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At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Dynamics of endogenous cytokinin pools in tobacco seedlings: a modelling approach.

Recent advances in cytokinin analysis have made it possible to measure the content of 22 cytokinin metabolites in the tissue of developing tobacco seedlings. Individual types of cytokinins in plants are interconverted to their respective forms by several enzymatic activities (5'-AMP-isopentenyltransferase, adenosine nucleosidase, 5'-nucleotidase, adenosine phosphorylase, adenosine kinase, trans-hydroxylase, zeatin reductase, beta-glucosidase, O-glucosyl transferase, N-glucosyl transferase, cytokinin oxidase). This paper reports modelling and measuring of the dynamics of endogenous cytokinins in tobacco plants grown on media supplemented with isopentenyl adenine (IP), zeatin (Z) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR). Differences in phenotypes generated by the three cytokinins are shown and discussed, and the assumption that substrate concentration drives enzyme kinetics underpinned the construction of a simple mathematical model of cytokinin metabolism in developing seedlings. The model was tested on data obtained from liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry cytokinin measurements on tobacco seedlings grown on Murashige and Skoog agar nutrient medium, and on plants grown in the presence of IP, Z and DHZR. A close match was found between measured and simulated data, especially after a series of iterative parameter searches, in which the parameters were set to obtain the best fit with one of the data sets.

Adenine↗
PubMed1984

Ectropion and epiphora in McArdle's syndrome.

Ectropion is unusual in young individuals. Recently, we treated a 19-year-old male college student for epiphora due to bilateral ectropion associated with McArdle's syndrome, a myophosphorylase deficiency. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of ectropion and epiphora as a result of this rare glycogen-storage disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Glycogen storage diseases of muscle.

Ten specific enzyme defects of glycogen metabolism affect skeletal muscle alone or in combination with other tissues. The newest addition to this group of disorders is the defect of aldolase A (glycogenosis type XII), a block in terminal glycolysis associated with myopathy and a hemolytic trait. The muscle glycogenoses cause two major syndromes, one characterized by exercise intolerance, cramps, and myoglobinuria, and the other dominated by fixed, often progressive weakness. This review considers sequentially recent advances in the following: clinical features or clinical variants, including a brief description of glycogenosis type XII; animal models, both spontaneous and genetically engineered; physiopathologic mechanisms, especially of the exercise intolerance and myoglobinuria; biochemical and molecular features--molecular defects are just beginning to be discovered for some glycogenoses (e.g. phosphorylase-b-kinase deficiency or branching enzyme deficiency), whereas they form long lists for others, such as acid maltase deficiency and myophosphorylase deficiency; and therapeutic approaches, including enzyme replacement and gene therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Influence of s-Triazines on Some Enzymes of Carbohydrates and Nitrogen Metabolism in Leaves of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.).

Foliar applications of 2 milligrams per liter of 2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine, 2-methylmercapto-4-ethylamino-6-isobutylamino-s-triazine, and 2-methoxy-4-isopropylamino-6-butylamino-s-triazine caused increases in the activities of starch phosphorylase, pyruvate kinase, cytochrome oxidase, and glutamate dehydrogenase 5, 10, and 15 days after treatment in the leaves of 3-week-old seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.). The results indicate that sublethal concentrations of s-triazine compounds affect the physiological and biochemical events in plants which favor more utilization of carbohydrates for nitrate reduction and synthesis of amino acids and proteins.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Regulation of protein secretion and metabolism in rat salivary glands. Effects of norepinephrine and carbachol on the glycogenolysis in submaxillary glands.

Carbachol and norepinephrine induce glycogen breakdown in rat submaxillary glands incubated in vitro. These effects are suppressed by specific inhibitors of cholinergic receptors (atropine, a muscarinic blocker) and of adrenergic receptors (propranolol, a beta-blocker and phentolamine, an alpha-blocker). The beta-adrenergic effect seems to be mediated through the adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate system, whereas the alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic effects are dependent of Ca2+ influx into cell. In the two latter systems, it is suggested that a direct activation of phosphorylase b kinase by calcium takes place. These data clearly indicate that glycogenolysis in rat submaxillary glands in vitro can be independently affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic agents via specific receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Dicarboxylic aciduria during ketotic phases in various types of glycogen storage disease.

Urine samples were collected before and after a starvation period of 14-16 h from patients with glycogen storage disease, one with type III (amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency), four with type VIII (phosphorylase-b-kinase deficiency), and one with an unclassified type. The excretion of adipic, suberic, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid was measured by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The tendency towards ketosis seemed to decline with age in the patients with type VIII. In the non-ketotic patients no excess amounts of dicarboxylic acids were excreted. Therefore, glycogen storage disease per se seems to have no direct relationship to the excretion of adipic or suberic acid. A positive correlation was, however, found between the urinary excretion of on one side 3-hydroxybutyric and on the other adipic (correlation coefficient (Kendall's tau) +0.64, P less than 0.002 (one-sided test)) or suberic (+0.61, P less than 0.003) acid. The two dicarboxylic acids are most probably formed from long-chain monocarboxylic acids by omega- and beta-oxidation. It is speculated that succinyl-CoA formed by this pathway may counteract the tendency to ketosis in patients with glycogen storage disease.

Acidosis↗