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PubMed1995

Treating premature ejaculation in the multi-modal therapeutic framework: a single case study.

Generally, premature ejaculation is caused by organic, psychological, interpersonal factors and lay beliefs. It is defined as a lack of adequate voluntary ejaculatory control with the result that a patient climaxes involuntarily. An ejaculatory control may be said to be established when the patient can tolerate high levels of excitement which characterise the plateau stage of the sexual response cycle without ejaculating reflexly. The most effective treatment for premature ejaculation so far is the stop-start exercises that aim to help patients tolerate a prolonged period of intense pleasurable arousal and to enjoy sexual sensation before ejaculation. However, the stop-start exercises would be more effective if they are employed in a multi-modal therapeutic framework. This is because cases of premature ejaculation differ in terms of the aetiology, pathological patterns, and the patients' personal characteristics and background. A case is presented to illustrate how the conventional stop-start exercises are prescribed in this multi-modal framework.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1994

[Characterization of bronchoalveolar space cells in pulmonary sarcoidosis].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the number, composition and the activity of bronchoalveolar space cells as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with a different stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis. A particular attention was paid on relations between composition of the cells, the stage of sarcoidosis and the influence of cigarette smoking or air pollution. The studies were carried out on 110 patients with sarcoidosis who were not treated using steroids and without additional respiratory tract infections. As a control, 12 non smoking persons were used with no pathological changes in the lungs. The number and percentage of the cells from bronchoalveolar space were determined by routine cytological method. The assessment of monocyte macrophages was performed by computer cytomorphometry (monoclonal antibodies CD14, CD68) and immunoenzymatic method BS-A. A flow-fluorocytometer and monoclonal antibodies CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 were applied to define lymphocyte subsets. We conclude that cytology of bronchoalveolar fluid is characteristic for early stages of sarcoidosis, but a typical view appears in more advanced stage of the disease. The additional exogenous factors like a cigarette smoking may change the activity and the composition of cell subsets in bronchoalveolar space in the patients with lung sarcoidosis. For this reason, an individual interpretation of data obtained is needed in each case.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical aspects of anorexia nervosa in males].

A clinical epidemiological study is carried out on 14 men diagnosed of Anorexia Nervosa According to DSM-III-R and CIE-10. They all were hospitalised and the follow-up after being discharged 1 1/2-2 years. The demographical and social characteristics were analysed; weight loss, main symptoms and stressful factors related with the start of illness. The psychiatric pathologies first degree relatives and personal antecedents. The age of onset was similar to women as well as symptomatology, except more frequent alcohol abuse in males (28.4%), more hyperactivity (71.4% of men), less frequent kleptomania. The personality profile was obsessive-compulsive in half patients, and precipitant stressful factors was found in 71.42% of cases. Affective disorders and alcoholism between first degree relatives were similar to general population. We think that Anorexia Nervosa in males is very similar to females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Anterior chamber depths of Nigerians.

Anterior chamber depths of 1,646 eyes of 823 Nigerians were measured to determine the distribution of chamber depths in Nigerians, and to compare the findings with previous observations in Caucasians. The persons examined included normal subjects and other groups with ocular pathology, such as glaucoma. The mean chamber depth in normal persons was 3.23 mm. Anterior chambers were deeper in males than females and significant shallowing occurred with age. Mean chamber depths were less in glaucomatous eyes than normotensive eyes. When compared with previous studies in Caucasians no significant differences could be found in the two ethnic groups. It was concluded that the alleged differences in the incidence of angle closure glaucoma in Caucasians and Negroes is not due to differences in the anterior chamber depths in the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Influence of heparin therapy on the determination of lipase in serum (author's transl)].

Following single doses of heparin and with continuous heparin infusion the activity of lipase in the serum increases temporarily and can attain pathological values also in healthy persons. Even when the heparin infusion is continued, the lipase values return after at the most 24 hours to the initial value before application of heparin. For a diagnosis of diseases of the pancreas the interpretation of lipase values in serum must consider how long the patient has been treated with heparin.

Heparin↗
PubMed1997

[The Hartmann intervention. The current indications and the authors' own experience].

Seventy years after it was first presented at the 30th Congress of the French Association of Surgery Hartmann's operation still fulfils a necessary albeit limited role in colorectal surgery. It is generally regarded as necessary in emergency surgery when general or local conditions advise against immediate anastomosis or would make it dangerous, or more rarely it is used electively in palliative neoplastic pathologies. The authors report their personal experience over twenty years and the reasons which led them to opt for this technique rather than others. Their personal postoperative mortality rate is similar to that reported in the literature and is not correlated to surgical trauma but rather to the severity of clinical conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Audience as analyst: Dennis Potter's The Singing Detective.

