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PubMedDate not supplied

[Malpractice in internal medicine in the case material of the Forensic Medicine Department, Medical University of Lódź, Poland].

Legal opinions in the area of internal medicine, opinionated by the Forensic Medicine Department, Medical University of Lódź, Poland in 2002, were selected for further analysis and assessment in the course of medical treatment. During this period opinions were given in 20 cases, most of which concerned cardiovascular, secondly respiratory, followed by, endocrine diseases. In half of the cases analyzed it was determined that medical treatment had been incorrect. All of the objectionable diagnostic and therapeutic procedures evidenced some form of decisional error. In most cases errors were made in the diagnosis, as a result of neglect in performing necessary examinations, or of erroneous interpretation of results obtained.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Zoonotic reservoir of Babesia microti in Poland.

Babesiosis is as one of the emerging human and animal diseases transmitted by ticks. It is caused intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus Babesia. Current evidence of human babesiosis suggests that the majority of cases are involved by Babesia divergens and Babesia microti piroplasms. As zoonotic reservoir of B. microti serve small mammals--insectivores and rodents. The occurrence of this parasite in natural environment in Poland is documented for various regions, in the wide range of mammal hosts. The most important role as Babesia microti reservoir play Microtus voles. The prevalence of infection in Microtus arvalis studied in Mazurian Lakeland is 9-33%; in Microtus agrestis in Katowice agglomeration reach almost 50%, Microtus oeconomus in Białowieza 7.7-50%. The lesser role as zoonotic reservoir play Clethrionomys voles, Apodemus mice and shrews; the prevalence of infections in these mammals don't exceed 2 %. The vectors for B. microti piroplasms in middle-European conditions are Ixodes ricinus, I. trianguliceps and Dermacentor reticulatus. There were recorded the infections of Ixodes ricinus ticks with B. microti in Szczecin and Tri-City, the rate was 6.2-13.3%. The variation in B. microti prevalence in rodents and ticks is very changeable and determined by season, the interaction with other hemoparasites, host's age and local conditions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Subjective health complaints and psychological distress in adolescents aged 15-19 years in Poland].

AIM: To analyse the relationships between selected subjective health complaints and psychological distress of 15-19 yrs old adolescents in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The health survey of the population was conducted by the Central Statistical Office in 1996 in 19203 households inhabited by 62749 people. Dates were received from 5407 adolescents of 15-19 yrs, using AZD-2 questionnaire. Questions concerning subjective health complaints and psychological distress, tested by modified scale GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), was answered by 3708 adolescents. RESULTS: Subjective health complaints reported 1.9-27.5% of adolescents in the age of 15-19. They experienced feeling nervous and irritability the most often (more than 20% under survey), the most rarely -- insomnia and apathy. Every tenth questioned adolescent at the age 15-19 experienced psychological distress. Psychological distress occurred more often in girls, people living in town and raised with age. Risk of subjective health complaints was higher for people with distress. The highest risk (8 times) was for apathy and insomnia. Psychological distress increased the risk of subjective health complaints for boys more than for girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social determinants of repeated injuries in pupils aged 11-15 years, in Poland].

AIM: To analyse relationships between selected elements of family, school and peer environments and susceptibility to medically treated repeated injuries in pupils aged 11, 13 and 15 yrs in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survey was carried out in 2002 on the representative sample of pupils (N=6383), within the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: A WHO Collaborative Cross-national Study (HBSC). RESULTS: Outcomes of the study indicate that frequency of repeated injuries amounts to 8.6% and rises for pupils from incomplete families (for children living with stepmother OR=3.6, 95% CI 1.40-8.99), being in touch with many friends (OR=2.35, 95% CI 1.82-3.03), whose parents are not ready to help them with school problems (OR=4.28, 95% CI 2.24-8.18) and teachers are not friendly (OR=2.79, 95% CI 1.78-4.38). CONCLUSIONS: Improving relations in families and schools can help in decreasing the frequency of repeated injuries among adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Cigarette smoking and the age of natural menopause in women in Poland].

