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At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Differentiation of human scalp hair follicle keratinocytes in culture.

The morphology of human scalp hair follicle keratinocytes, cultured on the bovine eye lens capsule, is studied by light and electron microscopy. The hair follicle keratinocytes in the stratified cultures are characterized by the presence of numerous tonofilaments, desmosomes and lysosomes and by the presence of glycogen accumulations. The cells in the upper layers develop a cornified envelope. Moreover, an incomplete basal lamina is found between the capsule and the basal cells. However, some features of epidermal keratinocytes in vivo, such as keratohyalin granules and stratum corneum formation, are absent. Analysis of the polypeptides by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also reveals differences between the cultured hair follicle cells and epidermis, whilst the patterns of cultured cells and hair follicle sheaths are similar. The morphological and protein biosynthetic aspects of terminal differentiation of the keratinocytes in vitro are correlated. These results are discussed in the light of the findings with cultured epidermal keratinocytes, reported in the literature.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1986

Endothelial intracellular vacuoles in angiosarcoma of the scalp.

Ultrastructural observations of an angiosarcoma of the scalp revealed intracellular vacuoles both in undifferentiated and in angiomatous areas of the tumor. These structures resembled closely the 'intracytoplasmic vacuoles' described by Furusato et al. (1984); they did not appear to result from tangential sectioning through the tips of capillary loops since single endothelial cells often contained more than one intracellular vacuole. The vacuoles were separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane that was complete in some and interrupted in others. Ultrastructural examination of serial sections of endothelial cells revealed occasional tears in the septum between two adjacent intracellular vacuoles. It is suggested that a number of membrane-bound vacuoles may develop in the cytoplasm of autolytic endothelial cells and that subsequent fusion results in the production of a single intracellular vacuole.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Treatment of recalcitrant wounds with autologous epidermal equivalents. After excision of multiple cylindromas of the scalp].

A 63 year old man developed non-healing ulcerations after en-bloc resection of multiple cylindromas of the scalp. After excision and granulation-stimulating local therapy, the wound was covered with mesh grafts from the thighs. He developed widespread tension blisters with superficial ulcerations in the occipital region which did not heal despite adequate topical therapy. We then treated him successfully with EpiDex, a tissue engineered fully differentiated epidermal equivalent derived from keratinocytes of the outer root sheath of plucked anagen hair follicles. We introduce this treatment modality as a non-invasive effective option in treating non-healing ulcers.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed2001

[Multiple pigmented basalioma of the scalp in a patient with Curschmann-Steinert myotonia dystrophica. Confirmation of a rare symptom constellation].

A 50-year-old woman presented with myotonic dystrophy (Curschmann-Steinert disease) and multiple pigmented basal cell carcinomas of the scalp. She also had typical androgenetic alopecia seen in this disorder. In 1986 Stieler and Plewig described the first patient with myotonic dystrophy and multiple basal cell carcinomas. There may be a genetic predisposition for cutaneous tumors with follicular origin, as multiple pilomatricomas also occur frequently in such patients.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1998

Scalp distribution components of brain activity evoked by visual motion stimuli.

We analyzed the scalp distribution of electrical brain activity elicited by visual motion stimuli in 14 healthy adults. Stimuli were square-wave gratings of high or low contrast moving with a velocity of 4.9 deg/s on a computer monitor. Adaptation to motion was varied by changing the so-called duty cycle of stimulus presentation (i.e., the relation of motion to total presentation time) in order to enhance motion-related activity. Data obtained with motion stimuli were compared with checkerboard pattern reversal evoked activity. Spatial principal components analysis revealed four latent topographical components that accounted for 92.05% of the variance. Two components showed occipital extreme values surrounded by steep potential gradients while another two components displayed lateralized activity. Analysis of the contribution of these spatial components to the observed potential fields revealed significant differences between activity evoked by pattern reversal and that evoked by motion. The topographical patterns of cortical activation changed rapidly within 240 ms after motion onset. Our results confirm the sequential and parallel activation of different neuronal generators selectively sensitive to physical stimulus parameters of motion stimuli. The converging evidence of specialized quality-specific streams of sensory processing stemming from single-unit recordings in monkeys and imaging methods is supplemented by our electrophysiological results reflecting the activation of different brain areas.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2001

Scalp potentials to pitch change in rapid tone sequences. A correlate of sequential stream segregation.

