[The Russian Railway Hygiene Research Center is 80 years].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Environmental Monitoring↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “RAILROADS”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[The efficacy of bioelectrostimulation in treating patients with burn injuries].
The paper describes the data obtained by Soviet and American physicians who took part in the treatment of patients burnt in the Bashkiria accident (an outburst of petroleum products). It was established that in deep burns bioelectrostimulation combined with early necrectomy and autodermoplasty yielded the best therapeutic results.
Accidents, Traffic↗
With London bombings. Britain's public service ethos comes to the fore.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Emergency Medical Services↗
[Comparative analysis of methods evaluating ergonomic risks].
The authors demonstrated appropriateness of some subjective methods evaluating strain in workers engaged into road building and determined work hardiness categories, considering peculiarities of individual methods. Calculations using empiric equations covered energy consumption during workers' dynamic activities. Empiric equations were proved to point to higher energy consumption, if compared to results of experimental methods. Objective evaluation of work hardiness involved heart rhythm monitoring through a device transforming heart rate into metabolic energy, kcal/min.
Calorimetry, Indirect↗
[A complex forensic-medical molecular-genetic examination of the victims of terroristic bombing in Moscow underground].
The authors emphasize the need in coordination when conducting expert examinations in investigation of accidents with a great number of victims. Coordination is of special importance for combined application of molecular-genetic technologies and standard forensic medical investigations. The experience in experts cooperation in investigation of terroristic bombing in Moscow underground on February 6, 2004, according to algorithm of combined use of conventional forensic medical methods and innovating techniques of molecular-genetic identification for personal identification of dead bodies in accidents with a great number of victims is demonstrated.
Algorithms↗
Cytological value of sputum in workers daily exposed to air pollution.
In this study, quantitative modifications of dust cells, siderocytes, Curschmann's spirals and asbestos bodies and qualitative modifications (cellular changes and inflammatory infiltrate) in the sputum of 164 traffic police officers and 218 railway workers, occupationally exposed to environmental pollution, and the sputum of 119 inhabitants of a rural area, were evaluated. The results were correlated with time of exposure and smoking habits. Seventy-three (45%) traffic police officers (TPO), 76 (35%) railway workers (RW) and 29 (24%) of the rural population (RP) were smokers. The sputum, collected over a 3-day period, was smeared on glass slides and stained according to the Papanicolaou, Perl and yellow eosin methods. The results of the qualitative cytological diagnosis revealed a statistically significant difference between the TPO, RW and the RP (p < 0.001). The results of the qualitative and quantitative cytological examinations were not significantly correlated to time of occupational exposure, which was considered to be a continuous variable. The qualitative cytological examination of sputa was not statistically significant for the smoking habits of the TPO and the RP, but was significant for the RW (p < 0.0067). In the TPO, the number of dust cells was higher in smokers, and the relative risk (RR) was 3.95. In the RW, the RR was 2.84. The results of our study revealed that for the RW, the qualitative-quantitative cytological alterations in sputum were due much more to smoking habits than to occupational exposure, while the presence of asbestos bodies correlated with work activity. The qualitative-quantitative cytological examinations of the TPO differed significantly from that of the other two populations.
Adult↗
The effect of shiftwork related fatigue on the family life of train operators: implications for safety and health professionals.
Drawing upon an original research study about the effects of fatigue on train operators, the present article focuses upon family issues as having the most significant impact on the participants. Family support, for example, represents an important mechanism for managing and coping with fatigue. Family support comprises understanding of the physiological and emotional issues surrounding shiftwork and erratic work schedules. This article explores the impact of fatigue upon a variety of family and relational issues. This inquiry describes the impact of family on the broader employee view of managing fatigue that considers such comprehensive issues as perception of the work environment, emotional stability, personal control concerns and other positive attributes. These issues ultimately impact the health, productivity and performance of employees. Final discussion includes implications for workplace application of the research findings.
Adult↗
Devastating consequences of subway accidents: traumatic amputations.