The empirical basis for this work has been the material obtained from cross-sectional studies carried out in the years 1998 to 2002, among women living in Poland. The material included data on 3793 women aged from 35 to 69 years. The women who participated in the research varied with regards to the age, education and socio-economic status. Menopausal status and median age at menopause was estimated with the use of retrospective and status-quo methods. It found out that the median age at natural menopause, estimated by probit analysis, was 50.33 years. The main aim of this work is to define whether and to what extent does smoking of cigarettes influence the age of natural menopause. Smoking of cigarettes increases the risk of earlier menopause (value of test F=138.8, p<0.0001). Non-smoking women experience menopause on average two years later than women who are habitual smokers. Also the number of cigarettes smoked every day differentiated the age of menopause, accelerating its occurrence in women who smoked more than five cigarettes per day (value of test F=50.81, p<0.0001).

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Comparative study of pregnant women exposure to tobacco smoke: POLAND-MEXICO].

The aim of the study was to estimate both active and passive pregnant women exposure to tobacco smoke. 154 women hospitalized at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department in Opole, Poland and at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Hospital Universitario Monterey in Mexico have undergone the examination. The patients have been surveyed in order to obtain a subjective evaluation of their exposure. Then the exhaled carbon monoxide (ExhCO) measurement used for objective monitoring tobacco smoking has been performed. According to the results of the questionnaire 40 women (26% of the examined patients) confirmed smoking in pregnancy. 24 women (60% of smoking ones) have been smoking for the whole period of pregnancy. Though the rate of smoking among Polish and Mexican women was comparable, Polish mothers were less likely to quit after confirmation of pregnancy. Both Polish and Mexican smoking mothers were much younger than their non-smoking counterparts. The babies of the smoking mothers have been noticed to obtain the lower count in Apgar scale. The exhaled carbon monoxide (ExhCO) measurement has revealed that 14 Polish and 10 Mexican patients have been exposed to tobacco smoke. The results of their questionnaires have been thoroughly examined. 71% of them confirmed active smoking in pregnancy, 8.3% pointed to second-hand smoke exposure, 20.7% lied by denying the exposure. Thus the need to verify the questionnaires results has been confirmed. The mean value of ExhCO of both non-smoking women and those, who quit smoking after confirmation of pregnancy was equal. This may suggest that quitting smoking in the early stages of pregnancy reduce the risk of the harmful smoke impact on the unborn baby. Nearly doubled average concentration of ExhCO among passive smoking mothers in comparison to the non-smoking ones arises a serious concern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Genotype analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from broilers in Poland.

Twenty-six Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from poultry were analyzed by genotypic typing including ITS-profiling, REP- and ERIC-PCR. ITS-profiling revealed the presence of 8 different genotypes. Amplification of REP sequences by PCR gave similar results with 10 different genotypes. ERIC-PCR was found to be the most discriminatory for typing C. jejuni. As many as 13 different DNA patterns were obtained with this technique. Based on data obtained it was found that C. jejuni isolates recovered from broilers at the slaughterhouses in southwest Poland are characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Results of the work of sanitary-epidemiologic service in Poland during last 85 years and perspectives for the future].

Just after the First World War, when Poland received independence, activity of sanitary-epidemiological service was included as the most important in the country. In this time epidemiological situation of infectious diseases was unsuccessful, especially concerning typhus exantematicus, typhoid fever, dysentery, diphtheria, tuberculosis. National Central Epidemiological Institute and since 1923 National Institute of Hygiene together with filias in some voivodships up to 1954 were appointed as sanitary epidemiological service especially to control the infectious diseases. In 1954 National Sanitary Inspection was appointed as official institution of central administration in the country to the hygienic and antiepidemiological problems and National Institute of Hygiene stated to work as scientific unit only. National Sanitary Inspection was organised as the net of sanitary-epidemiological stations in voivodeships, districts and as frontiers stations.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2005

Antimicrobial susceptibility of aerobic microorganisms isolated from intraabdominal infections in pediatric patients in Poland.