Author Dennis Potter has written an exceptional psychoanalytically informed television series in The Singing Detective. Potter succeeds by echewing the usual portrayal of psychoanalysis in cinema and television as a therapy which the viewer observes but instead creates, by means of the content and structure of the series, a production that forces the audience into a role of analyst. The story of the current life and the childhood of the protagonist, Philip Marlow, has depth and context which allows the audience to examine the personality of Marlow, including character pathology and traits, sexuality, fantasy, dreams, and delusions from several metapsychological viewpoints. Potter allows the audience to use the dynamic, genetic, topographic, and, most unusual in drama, structural viewpoints. The audience can experience aspects of an analyst's experience, including the process of formulating and evaluating over time analytic hypotheses and coping with emotional reactions to the material which at times has transferencelike qualities.

Arthritis, Psoriatic↗
PubMed1976

[Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach].

A case of gastric leiomyosarcoma (primary maliganant mesenchymal neoplasia of non-lymphoblastic origin) personally observed, is presented. The pathological anatomy, aetiopathogensis, symptomatology and diagnosis of this disease are described as well as the surgical treatment of the case.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Psychologic causes of erectile dysfunction].

The authors discuss the most frequent psychological causes of impaired erectility. The most important psychogenic factors for the development and persistence of erectile impairment is in their opinion anticipative anxiety, performance orientation, the partner's negative reaction to rare failure, the observer's attitude, antisexual upbringing, monotony of sexual intercourse, persisting sexual myths and unsuitable attitudes, impaired communication of the couple, different sexual preferences,psychic and sexual traumas and pathological mental conditions. However, as personality characteristics of the patient and the quality of his partnership may play a decisive part in the development of this disorder the authors feel that it is a mistake to confine the diagnosis and treatment only to the area of sexual reactivity and sexual behaviour.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1997

[Medico-genetic study of residents of Marii El republic: burden of hereditary diseases in four regions of the republic].

A medical genetic study of Orshanskii, Morkinskii, Sovetskii, and Semurskii raions (districts) of the Marii El Republic was performed. The total number of subjects examined was 115,743. Meadow Maris and Russians accounted for the most part of the populations of the districts studied. A total of 147 families with presumably autosomal dominant (AD) pathology and 150 families with presumably autosomal recessive (AR) or X-linked pathology (270 and 169 affected persons, respectively) were revealed. Segregation analysis demonstrated a good agreement between the observed and expected segregation frequencies for both AR and AD diseases, as well as a considerable number of sporadic cases of presumably AD diseases. The incidence of hereditary diseases was estimated separately for different population groups. Significant differences in this incidence were revealed between the urban and rural, as well as between the Russian and Mari populations; the average incidence was 2.33 affected subjects per 1000 people. The incidence of AR diseases was significantly higher in Maris than in Russians (1.34 x 10(-3) and 0.82 x 10(-3), respectively). The populations studied exhibited a significant, high correlation between the incidence of AR diseases and the levels of random and local inbreeding. The incidence of X-linked recessive diseases was approximately the same as in Russian populations studied earlier. Its average value was 0.5 per 1000 men; the incidence in the Mari and Russian populations did not differ significantly. The higher AD incidence in the total population studied and the higher AR incidence in the Meadow Mari population compared to the populations studied earlier are discussed.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1998

Blood mercury and auditory neuro-sensory responses in children and adults in the Nambija gold mining area of Ecuador.

This study investigated blood mercury (B-Hg) levels and the auditory neuro-sensory status of children and adults in the remote Andean settlement of Nambija, Ecuador where Hg is used in the extensive gold mining operations. The mean B-Hg level in 75 Nambija (Study Area) inhabitants (36 children and 39 adults) was 17.5 micrograms/L (SD = 11.0) vs 3.0 micrograms/L (SD = 1.6) in a second group of 34 subjects (15 children and 19 adults) in a non-gold mining area (Reference Area), the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Neuro-otological examinations revealed 34 subjects (45%) with complaints of headaches and/or memory loss, 3 cases of severe neurological impairment and 4 cases of middle ear pathology. Audiological tests on 40 persons in the Study Area (21 children and 19 adults) showed hearing thresholds ranging from normal to mildly abnormal at 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz for children, and normal to severely abnormal for adults. Correlation coefficients showed a significant relationship between B-Hg level and hearing level in children at 3 kHz in the right ear, and at no frequency for adults. Auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR) on subjects in the Study Area showed a significant correlation between B-Hg and the I-III interpeak latency on the right side. The results indicated that the study population of the Nambija gold mining area had abnormally elevated B-Hg levels, and may be at neurological risk from exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) from the consumption of contaminated food and possibly from elemental Hg vapors inhaled during amalgam burning in the gold extraction process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Age related changes in visual acuity.

Longitudinal visual acuity assessments of men, and cross-sectional assessments of men and women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging are presented. The longitudinal data relate presenting far, uncorrected far, presenting near and uncorrected near visual acuities to age. The cross-sectional data relate presenting far acuity to age. The prevalence of cataract, glaucoma and retinal pathologies are reported for the longitudinal sample at the time of their last vision test. The effect of visual pathologies in general, and cataract in particular, upon presenting far visual acuity was examined. The longitudinal data are consistent with cross-sectional data from previously published reports. Older persons who were free from specific visual pathologies exhibited an age-related decline in presenting far acuity as did those with documented visual pathologies. Despite the demonstrated loss in acuity with age, the majority of persons maintain at least fair acuity (20/40 or better) into their 80's.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Relations of oral imagery to thought disorder in subjects with frequent nightmares.

