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The emphasis given to specialized information is referred, specially in what social development, particularly in biomedicine, is concerned. MEDLINE on CD-ROM is defined in ways of functioning, targets and basic skills of exploitation, in order to render profitable the potentialities in the bibliographic search. Finally, the advantages of MEDLINE on CD-ROM are stressed when compared with the online search.
In our country, cysticercosis is an endemic zoonosis due to the infestation of the larva (cysticercus) of the helminth, Tenia Solium. We Have analyzed the epidemiological data of 52 patients studied at the "Doce Octubre" hospital. The areas at risk are those western rural communities of the peninsula. Although the disease has not yet been erradicated, the lowest number of cases reported was in the 70's due to the greater health, sanitary and social development of these areas. Computorized tomography has helped to identify late manifestations of the disease.
The Colombo Plan was established in 1950 as a regional intergovernmental organization for co-operative economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific comprising 26 member States. The permanent secretariat is the Colombo Plan Bureau to which is attached the Drug Advisory Programme (DAP) headed by a drug adviser, who consults with Governments and helps develop co-operative programmes for drug abuse prevention and control. DAP functions in close liaison and co-operation with organizations of the United Nations system and other regional and international organizations in pursuing activities in line with the international strategy and policies for drug control of the United Nations. DAP assists member States in creating public awareness of the dangers of drug abuse and drug trafficking through the use of mass media, seminars, workshops and conferences and study exchange programmes. It assists Governments in updating their drug laws and in establishing special drug units and national co-ordinating bodies on drug abuse control. DAP encourages and supports the utilization of community resources and the activities of non-governmental organizations and voluntary bodies for the prevention and reduction of drug abuse, as well as the use of mass media for more co-ordinated efforts in this area. It assists member States in developing human resources and technical expertise of personnel in the various disciplines of law enforcement, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, through training, seminars, study exchange fellowship programmes and research. DAP also assists in promoting co-operation at the regional and interregional levels, and is involved in developing and strengthening co-operation between agencies of member States that deal with drug problems.
The author examines the present state of research in the countries of Latin American and the Caribbean, and the inconsistency between the increase of these activities and the lack of research policies in the health field. He reviews the constraints and problems in the Region--technical as well as institutional, economic and political--which hinder progress and undermine interest in the continuance of scientific work in health ministries. Finally, the reflections prompted by his analysis lead the author to a visualization of the possibilities and prospects for Latin America, predicated on a reorganization of institutions, the emergence of new policies, the identification of the relationships between economic and social development, and the part played in them by science and technology to bring about changes in the world.
The hypothesis is advanced that certain psychoses in adults devolve from attention deficit disorder (ADD), which has a fundamental impact on cognitive and social development and thus affects personality structure and psychodynamics. This 'ADD psychosis' often masquerades as schizophrenia or an affective disorder and hence is frequently misdiagnosed, precluding appropriate clinical intervention. Based upon clinical evidence and empirical research involving phenomenological comparisons, premorbid history, high risk studies, neurodiagnostic evaluations, and pharmacotherapeutic response, it is suggested that ADD psychosis in adults be regarded as a separate diagnostic entity. Distinguishing symptomatology, anamnesis, family history, therapeutics, as well as prognosis, are discussed. The concept of attention deficit disorder (ADD), until recently referred to as minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), has been conceived as a childhood affliction with rather specific and circumscribed manifestations. The diverse features which embrace this syndrome, such as hyperactivity and dyslexia, were first identified and subsumed under the collective banner of MBD about 2 decades ago. The complex hypotheses concerning its possible etiology have been detailed elsewhere and need not be repeated here. Rutter, based on his extensive literature review and seminal studies, has come to regard MBD as a subclinical brain disorder developing from a genetically determined biochemical abnormality, which produces symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention deficit, aggressivity, and conduct disturbance. Indeed, factor analytic studies reviewed by Rutter support the co-occurrence of these pathological features in children, yet the empirical evidence for a distinct syndrome and for a precise etiology has been admittedly weak, with some contending that MBD or ADD is simply a catch-all for disparate neurological symptoms of unknown and variable pathogenesis.
Despite its rarity, the unusual green pigmentation of a child's teeth causes great anxiety within the family and peer problems of significance for the child. Timely initiation of dental treatment to prevent disintegration of hypoplastic teeth and to offer cosmetic improvement of unusually discolored teeth must be made available to these children, to assure their normal physical, psychological, and social development. The methods, techniques, and materials available today make this possible.
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of health and nursing practices and their relationship to the economic structure and dominant means of production in Latin America. The analysis stems from a division of economic history into the following periods: 1900 to 1930, 1930 to 1960, and from the end of 1960 to present. The writer examines the characteristics of economic and social development in each of those periods and correlates them with health and nursing practices. She delves particularly into the predominant forms of nursing practice and the various approaches to training for auxiliary, technical, and professional staff. She seeks to show that both practice and knowledge in the field of health and nursing are related to the process of economic production. She suggests that recognition of this fact would contribute to a better understanding of the problems confronting the health and education sectors and would permit a search for more realistic solutions to the problems.
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Adult male rhesus monkeys were housed in nuclear families containing adult female mates, offspring, and other infants and adults. Behaviors exhibited by the adult males were recorded 4 days per week over a 37-month period; in interactions involving other monkeys, the identity and the responses of those participants were also recorded. The results indicated that, although adult males were less active and more stable in their behavioral levels than mates or offspring, they clearly distributed both initiates and responses differently to male offspring, female offspring, mates, and both infant and adult monkeys from other families. These results suggest that adult males have the potential to play more important roles in the social development of infants than had been previously suspected on the basis of field data. Implications for human father-infant interactions are discussed.