BACKGROUND: Growing resistance to antibiotics among both community-acquired and hospital pathogens is making the treatment of most infections increasingly difficult. Therefore, the aim of our multi-center study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the most frequent aerobic microorganisms isolated from children with intraabdominal infections. MATERIAL/METHODS: Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 256 consecutive patients treated in five large specialized hospitals in Poland from January 2001 to February 2002. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefepime were determined by Etests. The production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) was detected by a double-disk test. RESULTS: Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most active agent against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibiting 92% and 78% of isolates respectively. Susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefepime was 73%, 73% and 87% respectively, and susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to both ceftazidime and cefepime was 76%. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were detected in 56% Klebsiella sp. and 11.5% E. coli, but the vast majority of these isolates remained susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam (MIC(90) = 12 mg/L and MIC(90) = 1 mg/L, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Piperacillin/tazobactam remains a valuable therapeutic option in Polish pediatric patients with intraabdominal infections, due to its good activity against ESbetaL-producing organisms and P. aeruginosa.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in risk families in Poland--results of molecular analysis].

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common genetic disorders in the Caucasian population, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Diagnosis of CF classifies the patient's family to the group of high genetic risk. In spite of the significant therapeutic advantages this disease is still the cause of preterm death of affected patients. One of the diagnostic tests that are offered to CF risk families is prenatal diagnostics of the disease. This kind of analysis may be performed in the first trimester of pregnancy and is based on the DNA analysis of the foetus. AIM: To sum up and analyse the results of CF prenatal diagnostic studies, in Poland, in the period 1990-2003. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In total 45 tests in 38 risk families have been carried out. In case of 7 families in formative results have been obtained due to application of the polymorphic markers analysis. In the remaining cases molecular analysis of foetal DNA focused on identification of specific CFTR gene mutations has been carried out. RESULTS: In 16 cases the CF genotype was identified. The disease was excluded in 29 foetuses. Some issues of genetic counselling in the context of the possibility of prenatal disease diagnosis have also been discussed.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed2005

[Validity and reliability of Social Support Interactions Scale SSL12-I in a population of elderly people in Poland].

This study aimed at assessing validity and reliability of Social Support Interactions Scale and it's usefulness in evaluation of social support received by elderly people in Poland. Theoretical validity of the scale was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (principal components method) and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha index and evaluating its internal consistency. Analyses showed some faults in theoretical validity of subscales concerning different dimensions of social support, which decrease their reliability. Nevertheless, scales constituting this survey mostly fulfill Kline's and Nunnaly's criteria, which means that they have acceptable internal consistency. Results confirm acceptable value of Social Support List - Interactions Scale for evaluation of social support received by elderly people in Polish conditions.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

[Trachoma control in Lódź at the time of the II Republic of Poland].

In Lódź at the time of the II Republic of Poland trachoma was one of the infectious diseases of high social and health repercussions. This disease developed predominantly in the working class districts neglected as regards sanitary and hygienic conditions. Trachoma was spread due to lack of waterworks and sewage systems, very poor housing conditions and low level of health culture. Trachoma control was undertaken in Lódź in the years 1922-1923, when the municipal authorities set up the Section for Trachoma Control, the specialist outpatients' department and schools in which trachoma children were taught and provided with constant medical care. The municipal self-government health service was supported by outpatients' departments of the Health Funds/the National Insurance System in their fight against trachoma. Therapeutic and prophylactic activities carried out in Lódź resulted in the reduction of trachoma prevalence rate.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2005