The efficiencies of the subway system are tempered by the occurrence of accidents, some with devastating injuries. The purpose of this study is to examine our experience with traumatic amputations after subway accidents. A retrospective trauma registry review (1989-2003) of 41 patients who presented to Bellevue Hospital, New York City, with amputations from subway accidents was undertaken to examine the following end points: age, sex, Injury Severity Score, time and mechanism of accident, history of psychiatric disorders and alcohol use, admission vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale score, amputation type, associated injuries, limb salvage rate, operative procedures, mortality, and disposition. Elevated alcohol levels and prior psychiatric diagnoses were present in 39 per cent and 17 per cent of the patients, respectively. Patients were stable on admission with a mean systolic blood pressure of 114 mmHg, hematocrit of 32, and Glasgow Coma Scale score range of 13 to 15. The most common amputation was below knee, and patients underwent an average of three operative procedures. Limb salvage was attempted in eight patients with no successes. Amputation wound infection rate was 32 per cent and mortality rate was 5 per cent. Victims of subway trauma who arrive at the hospital with devastating amputations have an excellent chance of surviving to discharge.
Accidents↗
[Mental disorders during and after natural disasters and catastrophies].
Analysis is made of mental disorders seen in 3431 victims followed up by psychiatrists in 11 large-scale catastrophies and natural disasters. Three periods of the development of the life-threatening situation were distinguished, during which one can see different states of mental disadaptation and morbid disorders. The clinical picture of such disorders is provided.
Accidents↗
["Railway" paranoid disorder and forced insomnia].
The relationship between forced insomnia and acute transitory exogenous psychosis named "railway paranoid" is under discussion. According to the author's data, forced insomnia precedes that psychosis in all the cases; it lasts from 2 to 5 days, being consequent on a tiresome journey. A permanent and direct relationship can be elucidated between the duration of insomnia and the depth of paranoid. Psychosis is eliminated after a deep sleep and subsequent asthenia. In experimental sleep deprivation described by some authors, the general regularities were established between psychosis in question and the status of disturbed consciousness. The conclusion is made that forced insomnia causes railway paranoid. It is of importance to stress that all attempts to discover some other psychogenic factor which would explain the exogenous structure of the given psychosis have so far ended in failure.
Acute Disease↗
[Survey of the 50 Hz electric field intensity distribution in drivers' cabs of the electric locomotives].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Electromagnetic Fields↗
[The principles of protection of work and workers' health of Tbilisi metro in modern social-economic conditions].
At the present stage of development of the country, at the time of total social-economical changes, providing the employed part of the population with safe work conditions and qualified health protection system plays an important role and it needs corresponding legislative basis. In the system of these measures the most important thing is organizing a comprehensive research with the aim of studying the work conditions and the state of health of workers engaged in national economy and working out complex sanitary actions. The comprehensive research has manifested the unfavourable state of factors of work and industrial environment (mental and emotional exertion, high level of dustiness). This exerts a significant influence on the functional state of Tbilisi metro workers. Cardiovascular and nervous system pathologies are the main factors in the state of health. On the grounds of clinico-hygienic comparison they can be related to industrial conditional diseases. On the basis of conducted the complex research recommendations about the improvement of work factors and the health state of Tbilisi metro workers (particularly those of organizational character) have been developed.
Georgia (Republic)↗
[Health emergencies and first aid at construction sites in the Tuscany Region. The high speed and varying free way of Valico].
From 1996 the territory of Tuscany region and in particular that one of ASL 10 of Florence, has been interested from the realization of great works: the railway line to High Speed and varying of Valico of the A1 freeway between Florence and Bologna. ASL 10 has stipulated specific economic agreements with the been involved companies in the realization of the plans for a plan finalized to the prevention of the industrial accidents and to limit of the gravity with timely aids it adapts to you also in gallery, to guarantee to the workers the same performances sanitary of the city residents, to guarantee and to improve the quality of existing sanitary services on the territories in spite of the increase of the population weighing on the consequent territory to the takeover of the workers it engages to you in the realization of the great works. This plan has been realized with the creation of integrated aid system a to strengthen the territorial sanitary emergency, I extend the access to the base medicine to the workers and has not been able itself to answer to 93% of the question sanitary to the inside of the same yards with the infirmaries of yard without to resort to external structures.
