal helminths. An overall rate of 9% was found, rising to 18% in those women resident for less than 7 years. Indians had a carriage rate of 3%, Pakistanis 7.3% and Bangladeshis 45%. Species detected were hookworm, whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana) and roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides).

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The role of epilepsy surgery in southern Africa.

Epilepsy surgery plays an important role in the management of patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and lesional epilepsies. When performed early in the course of the illness, surgery can render many patients seizure-free and greatly improve their quality of life. In southern Africa, as in many developing nations, thousands of patients could benefit from epilepsy surgery, but inequalities in healthcare provision mean that ready access to surgical facilities is largely restricted to those with private healthcare insurance. Over the past 5 years, more than 250 patients have had epilepsy surgery in Cape Town; the cause of epilepsy in six of these individuals was neurocysticercosis resulting from central nervous system infection by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium), which is a common cause of epilepsy in the tropics. In all cases, surgery was successful, with patients becoming seizure-free and reporting a much improved quality of life.

Africa, Southern↗

PubMed2000

Cysticercosis of the oral cavity: report of seven cases.

Cysticercosis is a condition in which a human acts as the intermediate host of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Although cysticercosis is a common disease in some regions of the world and can occur in any body site, oral lesions are rare. This paper reviews the natural history of the disease and reports on seven cases of oral cysticercosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Cystic echinococcosis in a Jordanian patient: albendazole in a short-term immigrant.

With an ever increasing number of international travelers, physicians should be aware of the diseases that have rarely been encountered in their home countries. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus is seldom seen in Japan despite frequent occurrence of the other type of echinococcosis, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by E. multilocularis, in its northern parts. However, CE is prevalent in many parts of the world including the United Kingdom, Mediterranean basin, Middle East, South America, and Australia, and is supposed to be resurgent in several parts of the world. The disease is acquired by the oral ingestion of the eggs of E. granulosus passed into the feces of several definitive host animals carrying tapeworms, mostly dogs. These definitive hosts are infected by cannibalizing intermediate host animals including sheep and cattle whose livers and/or lungs are affected by cystic lesions that contain protoscoleces. In endemic areas the diagnosis of CE is not considered to be complicated; typical morphological features composed of cysts as revealed by ultrasonography and/or computerized tomography (CT) scan. The diagnosis is also aided by serological methods detecting serum antibodies. However, imaging procedures show a variety of features that could often lead to misdiagnosis as other diseases. Moreover, serological assays are sometimes difficult to interpret because of their incomplete sensitivities and specificities. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of a spectrum of imaging features and the application of serological methods with better sensitivities and specificities are indispensable. The mainstay of treatment of the disease is still surgical removal of cysts that has the potential to lead to a complete cure. Recently, the less invasive method PAIR (Puncture of cysts percutaneously, Aspiration of fluid, Introduction of protoscolicidal agent, and Reaspiration) was introduced with considerable success, and could be a promising alternative to surgery. Lastly, medical treatment with oral mebendazole or albendazole, especially the latter, can be beneficial not only as a adjunctive to surgery or PAIR, but as a sole treatment in cases in which invasive methods are not indicated. Here we report a Jordanian patient with CE whose diagnosis was substantiated by a novel immunoblot assay and who showed a rapid improvement during albendazole therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Neurocysticercosis: migration of a parasite.

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Infection occurs following oral ingestion of eggs of the porcine tapeworm, Taenia solium. Eggs migrate to distal tissue sites via the bloodstream, and develop into larval cysts. When cyst growth disrupts normal function of the CNS, patients most commonly present with new onset seizures or hydrocephalus. Neuroimaging with computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to diagnose neurocysticercosis. Treatment regimens are based on cyst location and developmental stage, and include supportive care, supportive care combined with pharmacologic therapy, and surgical intervention.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

The role of the Tasmanian devil in the epizootiology of ovine cysticercosis and echinococcosis.

Tasmanian devils were fed infective cystic material of Taenia ovis, T. hydatigena and Echinococcus granulosus and later killed and examined for adult tapeworms. No infections with T. ovis were found after feeding 23 cysts to 8 devils. T. hydatigena were recovered from 5 to 41 devils and 10 worms established after feeding 417 cysticerci. No E. granulosus were recovered from any of 3 devils. Specimens of T. hydatigena appeared to develop as well in devils as in dogs. From these and previous results devils could be successful hosts to T. hydatigena and T. ovis. A survey of 320 devils failed to detect any natural infections with any of these 3 species.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

The toxicity and efficiency of arecoline hydrobromide in the Tasmanian hydatid control program.

Results on the efficiency and toxicity of arecoline hydrobromide during the first 11 years of the hydatid limitation program in Tasmania are presented. A satisfactory mucous purge was obtained from about 80% of dogs when arecoline was used at 3.25 mg/kg and from about 75% when the dose rate was reduced to 1.62 mg/kg of body weight. Arecoline is considered to have a low efficiency in detecting tapeworm infection in individual dogs, but is valuable as a diagnostic aid in groups of dogs. Toxicity was seen as acute cardiac collapse in about 5 dogs per 1000 dosed. Deaths followed in 1 dog in about 9,500.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Subcutaneous larval Taenia serialis in a ring-tailed possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus).