Influence of air pollution on pulmonary function in healthy young men from different regions of Poland.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of air pollution on pulmonary function parameters in healthy non-smoking young men. The study comprised 1,278 healthy, non-smoking young men (aged 18-23) living in Poland in regions with different levels of air pollution. The examined population was divided into three groups A, B, and C, based on low, moderate and high air pollution levels, respectively. Spirometry and bodyphletysmography at rest were performed by using of mobile lab PNEUMOBIL. Lung function parameters were analyzed and compared with respect to the level of air pollution. The mean values of the pulmonary function parameters were within the limits in all groups, but we observed statistically significant differences between the groups (lowest mean values in group C and the highest in group A). In all groups we found persons with significant airflow limitation in the central and peripheral bronchi, defined as the decrease of FEV(1) %FVC ratio <70 and FEV(1)<80 % of predicted value (central bronchi), and FEV(1) %FVC ratio >70, FEF(50)<70 % predicted (peripheral bronchi). The percentage of persons with airflow limitation in the central bronchi was in group A (0.3 %), B (0.4 %) and C (1.4 %). The incidence of flow limitation in small bronchi was as follows: in group A (1.2 %), B (0.5 %) and C (6.7 %). The majority of factors defining the capacity of lungs as well as the intensity of the airflow showed a negative correlation with the concentrations of the basic air pollution (SO(2), NO(2), PM(10)). Our study showed, for the first time, the influence of air pollution on pulmonary function parameters in healthy non-smoking young men in the Polish population.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Osteoporosis risk factors in rural and urban women from the Lublin Region of Poland.

In various epidemiological and clinical studies, bone quality, bone mineral density (BMD), as well as risk of falling have been associated with lifestyle and anthropometric/demographic characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osteoporosis risk factors occurrence and its association with BMD in rural and urban women from the Lublin Region in Poland. A cross-sectional study of risk factors of osteoporosis and fracture was carried out in a cohort of 900 rural and urban women aged 30-79 years, representative of the general population the Lublin Region. Data pertaining to osteoporosis risk factors as well as medical history were taken using a specially designed 31 item questionnaire divided in seven sections: social history, past medical history, reproductive history, drug history, family history of osteoporosis, nutritional habits and lifestyle factors. The lumbar spine (L(2)-L(4)) was examined in a-p position using the dual X-ray absorptiometry- DXA (LUNAR Corp.). The differences between urban and rural women in the appearance of particular osteoporosis risk factors, such as gynecological, dietary calcium intake, smoking and coffee consumption, was noticeable. Age, years of menopause and family history of osteoporosis (in mothers) were found to have strong negative independent associations with lumbar spine BMD. Body Mass Index (BMI) was found to have strong positive association with BMD. Dietary calcium intake, coffee consumption and level of physical activity had noticeable positive and independent, but not significant association with BMD.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

Regional differentiation of sole dermatoglyphs in rural population in Poland.

The study presents a comparison of the distribution of sole dermatoglyphs in the rural populations of different regions of Poland, namely, the Lublin region, the areas of Suwałki, Ostrołeka, and of the village of Giebło. A comparison of the occurrence frequency of dermatoglyphs in the population of the Lublin region and that of their occurrence in the populations of Suwałki, Ostrołeka and Giebło areas reveals statistically significant differences between particular patterns. The differences result from ethnic isolation and isolation of the communities caused by geographical barriers.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Practical usefulness of the IDENTIFILER system for paternity testing in the Central Poland population].

The usefulness of the IDENTIFILER multiplex system for paternity testing in the Central Poland population was examined. One hundred excluding cases and one hundred including cases were analysed and the results were estimated for two different types of cases: trios (standard cases) and duos (motherless cases). Efficiency of exclusion and paternity index were analysed for each locus as well as for the entire set of the fifteen STR markers.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Polymorphism of four X-chromosomal STRs in a population sample of Podlasie (NE Poland)].

Allele frequencies for four X-chromosomal STR were determined in a population sample of 240 unrelated males and females from north-eastern Poland by multiplex PCR and subsequent automated fluorescent detection (ABI 310) using a commercially available multiplex PCR kit (Mentype Argus X-UL). The genotype distributions among the females conformed with HWE for all analysed loci. The analysed quadruplex is a potential extension to a battery of autosomal systems in forensic applications, especially in the investigation of kinship analysis and deficiency cases.

Chromosomes, Human, X↗