Accidents, Occupational↗
Cardiovascular risk factors and risk behaviors in railway workers. Professional stress and cardiovascular risk.
UNLABELLED: The research considers the hypothesis that stressful professions, such as engine driver, influence the morbidity and mortality through cardiovascular diseases and favour some harmful habits with an impact upon cardiovascular morbidity. METHODS: There were selected for study 496 engine drivers, males, and a control group of 305 males. They were questioned about: name, address, family history, pathological personal history, alcohol intake, smoking, diet habits, physical activity, sleeping hours and stress perception. There were measured: height, weight, blood pressure. There were determined: fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. RESULTS: Hypertension was registered in 23.5% of the engine drivers and in only 9.5% the control group (P<0.05). Dyslipidemia was noted in 57.4% of the engine drivers and 52.45% of the control group. Prevalence of smoking and overweight was higher in the control group. Unhealthy dietary patterns and physical inactivity were present in both groups, the circadian rhythms were altered only for engine drivers and questionnaires for stress perception showed higher irritability in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of some risk factors is higher for engine drivers, but for the others it is not. Also it seems that professional stress favours some harmful habits such as tobacco smoking, but the control group smokes more and they are inactive individuals with a great amount of irritability. The results do not totally sustain the idea we started from, that engine driver is a stressful profession; it seems that the effort/reward imbalance is more important than job-demand itself.
Adult↗
[Evaluation of the efficiency of preventive medical examinations of railway transport workers].
The paper reflects the priority role of preliminary and periodic medical examinations in the system of measures implemented by therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions of the Ministry of Railway of Russia. It gives a comprehensive assessment of the medical, social, and economic aspects of the efficiency of preventive medical examinations. Emphasis is laid on the necessity of elaborating methods to evaluate the economic efficiency of medical measures under the conditions of market economy. At the same time, light is shed on the difficulties available when a full-scale, within the whole industry, economic evaluation of periodic medical examinations is made. The role of a cost-effect analysis is shown as the most flexible existing principle in the evaluation of the efficiency of medical preventive measures.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
KAMEDO report no. 80: train accident in England, 1999.
The train crash that occurred in London in 1999 resulted in 31 dead and almost 300 injured persons. Mobilized resources allowed for the application of normal treatment principles. Available resources were in excess of what was needed. The procedures implemented were judged as adequate. Responses followed the management plan formulated over many years and experiences. The rotating command procedures used worked well. Multiple communications systems were used, including landline telephones, mobile telephones, and radios. Plans should include caring for both adults and children. Well-planned psychosocial services and functional compute services are essential components.
Accidents↗
[Current problems of occupational morbidity on the railway transport].
The paper discusses the present working conditions on railway transport, by using the results of employee rating, characterizes railway services showing the greatest magnitude of adverse and dangerous factors of working conditions. It also characterizes occupational morbidity in railway transport workers over 5 years (1999-2003) and by hazards problems of occupational morbidity and by basic services: locomotive, wagon, and track ones. The paper also presents the rates of disability due to occupational diseases, characterizes the priorities of prevention of occupational diseases on the railway transport.
Adult↗
The epidemiology of the railway related casualties.
BACKGROUND: Railway related accidents and incidents account for 150-200 deaths per 100 million passengers annually in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of these casualties. METHODS: The data about railway related casualties between January 1997 and December 2003 were retrospectively analyzed in Turkey. RESULTS: Railway related accidents and incidents resulted in 213,3 deaths per year per 100 million passengers during the study period. Train-pedestrian accidents caused highest number of mortality and level crossing accidents caused highest numbers of casualty. Furthermore, suicide attempts had highest mortality ratio in railway related accidents. The majority of the fatalities and injuries occurred in males for every type of incident and most of the injuries have taken place in the 25-60 age group. Summer time was the season with the highest number of fatalities and injuries. CONCLUSION: Measures should be taken to improve railway safety. These include prevention of direct exposure of pedestrians to the railway tracts and conditioning the level crossings.
Accidents↗