The object of the study was to look for a neurophysiological substrate of sequential auditory stream segregation. When a sequence of tones alternates rapidly between pitches separated by more than a few semitones, there is a tendency for it to be perceived as two independent "streams". We examined the scalp potentials evoked when the pitch interval abruptly changes, to see whether there are response parameters which might be correlated with sudden stream segregation and/or integration. For 3 s a continuous synthesized tone of "clarinet" timbre oscillated between pitches of F4 and F#4 (one semitone higher) at 16 notes/s, perceived as an integrated stream. The upper note was then raised to E5 (11 semitones above F4, perceived as segregated streams) for a further 3 s and the cycle was repeated 40 times. In a second condition also starting with oscillation between F4 and F#4, the upper note was lowered to E4 (one semitone below F4, still perceived as a single stream). Further conditions examined the changes between oscillations of 1 and 11 semitones down from E5, 1 and 23 semitones up from F4, and 10 and 11 semitones up from F4. Virtually no potentials were detectable during the periods of unchanging oscillation, but an N1/P2 complex was evoked on each change in the pitch interval. The N1 was termed "MN1" on account of its arguable relatedness to the mismatch negativity, recorded in a separate experiment using discontinuous tones at a much slower rate. The mean peak latency of the MN1 varied between 96 and 123 ms, the shortest latencies being recorded, not to the largest changes of pitch interval but to the widest pitch intervals between the new tone and the immediately preceding one. Therefore, although a causal relationship with streaming cannot necessarily be inferred, the MN1 latency appears to mark the degree of pitch contrast between consecutive tones, in correlation with the streaming effect.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic forehead-scalp flap fixation with K-wire.

A new technique of direct fixation of the endoscopically elevated scalp-periosteal flap to the underlying skeleton using transcutaneous K-wires is described. The technique is very simple to perform. It is expedient. The instrument requirement is minimal. The level of elevation of the brow can be determined and fixed reliably. Postoperative care is simple and is accepted well by the patients. A couple of instrumentation options are described.

Bone Wires↗
PubMed2002

Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp.

CASE REPORT: We report the case of a newborn baby who presented with scalp aplasia cutis congenita and an underlying skull defect. DISCUSSION: We discuss the diverse options for the management of this condition and the feasibility of early surgical repair in the light of the current literature. We also comment on the possible role of benzodiazepines in the genesis of this lesion.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2002

HPLC with electrochemical detection for determining the distribution of free fatty acids in skin surface lipids from the human face and scalp.

Free fatty acids (FFAs) in human skin surface lipids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The amperometric detection of FFAs was based on electrochemical reduction of quinone, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (vitamin K(3), VK(3)) in unbuffered solution. The peak heights for lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids at a detection potential of -415 mV vs a saturated calomel electrode showed a linear relationship with the amounts of acid in the range of 50-1600 pmol. Standard acids at 200 pmol were determined ten times with a relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 1.5%. FFAs from about 1 mg of skin surface lipids absorbed on 5 x 5 mm pieces of oil-absorbing paper were extracted with 200 microl ethanol-acetonitrile (20:80) to prepare the test solution, of which 20 microl was injected into the octadecylsilica column. The results of the analysis of skin surface lipids from the forehead of a male subject were measured within 15 min of obtaining the sample. The RSD ( n=5) in all cases was less than 4.5%, and the recovery of FFAs was more than 94%. Since the size of the lipid samples was very small for the analytical method, FFAs were determined in skin surface lipids from 50 points on the head of a male volunteer and the FFA distribution on the face and scalp were mapped. The present method is noninvasive, sensitive, selective for FFAs and suitable for the determination of FFAs in skin surface lipids of humans, and has the potential to help in the diagnosis and treatment of various skin disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Enzyme digestion to isolate and culture human scalp dermal papilla cells: a more efficient method.