At birth, nine infant male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) weighed an average of 402 g and 16 infant female cynomolgus monkeys weighed an average of 362 g. Both female and male infants last 15-20 g by the fourth day after birth. Female and male infants showed a growth rate of approximately 4 and 5 g body wt/day, respectively, from 4 to 150 days of age. Caloric intake increased from approximately 140 cal/gkg body weight/day in both females and males on the first day after birth to peak values of 325 and 290 cal/kg body weight/day in females and males, respectively, and subsequently declined to about 200 cal/kg/day in males and 250 cal/kg/day for females. Total calories consumed per day increased from 53 cal/day in females and 68 cal/day in males to approximately 200 cal/day after 60 days of age in both females and males. Erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin values decreased from birth to 2 weeks of age, then stabilized. An increase in lymphocyte count, with a concomitant decrease in mature neutrophils, was observed from birth to 6 weeks of age. "Temper fits" and certain aggressive behavioral signs were observed as early as 3-4 days after birth, and infants began to develop social orders as early as the 30-40th day. Behavioral abnormalities frequently seen in infants reared in isolation were not observed.
A 3 year old mentally retarded boy with convulsions and a disturbed motor, speech and social development is presented. A persistent hyperlysinaemia, lysinuria and saccharopinuria was found. Treatment with a diet restricted in lysine seems favourable.
The main purpose of this paper is presentation of chosen methods of reintegration into main stream from the point of psychological, social development and physical capacity, in children with cancer. These methods concern to: investigation of parents' attitude towards children with cancer, group psychological therapy, evaluation of general physical capacity of the children and their locomotion function. There were done preliminary analysis of parents' attitude of children with cancer in diagnostic period. It consists a trial in verification of chosen methods.
The second world war ended many years ago. Most of those who survived the stay at the German concentration camp at Auschwitz have already died of the consequences of their imprisonment; those still alive are already in the last third of their life. Is there any point in returning to the experiences of those days? Consideration of the mental hygiene of former prisoners cautions us that perhaps we should not do it. But consideration of the general interest holds that we are not entitled to ignore any knowledge that can contribute to social development--including medicine and psychology--even if acquired under unspeakably awful conditions. In addition, since the war new generations have grown up that play an increasingly significant role in various spheres of life but have little concrete information about those events; they can neither rationally nor emotionally understand how the horrors connected with fascism and the war could have happened. In a sense it is encouraging that they cannot grasp such inhuman behavior; nevertheless, we must adhere to the following motto: "Nothing must be forgotten, nobody will be forgotten." We owe it to those millions who did not survive--both the victims of the Holocaust and those who fought against it. These are arguments in favor of returning to the facts that are ineffaceably recorded somewhere in our memories. In doing so, however, we must remember that at times we are revisiting experiences of a boy of 14 as recalled by a 50-year-old man. The material below, examining the medical as well as psychological aspects of imprisonment at Auschwitz, is based on my own memories, as an adolescent imprisoned at Auschwitz. I have tried to move from this individual account to more general statements, although the methodological apparatus on which scientific analysis is usually based is absent.
A descriptive study of fertility and mortality in a Greenlandic whaling and sealing community of approximately 1 800 individuals during the period 1950-74 was performed on the basis of data from parish records and medical reports. Fertility was on the increase until approximately 1960 after which it declined considerably. No significant reduction in the high stillbirth and infant mortality rates could be demonstrated. A considerable reduction in overall mortality was observed and could be attributed to the eradication of tuberculosis as a cause of death. The results are discussed in the light of data from Greenland as a whole, which in general has been characterized by intense industrialization and social development. Further comparative studies in Arctic communities characterized by varying degrees of socio-economic development are recommended.
When the therapeutic alliance between physician or psychotherapist, and epileptic patient is seriously disrupted (non-compliance) group psychotherapy is capable of bringing about marked changes in coping with the epileptic condition. Even a brief therapy of 20 sessions with epileptic young people undergoing initial vocational training contributes to their learning to perceive problems present in their vocational-social development, as well as various disease phenomena and therapeutic possibilities. Eight young adults aged 18-20 years who had been referred to the Annedore Leber Vocational Training Centre for psychological and neurological examination suffered from frequent seizures, which had in each case been attributable to non-compliance. On completion of therapy, serum levels of anti-epileptic drugs had reached the therapeutic range. None of them failed to complete their vocational training.
Longitudinal mental test scores for 54 educationally treated disadvantaged preschool children at high-risk for nonbiologically based mild mental retardation and 53 control children were compared. The educationally treated children were in a child-centered prevention-oriented intervention program delivered in a daycare setting from infancy to age 5. Language, cognitive, perceptual-motor, and social development were stressed. Children were examined with age-appropriate tests of development at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 42, 48, and 54 months of age. Beginning at 18 months, and on every test occasion thereafter, educationally treated children significantly outscored control group children on mental tests; treated children consistently scored at the national average whereas control children's scores declined from the average level at 12 months to below average at 18 months and thereafter. Implications of the results for early intervention were discussed.
The prophylaxis and clearing-up rate of deviating sexual behaviour of adolescents could be favourably influenced, if doctors, teachers and judicial administrators had a better knowledge of the phenomenology of sexual delicts as well as sexual delinquents. 87 expert opinions on juvenile sexual delinquents were analysed under this aspect. In the majority of cases sexual delicts of adolescents reveal a far more extensive disturbance in their individual and social development.