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PubMed1988

Needs, interests, and attitudes of university faculty for a wellness program.

During the 1986-1987 academic year, 484 full-time faculty members at Oklahoma State University responded to a health habits questionnaire. The purpose of this study was to assess the needs, interests, and attitudes of faculty for a wellness program. Behaviors were assessed in the following categories: cigarette smoking, alcohol/drugs, eating habits, exercise/fitness, stress management, and safety. Only 100 (20.6%) of the total indicated that they were currently smokers. Neither the alcohol/drugs nor the safety categories appeared to be problem areas, with no significance noted. Categories indicating a need for improvement were exercise/fitness, eating habits, and stress management. Faculty members were interested in and willing to participate in a wellness program. Preferred areas of interest in rank order were (1) exercise/fitness, (2) stress management, and (3) nutrition. Results of this study indicate that faculty in a major university are interested in wellness and will participate in a wellness program. Need and interest suggest that an exercise/fitness program should be instituted first, with stress management and nutrition components added as funds become available. A successful wellness program in a university setting has implications for happier, more productive employees, reduced absenteeism, and lower health insurance premiums.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Human cannibalism: a case report.

Human cannibal cases are relatively rare in modern civilized societies. We report a single case of familial cannibalism that occurred in Oklahoma in 1977. The investigation posed unique problems in pathology, psychiatry, criminalistics, and serology.

Cannibalism↗
PubMed1987

Measles spread in medical settings: an important focus of disease transmission?

During the period September 1981 to August 1985, we investigated every reported case of measles in Oklahoma to confirm the diagnosis, to determine the source, and to identify contacts to prevent spread of the disease. During this time, 33 serologically and/or epidemiologically confirmed cases were investigated. Nine (27%) persons acquired measles in a medical office or clinic waiting area. Eight of these recalled direct face-to-face contact with a source. An additional six (18%) cases were associated with exposure to these medically acquired cases, for a total of 45% that were the direct or indirect result of exposures in medical waiting rooms. The medical waiting room is a location where a reservoir of susceptible individuals may congregate, allowing for potential exposures to measles and other infectious diseases. Because many persons in these settings are too young to have received routine measles vaccination, other measures to decrease exposures in this setting may be necessary to achieve the goal of measles elimination in the United States.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1985

Secondary Haemophilus influenzae type b in day-care facilities. Risk factors and prevention.

The risk factors for acquisition of secondary day-care-associated Haemophilus influenzae type b disease were evaluated in a cohort of children in Seattle-King County, Washington; Atlanta; and the state of Oklahoma. During the study period, 129 primary cases were identified in children less than 5 years old who attended day-care facilities. In ten instances (8%), a secondary case occurred between one and 60 days after a primary case in the same classroom. Risk of secondary disease in classroom contacts was strongly age related: 2.4% in children 0 to 11 months old, 1.2% in children 12 to 23 months old, and 0.0% in children 24 to 59 months old. Controlling for age, children attending day-care more hours per week were more likely to transmit or acquire secondary disease. Risk of secondary disease for children in other classrooms at a center where a case had occurred was not significantly greater than risk of primary disease. Administration of rifampin to classroom contacts of a child with invasive H influenzae was effective in preventing secondary cases (95% confidence interval for rifampin efficacy, 47% to 100%). For children 0 to 23 months old not treated with rifampin, risk of secondary disease was 2.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.1% to 4.3%), a risk approaching that reported in household contacts.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Clinical evaluation of American river otters in a reintroduction study.

Ten American river otters (Lutra canadensis) were evaluated clinically before release into Oklahoma waterways. Otters were immobilized for physical, radiographic, and electrocardiographic examinations and for collection of blood samples. Hematologic and serum biochemical analyses, urinalyses, parasitologic examinations, surgical omental biopsies, and necropsy findings were included. Respiratory tract disease, bacterial and parasitic infections, and starvation apparently were contributing causes of postrelease mortality in 4 of the otters.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pediatric nocardiosis.

Characteristics of Nocardia infection, which occurred in ten Oklahoma children between 1975 and 1980, are described. Fatal N asteroides infection occurred in three immunocompromised patients. Pneumonia was the presenting feature in each; one patient had disseminated disease. The first reported case of shunt-associated N asteroides ventriculitis occurred in a 2-month-old girl, who was successfully treated with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. N brasiliensis was isolated from six immunologically competent children, five of whom had localized, uncomplicated, cutaneous infections. The sixth child developed osteomyelitis following a compound skull fracture. Based on this experience and a review of the literature, N asteroides infections are associated with immunocompromised hosts, and usually are seen as pneumonia with occasional dissemination to other sites. In contrast, N brasiliensis infections are more common than previously thought and usually occur in otherwise normal children as acute posttraumatic pyoderma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Early management and decision making for the treatment of myelomeningocele.