In this study, we show a more efficient method for isolation and cultivation of dermal papilla cells from hair follicles of human scalp skin. The dermal partments of low hair follicles were pulled out from cutaneous fat and the bulb epithelium was teased out from the fibrous sheath with attached dermal papilla by applying gentle pressure with the tip of an occal forceps. When these fibrous sheaths were entirely digested into isolated cells by collagenase D but the dermal papillae were justly to be digested, collagenase D was discarded and the dermal papillae were isolated completely out from the resuspension solution by repeated low-speed centrifugation and transferred to another dish for free-floating culture. This procedure markedly simplifies the steps of isolated dermal papilla operation and relieves the laborious tension. Furthermore, dermal papillae could be isolated on a large-scale and remained intact. After collagenase digestion, the dermal papillae showed very high adherent rate and quicker growth than that of microdissection, which suggests that the definition factor of dermal papilla cell migration was relaxed and some structure had been activated or exposed. The cells exhibited a multi-layer forming property and spread-out growth style. They showed positive with alcian blue, with toluidine blue O for different gradient pH and PAS, which was similar to the staining results of in situ dermal papilla. It suggests that the culture papilla cells still synthesize and excrete neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides. Our results demonstrate that the papilla cells in culture condition still remain the ability to synthesize the specific extracellular matrix components of in situ dermal papilla, which supports the concept that the dermal papilla cell, a highly specialized fibroblast, especially is involved in hair growth regulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Hair follicle reformation induced by dermal papilla cells from human scalp skin.

To investigate the possibility of hair follicle reformation induced by dermal papilla cells in vivo and in vitro. Dermal papilla cells, dermal sheath cells obtained from human scalp skin by enzyme digestion were mixed with collagen to form mesenchymal cell-populated collagen gels. Superior and inferior epithelial cells and bulb matrical cells were then cultured on these gels by organotypic culture to recombine bilayer artificial skins. Dermal papilla cells and outer root sheath keratinocytes were mingled together and transplanted under subcutaneous tissue of the dorsal skin of nude mice. The results of histologic examination was observed with HE stain. These recombinants by organotypic culture all reformed bilayer structure like nature skin. Hair follicle-like structure reformation was found in dermal sheath cell-populated collagen gel when combined with superior or inferior epithelial cells. Dermal papilla cells also induced superior and inferior epithelial cells to form hair follicle on nude mice. Low passage dermal papilla cells mixed with hair follicle epithelial cells reformed many typical hair follicle structures and produced hair fibres after transplantation on nude mice. The dermal part of hair follicle, such as dermal papilla cells and dermal sheath cells, has the ability to induce hair follicle formation by interaction with the epithelial cells of hair follicle.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to metastatic angiosarcoma of the scalp: report of a case.

Angiosarcoma is a highly malignant neoplasm, which most often develops on the scalp or face of elderly people. Common distant metastatic sites include the lung, liver, lymph nodes, and skin. We report a case of angiosarcoma manifesting as simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary metastases in an 86-year-old man. The pneumothorax preceded the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. Chest computed tomography showed multiple thin-walled cavitary metastatic pulmonary lesions, which increased in size as new lesions appeared over the clinical course of several months. This case suggests that a finding of simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax may indicate a serious parenchymal lung disorder.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2006

Askin tumor with metastasis to the scalp: a histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

A 29-year-old woman presented with facial edema, and imaging disclosed a tumor extending from the anterior chest wall to the anterosuperior aspect of the mediastinum. Transbronchial cytology of the primary tumor and biopsy of the metastatic scalp lesion were performed. Histologically, the tumor consisted of closely packed small round cells. The neoplastic cells generally had round nuclei, finely dispersed chromatin, and small to prominent nucleoli. Histochemically, the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells contained abundant glycogen and stained with Grimelius silver. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cell membranes reacted with CD99 (MIC2) and the neoplastic nuclei reacted with Fli-1, but various other markers, including lymphocyte and skeletal muscle markers, were not detected. No neoplastic cells were also reactive for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and neurofilament. Ultrastructurally, some neoplastic cells had delicate cytoplasmic processes and contained membrane-bound dense core granules in the cytoplasm. Even if results are immunohistochemically negative for neuroendocrine markers, the combination of immunohistochemistry of CD99 (MIC2) and Fil-1 may be useful in diagnosing Askin tumor or its metastatic lesion.

12E7 Antigen↗
PubMed1998

[Gigantic proliferating trichilemmal cyst of the scalp with central carcinoma and lymph node metastasis].

