Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Orbit”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Surgical approaches to the orbit. Indications and techniques.

The authors review their experience with over 300 patients with orbital tumors, and summarize their surgical techniques and indications for each surgical approach. A fronto-orbital approach is described which is used for tumors with intracranial extension and for those located in the orbital apex and deep medial orbital compartment. Lateral micro- orbitotomy is used for tumors located in the superior, temporal, or inferior compartment of the orbit and those in the lateral apex. A medial microsurgical approach is used for tumors located medial to the optic nerve but not deep in the apex. By thus approaching tumors directly, optimal exposure is obtained and functional deficits are minimized. The pertinent surgical anatomy is illustrated and the technique of fine-needle aspiration biopsy is discussed.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2003

Clinical analysis of internal orbital fractures in children.

In order to describe the demographics, etiologic and clinical factors, and outcomes of orbital fractures in children, we have reviewed a case series of 17 patients under 18 years of age with internal orbital fractures (i.e., without involvement of the orbital rim) presenting to the Ghil hospital between March 2000 and June 2001. For 15 of the patients, we performed orbital wall reconstruction with Medpor barrier sheet implantation (thickness 1mm) through transconjunctival approach under endoscopic guidance, while maintaining mere observation on the other 2 patients. There were 14 male and 3 female patients. The most common cause of fractures was accident (7 cases). Inferior wall involvement was most commonly seen, and the trapdoor type fracture was the most common. Thirteen patients had extraocular muscle restriction, 9 had nausea/vomiting and 5 had bradycardia. Diplopia of 9 patients disappeared after 43 +/- 23 days. Nausea/vomiting and bradycardia disappeared rapidly after surgical intervention in all cases. These results suggest that trapdoor fractures with soft tissue entrapment are the most common in pediatric orbital wall fractures, and that most of them are associated with nausea/vomiting. We suggest that early diagnosis, and prompt surgical intervention are required for those patients with oculocardiac reflex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Transcaruncular approach to blowout fractures of the medial orbital wall.

Transcutaneous and transconjunctival approaches are still frequently used to repair orbital wall fractures. However, medial orbital wall fracture remains a challenging area for plastic surgeons due to technical difficulties and postoperative scars. The transcaruncular approach is described and we present our experience with this approach to access the medial orbital wall in 10 patients with blowout fracture in the medial orbital region. All patients were corrected satisfactorily without cutaneous scar. The transcaruncular approach is a useful technique to repair medial orbital wall fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital orbital vascular malformation complicated by massive retrobulbar hemorrhage.

A 2-year-old female infant with a presumed diagnosis of infantile hemangioma of the left eyebrow developed acute proptosis of the left eye several days after a mild orbital trauma. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) and carotid angiography confirmed the presence of a vascularized mass in the retrobulbar space, spreading anteriorly to the orbital rim and the frontal area. Due to progression of the proptosis and the development of exposure keratitis, surgical intervention was necessary. A large vascular tumor and a massive hemorrhage occupying the orbit were removed. The pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a vascular malformation of the orbit, most probably orbital varices. A relatively good visual acuity was achieved after surgery by occlusion therapy.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary and secondary orbital teratomas.

Two patients with primary teratomas of the orbit and a third patient with a teratoma invading the orbit from the maxillary sinus are presented. The clinical presentation of each patient was spectacular. In the primary teratomas, the globe was displaced out of the orbit by the attached tumor, causing extreme proptosis. Computed tomography was virtually diagnostic, showing a variegated orbital mass with solid and cystic components. Histologic examination showed multiple tissues derived from two or three germinal layers. The surgical removal of the tumors and reasons for the poor visual outcome are discussed. The appearance of teratomas in the orbit and other cephalic structures appears to arise from the survival and proliferation of germ cells deposited there during embryogenesis.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Periorbital and orbital cellulitis in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine era.

BACKGROUND: Prior to development of the Haemophilus-influenzae vaccine, a significant number of periorbital and orbital infections were associated with H influenzae type b bacteremia. The incidence of invasive H influenzae type b disease has decreased dramatically since the introduction of these vaccines. The effect of the H influenzae type b vaccine on the microbiology of periorbital and orbital infections has not been examined. METHODS: Charts of 134 hospitalized patients with the discharge diagnosis of periorbital or orbital cellulitis from 1985 to 1995 were reviewed. RESULTS: In contrast with studies performed in the pre-vaccine era, H influenzae type b was not a significant pathogen. The pathogen was isolated from only 2 of 133 blood cultures performed, and was not isolated from any of the 101 patients discharged after July 1987. Sinusitis, however, remains an important cause of these eye infections. Of patients who underwent radiographic evaluation, sinusitis was present in 96% of children with orbital cellulitis and 81% of patients with periorbital cellulitis. CONCLUSIONS: H influenzae type b is no longer a significant pathogen in periorbital or orbital cellulitis and management should be modified accordingly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Orbital metastases. A report of four cases and a review of the literature].