Oral imagery was examined in the Rorschach protocols of 60 female subjects, 30 who experienced at least one nightmare per week and 30 who had no more than one nightmare in the past year. Mean number of oral responses did not differ between the groups. In subjects with nightmares, Rorschach orality was significantly related to many personality measures, including state and trait anxiety, Beck Depression Inventory scores, five subscales of a schizotypy inventory, the Rorschach penetration score, and two measures of pathological thinking on the Rorschach. In the 30 subjects without nightmares, the number of significant correlations did not exceed that expected by chance. The results are discussed within the context of empirical and theoretical reports about the links between the oral personality and pathological behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A comparison between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the 'Mensana Clinic Back Pain Test' for validating the complaint of chronic back pain.

Reports on the efficacy of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) for selecting patients with valid complaints of pain have been equivocal. The Mensana Clinic Back Pain Test (MPT) was able to predict, with some degree of success, patients who had a definite organic pathologic condition. However, the MMPI measures personality traits, whereas the MPT measures the impact of pain on a patient's life. To determine which of the two tests would be a better predictor of actual physical abnormalities, and hence valid pain complaints, a comparison was undertaken between the two tests. The charts of 83 patients admitted to the Neurosurgery Service of Johns Hopkins Hospital with complaints of back pain were assessed. MMPI test results, as well as test results for the MPT, were compared to the presence or absence of pathologic conditions on electromyography, nerve conduction velocity studies, thermography, myelogram, or computerized axial tomography scan. The MPT had a correlation factor of -.59700, that was significant as P = .000005. Of the 52 patients scoring 17 points or less on the MPT, 85% had objective physical abnormalities, considered moderate or severe by blind review. Of the 31 patients scoring 18 points or greater on the MPT, only 26% had objective physical findings that were considered moderate or severe. Only the F scale (faking badly) of the MMPI correlated with objective physical abnormalities (r = .21340, P less than .033). However, 60% of the patients with T scores of less than 70 on the F scale had objective findings, whereas 75% of patients with T scores greater than 70 had objective physical findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Back Pain↗
PubMed1987

Pathology of the heart in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Data on 54 persons who died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were reviewed for lesions of the heart. These persons met the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta) for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pathologic changes were seen in 30 patients (55%). Changes were seen in the endocardium (17%), myocardium (83%), and epicardium (3%). The most frequent finding was lymphocytic myocarditis. Six of these were due to Toxoplasma myocarditis. Only one patient succumbed to cardiac arrest.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Sex, gender role, attribution of pathology, and handwriting tidiness.

An archival study sampled personality test protocols with spontaneous handwriting specimens from 73 men and 168 women for signatures and scores on selected scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Judges applied a 5-point scale to sort signatures for tidiness. Interrater agreement was .93. The mean handwriting tidiness score for men was 1.8 and 2.8 for women, a significant difference of 1 point. Correlations between handwriting tidiness and MMPI-2 scores did not support the hypothesis that erratic handwriting is associated with pathology but scores for gender role correlated significantly with handwriting tidiness. Masculine Gender Role predicted sloppy penmanship and Feminine Gender Role predicted tidy writing, independent of the writers' biological sex.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stalking--a modern manifestation of erotomania?].

Stalking is the technical term for the systematic, excessive and sometimes offensive molestation in order to seek personal contact with a target person, mostly of the contrary sex. This phenomenon seems to have increased recently and concerns above all celebrities of several kinds. In some cases, stalking behavior can culminate in acts of violence. However, the pathological fixation onto an often unattainable person is not a modern phenomenon, since it was studied and described under the term erotomania in former centuries. The author presents and discusses the case of a young man, who displayed his stalking behavior exclusively by telephone calls.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Characteristics of alcoholics who attempted suicide: co-occurring disorders and personality differences with a sample of male Vietnam era veterans.

Data from the Vietnam Experience Study were used to examine differences among alcoholic suicide attempters and alcoholic nonattempters with regard to co-occurring psychiatric disorders and MMPI scale scores. Comparisons between the 83 alcoholic suicide attempters and the remaining 978 alcoholic nonattempters indicated that suicide attempters had significantly higher rates of co-occurring disorders as well as an MMPI-based personality pattern characterized by higher levels of pathology. A discriminant function analysis yielded an overall classification accuracy of 74.08%, with significant MMPI scale scores suggestive of personality differences in impulsivity, destructiveness and assaultiveness (especially code 4-9-6). Suicide attempts may be a manifestation of self-destructive behavior that typifies a subset of alcoholics with pervasive difficulties.

Alcoholism↗