We report the case of a 77 year old woman with a giant proliferating trichilemmal cyst of the scalp and a central squamous-cell carcinoma. Six months after radical tumor-excision and dissection of the locoregionary lymph nodes the patient developed retroclavicular lymph node metastases. The tumor develops from cells of the hair matrix and tends to recur after excision; in rare cases malignant transformation may occur. We suggest radical excision and complete histological examination of the tumor. In cases of malignancy, lymph node-dissection is sometimes necessary. In these cases close postoperative follow-up of the patient is mandatory.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Scalp topography and intracerebral sources for ERPs recorded during auditory target detection.

The goal of this study was to measure the scalp topography of the event-related potentials (ERPs) during the detection of improbable auditory targets and to determine the intracerebral sources of these potentials. ERPs were recorded when subjects listened to a sequence of spoken words and detected occasional (p = 0.2) targets defined either by the gender of the speaker (male/female) or the meaning of the word (animate/inanimate). Waveforms were evaluated in relation to category (target versus standard) and task (voice versus semantic). Dipole source analysis was performed using locations obtained from fMRI. Fronto-central negative waves (N450 and N600 ms) generated by sources in both the auditory cortex and frontal regions were larger for semantic tasks and larger over the left hemisphere. A large parieto-occipital positive wave (P700) occurring with a peak latency about 150 ms before the reaction time was mainly generated in the left temporo-parietal regions for the semantic task and bilaterally for the voice task. About 300 ms after the P700, a highly lateralized right temporo-parietal positive wave P1000r occurred with a source in the right temporo-parietal area. These results indicate three distinct physiological processes underlie the detection of auditory targets. Perceptual discrimination is related to interactions between the frontal and temporal regions, stimulus-response association occurs in the temporo-parietal regions and post-perceptual processing in the right temporo-parietal region.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2005

A comparative study based on gender and age dependence of selected metals in scalp hair.

Levels of 10 metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr and Ni) in the scalp hair of male and female donors, with age groups between 3 and 100 years, were determined by ICP-AES. In total, 58 male and 30 female hair samples were analyzed in triplicate. The donors belonged to the rural area of district Chakwal, a well-known typical non-urban site in Pakistan. Calcium showed the highest concentration of 462 microg/g in the hair of males and 870 microg/g in those of females followed by Zn, at 208 and 251 microg/g for the two sexes. For male donors, Cd showed the lowest concentration (1.15 microg/g) while for female donors Co remained at minimum level (0.92 microg/g). The order of decreasing metal concentration in the hair of male donors was: Ca > Zn > Mg > Fe > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cr > Co > Cd while that for female donors it was: Ca > Zn > Mg > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cd > Co. The female group exhibited enhanced levels of all selected metals except Fe and Co in their hair as compared with the male counterparts. A strong bivariate positive correlation was found between Fe and Zn (r = 0.841) for the hair samples from male category while for the female category, strong positive correlations were observed between Ca-Mg (r = 0.617), Ca-Zn (r = 0.569), Ca-Mn (r = 0.565), Mg-Mn (r = 0.655), Cr-Cu (r = 0.655) and Cr-Ni (r = 0.685). The distribution of metals in the hair of donors with respect to different age groups was also investigated for both genders. The study showed that in case of males, the concentration of all selected metals decreased with increasing age except for Cu, Co and Cr. However, for females the hair metal levels increased with age, except for Co for which the concentration decreased with age. No appreciable change in the metal concentration was observed as a function of age for the combined sexes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Brain metastases from apocrine carcinoma of the scalp: case report.

Apocrine carcinoma is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm that occurs most frequently in the axilla. Although it usually shows an indolent clinical course, it often metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and sometimes to lungs or bones. However, a literature search did not reveal any report describing the detailed clinical course of brain metastases from apocrine carcinoma. We report a case of a 54-year-old male who suffered from multiple brain metastases from apocrine carcinoma that had originated in the scalp 6 years before. The brain metastases appeared in spite of several regimens of chemotherapy for lung metastases for two years. The tumor in the right frontal lobe was successfully operated. However, the small tumor in the right occipital lobe was not cured by gamma knife surgery, and eventually required second operation. The operation had contributed to his neurologically independent life for about one year until he died for gradual progression of lung metastases. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of metastatic brain tumor from apocrine carcinoma.

Apocrine Glands↗