OBJECTIVE: To report four cases of orbital metastases and review the literature related to this condition. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of the four patients and the appropriate world literature. RESULTS: Two women 51 and 82 years old presented with orbital metastases from a primary breast tumour and a third woman (45 years old) had orbital metastases from a primary lung tumour. One man 60 years old presented with a metastases from a renal tumour. Two patients, one with breast metastases and the one with lung metastases, died of their disease. The remaining two patients are still alive with stable disease at the time of writing this report. CONCLUSION: The metastases in our series originated from tumours that frequently produce orbital metastases- the breast, lung and kidney. The clinical characteristics of the orbital syndromes they caused were similar to those reported in the literature. The clinical presentation was torpid in three cases and had a fulminating course in the case with lung metastases.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lateral orbitotomy in the approach to an orbital dermoid cyst].

The choice of surgical approach for the resection of orbital tumor is as a rule determined by the tumor position in the orbital space and the best choice is the most direct approach to orbital tumor. Lateral orbitotomy as the extracranial orbital approach is favorable for radical resection of the tumor, which growth is limited to the anterior, lateral and superolateral orbital segment.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A case of orbital lymphoproliferative lesion diagnosed as malignant lymphoma after recurring 11 years later].

BACKGROUND: Most primary lymphoproliferative lesions in the ocular adnexa, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, and orbit, are diagnosed as low-grade malignant lymphomas. Recurrence and dissemination of these tumors are rare in Japan. The long-term prognosis for this disorder still remains to be clarified. CASE AND METHOD: A 53-year-old woman was first referred to us for right orbital tumor in 1986. After subtotal resection of the tumor, the patient received no additional treatment. She visited us in 1997 with the complaint of bilateral orbital tumor. Biopsied specimens were examined histologically using hematoxylin-eosine and immunohistological staining. Southern blot hybridization was used to detect immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. The paraffin-embedded specimen obtained in 1986 was also examined for immunoglobulin gene rearrangement using nested polymerase chain reaction technique. FINDINGS: The specimens from 1997 and 1986 were both diagnosed as lymphoid type of inflammatory pseudotumor, based on polyclonal B cell immunohistological staining. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement was present in both specimens. CONCLUSION: The orbital tumor resected in 1986 was a low-grade malignant lymphoma which disseminated systemically 11 years later. This case shows a long-term course of orbital lymphoproliferative lesion with positive immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. It also shows the importance of follow-up over 10 years in the case of low-grade malignant lymphoma of the ocular adnexa.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2001

[Choice of neuroradiological methods in ophthalmology--the optic nerve, muscles of the eye and orbit].

Optimal imaging of the orbital structures presents a challenge. Images of this region may be disturbed by ocular movements, and orbital fat may prevent visualisation of the optic nerve and retrobulbar lesions. In this article, we intend to provide practical guidelines for the evaluation of orbital abnormalities, on the basis of our own experiences and a study of selected literature. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are both useful for the detection and characterisation of orbital abnormality. However, for diagnostic work-up of the optic nerves, contrast-enhanced, fat-suppressed MRI best demonstrates the pattern and severity of optic nerve abnormality and allows assessment of the intracranial part of the optic nerves and associated intracranial abnormality. In the case of bony involvement, spiral CT imaging is the modality of choice. It is quick, inexpensive and allows multiplanar reconstruction. Not uncommonly, CT as well as MRI may be needed to characterise an orbital lesion.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2000

The use of titanium mesh in the management of orbital trauma--a retrospective study.

This study examines the use of titanium mesh in the reconstruction of internal orbital defects. The goals of reconstruction when treating orbital fractures include restoration of internal wall continuity and provision of support to the orbital contents. In this way the untoward sequelae of post-traumatic enophthalmos and disturbance of visual acuity are avoided. Autogenous grafts have been the material of choice for most surgeons involved with treatment of these injuries. The major disadvantages of using autologous tissue are the need for a graft donor site, with attendant increases in operative time, prolonged hospitalization, increased postoperative discomfort and problems intrinsic to the donor site wound. The purpose of this report is to present the author's experience with the use of titanium alloplasts in the early repair of traumatic orbital wall fractures. Patients treated at the Townsville General Hospital from July 1, 1997-March 1, 2000 with injuries involving the orbit repaired with titanium mesh or micro-mesh were included in the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Transcranial approach to the orbit: a microanatomical study].