Coenuriasis is a condition resulting in subcutaneous cyst formation associated with infection by the larval stage of Taenia serialis, a tapeworm of the dog and associated carnivores. This article is the first report of coenuriasis in an Australian arboreal marsupial (I Beveridge personal communication) and only the second in an Australian marsupial.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Echinococcus granulosus in wildlife in and around the Kosciuszko National Park, south-eastern Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of Echinococcus granulosus in wild dogs and foxes and hydatidosis in wildlife coexisting with foxes and wild dogs in and around Kosciuszko National Park. DESIGN: Prospective and ad hoc surveys by necropsy of definitive and intermediate hosts. PROCEDURE: Wild dogs and foxes were trapped at one location in the Kosciuszko National Park and at 7 locations around the periphery of the Park. Feral pigs, macropodid marsupials, wombats, and feral goats were collected at some of the same locations. The animals were humanely killed, their small intestines removed in the field, the contents collected, preserved and examined microscopically. All internal organs of intermediate hosts were examined for hydatid cysts. Unidentified lesions were examined histologically. RESULTS: Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms were found in wild dogs from all locations. Prevalence ranged up to 100% with worm burdens up to 300,000 worms. Prevalence in foxes ranged up to 50% in animals recovered from 5 locations. The worm burdens were usually less than 50 E. granulosus per fox. Hydatid cysts were found in all macropodid species. Prevalence (69%) and cyst fertility (100%) were highest in swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolour). Prevalence of cysts in feral pigs ranged up to 49%. Less than 22% of the cysts were fertile. No cysts were found in any of the wombats or feral goats. CONCLUSION: Echinococcus granulosus occurs commonly in wildlife in and around the Kosciuszko National Park. High numbers of fertile cysts in swamp wallabies, a favoured dietary item for wild dogs in this region, suggests swamp wallabies are pivotal in maintaining transmission. Physical contact with wild dogs and foxes or accidental contact with wild canid faeces is a public health risk.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Cysticercosis in labial tissue. Case report.

Cysticercosis is a condition in which a human acts as the intermediate host of Taenia solium, a pork tapeworm. The larvae infestation sites frequently include cerebral tissue, ocular organs, and muscles. The present case report describes a rare incidence of cysticercosis in the oral region.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Cytologic diagnosis of peritoneal cestodiasis in dogs caused by Mesocestoides sp.

BACKGROUND: Canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis caused by tapeworm larvae of the genus Mesocestoides is an uncommon and possibly fatal disease that can result in ascites and peritonitis. Although abdominal fluid analysis is recommended for dogs with ascites, the cytologic features of Mesocestoides infection have not been described fully. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to describe the cytologic features of Mesocestoides larvae and of associated ascitic fluid that was collected from the peritoneal cavity of 4 infected dogs. METHODS: Abdominal fluid was obtained from 4 dogs with Mesocestoides sp infection. Gross, chemical, and microscopic evaluations of the fluid were performed using standard techniques. RESULTS: Cytologic findings in 1 dog included intact acephalic metacestodes (larvae without 4 suckers, not tetrathyridia) in various stages of asexual development, whereas fluid from the other 3 dogs contained primarily calcareous corpuscles, remnant tissue specific to cestodes. Abdominal fluid typically was an exudate, with suppuration, hemorrhage, and evidence of necrosis. Total protein concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 5.3 g/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal fluid cytology was useful in the diagnosis of Mesocestoides larval infections in the peritoneal cavity of dogs with ascites. Observation of characteristic calcareous corpuscles or intact metacestodes can provide a definitive diagnosis of canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis in dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Surgical management of intussusception in the horse.

During a 14 year period, 27 of 310 horses undergoing laparotomy because of abdominal pain were found to have an intussusception involving the small intestine (16 cases) or caecum (11 cases). The clinical signs, operative findings and techniques adopted to overcome the obstruction are described. An evaluation of possible predisposing factors provided further evidence of the important role of the tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata in initiating intussusception involving the ileum and caecum.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Eight cases of diphyllobothriasis].

Eight cases of diphyllobothriasis have been experienced in the Juntendo University Hospital. Seven of the 8 patients excreted tapeworm fragments. Eggs of Diphyllobothrium latum were found in the feces in 5 cases. One patient had a history of ingestion of raw trout (Sushi), and 2 raw salmon. One might have been infected in foreign countries, and 3 could not tell the source of infection. Bithoinol was administered orally to 7 patients. Four of the 7 excreted the worm and the scolex was recognized in three of the four. Neither recurrence nor abnormal findings have been recognized so far.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Brief survey of common intestinal parasites in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area.

Since 1955, when sanitary conditions were poor, the incidence of intestinal parasitism has steadily decreased. Similarly, the number of requests for fecal examinations by physicians has also decreased. However, in our hospital, the incidence of parasites detected in fecal material has been increasing since 1994, regardless of the decreasing number of stool exams performed. Possible reasons for this situation can be summarized as follows: First, an effective drug for treating Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis infections has reduced the incidence of these two helminths. Second, an apparent increase in the incidence of infections with the tapeworms Diphyllobothrium latum and Diplogonoporus grandis may just be a reflection of patients gathering at a few facilities for treatment. Third, the number of individuals infected with a single Ascaris is significantly increasing. Fourth, parasites related with travel abroad (Schistosoma haematobium and Opisthorchis viverrini) are appearing due to the increase in travel to and from foreign countries. Of the above, we think particular attention should be paid to the increase in A. lumbricoides infections.

Ascariasis↗