OBJECTIVE: To provide detailed knowledge of microanatomy and parameters for transcranial approach to the orbit. METHOD: Three intraorbital approaches were studied by dissecting and measuring 20 adult cadaveric heads under x5 to 25 magnification. RESULTS: The medical approach was directed through the space between the superior oblique and the levator palpebrae superior muscles, which was selected for lesions located in the medial part of the orbital apex. The central approch was directed through the space between the levator palpebrae superior and the superior rectus muscles. There were two variants of the central approach, the choice of which depends on whether the frontal nerve was retracted medially or laterally. The approach was selected for lesions located in the midportion of the intraorbital segment of the optic nerve. The lateral approach was directed through the space between the superior and the lateral rectus muscle. There were two variants of the lateral approach, the choice of which was determined by whether the superior ophthalmic vein is retracted medially or laterally. This approach was selected for lesions located in the superior, inferior or lateral part of the orbital apex as well as the superior orbital fissure. CONCLUSION: This research provides a microanatomical foundation for avioding the important nerves and vessels damage in transcranial to orbital surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Association between orbital fracture location and ocular injury: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Orbital fractures are frequently accompanied by ocular injury. Any findings that provide information for diagnosing a concurrent ocular injury should improve patient care. A greater incidence of severe ocular injury with certain fracture types was hypothesized, based on orbital wall thickness. METHODS: A retrospective review of 87 consecutive patients (107 fractured orbits) was performed by the Ophthalmology Department of an urban Level 1 trauma center. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Severe injuries were associated with orbital apex fractures (p = 0.00001), with lateral wall fractures (p < 0.04), and with Le Fort Type III fractures (p < 0.02). Moderate injuries were associated with isolated orbital floor fractures (p < 0.01). Apex, lateral wall, and Le Fort Type III fractures have a greater association with severe ocular injuries than other fracture types.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1959

Orbital and periorbital tumors. Indications for exenteration.

The anatomical location of the orbit, its relationship to surrounding structures and the vital concern to preserve sight, create special problems in the treatment of orbital and periorbital tumors.Specific diagnosis of orbital tumors can be made only by biopsy. Frozen section technique is very helpful when available. Roentgenographic visualization of the orbital bones is a valuable adjunctive method of determining the extent and type of tumor. The three most common forms of lacrymal gland tumors are benign "mixed tumors," adenoid cystic carcinomas (cylindromas), and adenocarcinomas.A method of therapy for the treatment of orbital and periorbital tumors is described and the indications for exenteration are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

[The computer-aided design and manufacture of unilateral orbital defect restoration].

OBJECTIVE: By reverse engineering and rapid prototyping techniques to found a new design method of maxillofacial restoration. METHODS: By laser scanning apparatus the plaster face model was scanned and the primitive face point data were acquired. With the reverse engineering software, the point data were reconstructed to one smooth face surface image and the defect orbital tissue shape data was obtained from the normal contralateral tissue data in the software. The model designed the three-dimensional data of defect part and the rapid prototyping technique made the resin orbital restoration. RESULTS: The laser scanning apparatus acquired the distinct and precise model data of the plaster face-model. The Digisurface retrograde engineer software succeeded to fulfill the unilateral orbital defect computer-aided design. The orbital restoration inosculated the plaster model tightly and symmetrically. CONCLUSION: The reverse engineering software and rapid prototyping technique could finish the computer-aided design and manufacture of the unilateral orbital defect restoration smoothly and satisfactorily.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed2004

[Diagnosis by ultrasonography and CT scan in orbital vascular tumors and malformations].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the value of ultrasonography (standardized A/B scan) and CT scan in the diagnosis of orbital vascular tumors and vascular malformations. METHODS: One hundred and eight cases of orbital vascular tumors and malformations were studied, including 98 cases examined by ultrasonography, 108 cases examined by CT scan and 94 cases studied by orbital operation and pathological examination. There were 54 cases of cavernous hemangioma, 26 cases of varix, 13 cases of venous hemangioma, 6 cases of lymphangioma, 5 cases of infantile hemangioma and 4 cases of others disorders. RESULTS: The tumor could be detected in ultrasonography in 96/98 cases (98%), the false negative rate of ultrasonography was 2% (2/98). The nature of the tumor could be determined by ultrasonography in 93% (91/98) cases pre-operatively. The tumor could be found by CT in all cases (108/108). The nature of the tumor could be determined by CT in 92% (99/108) cases pre-operatively. CONCLUSIONS: Combined ultrasonography with CT scan can estimate the nature, extent and location of orbital vascular tumors and malformations and can be useful for selection of the route of orbital operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of traumatic lesions of the orbit in children].

The paper presents an analysis of traumas of the orbit combined with craniocerebral trauma in children made according to data obtained at the eye microsurgery department, Morozov's Pediatric City Clinical Hospital. Fractures of the lower orbit wall account for around 70% of all orbit fractures; clinical signs of fractures of the lower orbit wall are defined; computer tomography is shown to be the most informative diagnostic tool. The paper contains indications for plasty of the lower orbit wall. Materials used in orbitoplasty are comparatively analyzed. The use of demineralized osseous implants is preferential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Orbital phlebography. Methods, anatomy and clinical considerations].

Orbital phlebography is a roentgen examination method formerly used for general investigations of pathological processes in the orbit. The procedure has gained renewed interest because of its ability to demonstrate changes in vasculitis in the orbital venous system. These changes are shown to be associated with certain types of hemicrania, and with the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in particular. For three years we have performed orbital phlebographies at the department of Radiology at the University Hospital, Trondheim. This article describes the normal anatomy of the orbital venous system, the technique, and the pathological changes revealed by this method.

Female↗