A program for early selection and treatment of the infant with myelomeningocele was developed at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center in 1977. Over a 5-year period, 69 babies were evaluated, 36 babies were recommended for early vigorous treatment. Of the 33 babies for whom only supportive care was recommended, five were initially treated at the parents' request, two underwent delayed vigorous treatment, one was subsequently treated by "crisis management," one moved and did not return for follow-up, and 24 received only supportive care. All 24 babies died between 1 to 189 days of age (mean 37 days). The involvement of several physicians and paramedical support personnel is considered essential for this approach of early selection and treatment. Continued support and regular follow-up is necessary for any baby who receives only supportive care. Parents retain legal custody. Although ethical concerns make any approach difficult, the method presented is considered to be the best alternative available at this time.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Critical-thinking abilities of radiologic science students.

This article reports the results of a survey conducted to determine whether critical thinking abilities differ among radiologic technology students educated at the baccalaureate, associate degree and certificate levels. The sample population was 357 students enrolled in radiologic technology programs in Louisiana, Missouri and Oklahoma who completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Results showed a significant difference in critical thinking abilities at the three educational levels. Baccalaureate students scored significantly higher in critical thinking abilities than associate and certificate students, and certificate students scored significantly higher than associate degree students.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A statewide, toll-free telephone service to improve obstetric care.

The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center began in 1993 to provide a statewide, toll-free telephone service for pregnancy counseling to primary care physicians. The service was available 24 hours each day, and responses were made by the on-call maternal-fetal medicine specialist. This report summarizes our first full year of operation. Inquiries came from 34 (63%) of the state's 54 counties having physicians who provide obstetric care. One hundred twenty-eight physicians made 523 inquiries (median 3, range 1-15). Information was sought about prenatal genetic disorders, risks from drugs, exposure to infection, environmental hazards, and active obstetric or medical complications. Funds from targeted ultrasounds, genetic amniocenteses, more detailed counselling, and maternal transfers provided support for this expanding educational resource.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa) from snakes in the southcentral and southwestern United States: new host and geographic records.

Four hundred thirty-five leptotyphlopid, colubrid, elapid, and viperid snakes were collected from various localities in Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, and their feces were examined for coccidian parasites. Of these, 131 (30%) were passing oocysts or sporocysts of at least 1 coccidian; 88 (67%) of the infected snakes had only 1 species of coccidian when they were examined. Aquatic and semiaquatic snakes accounted for 48% of the infections, whereas strictly terrestrial snakes comprised the other 52%. There was more than a 2-fold difference in prevalence among these 2 groups as 63 of 129 (49%) of the aquatic and semiaquatic snakes versus 68 of 306 (22%) of the terrestrial snakes harbored coccidia. Most terrestrial snakes were infected by species of Caryospora and Sarcocystis that are either facultatively or obligatorily heteroxenous. The aquatic and semiaquatic species most often harbored eimerians. Attempts to transmit some of the Sarcocystis spp. experimentally from Crotalus atrox to Mus musculus, Peromyscus leucopus, Peromyscus maniculatus, or Microtus ochrogaster were unsuccessful. This report documents 27 new host and several distributional records for coccidians from snakes in the southcentral and southwestern United States.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

CDC announces study of STD reporting system.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has announced a pilot study to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the existing STD Surveillance System. The study will be conducted in 1995 and will involve medical practitioners in the states of Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Oklahoma. The study will be conducted by Abt Associates Inc of Cambridge, Massachusetts in conjunction with the Massachusetts General Hospital. Information from this study will be used to identify corrective strategies that facilitate the reporting process. Providers are strongly urged to participate in this study.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1993

Incidence of bacteria from clean-catch and catheterized urine of nursing home residents.

Urine cultures from 1990 through 1992 were analyzed to determine the incidence of common isolates in residents from over 50 nursing homes in Oklahoma. Of all 11,480 isolates in clean-catch and catheterized specimens, the most common were: Escherichia coli (24% of all isolates), Pseudomonas aeruquinosa (11%), Proteus mirabilis (10%), Enterococcus faecalis (8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7%), Providencia stuartii (5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (4%). The most striking findings of this study were the similarities in frequencies of isolates from clean-catch and catheterized urines, the common occurrence of P. stuartii, and the low proportion of urea-splitting P. stuartii isolates from catheterized specimens.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol use before and during pregnancy. PRAMS Working Group.

A woman's excessive drinking during pregnancy can cause structural and behavioral abnormalities in her offspring. However, population-based data concerning maternal drinking behaviors are sparse. To describe drinking prevalences and patterns, we analyzed self-reported data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Systems of Maine, Michigan, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. During 1988 and 1989, 6,319 mothers were surveyed two to six months after delivery; state-specific response rates ranged from 65.6% to 83.5%. We applied statistical weights to the sample from each state; thus, the results estimate state-specific prevalences. State-specific prevalences of drinking during the last three months of pregnancy were low: 6.8% to 15.1% of mothers reported light drinking (one to six drinks per week), 0.06% to 0.30% reported moderate drinking (seven to 13 drinks per week), and 0.03% to 0.13% reported heavy drinking (14 or more drinks per week). In contrast, prevalences of drinking during the three months before pregnancy were much higher: the range was 31.9% to 53.8% for light drinking, 1.6% to 3.0% for moderate drinking, and 0.6% to 1.3% for heavy drinking. State-specific prevalences of mothers who reported receiving prenatal counseling about alcohol's effects ranged from 66.3% to 75.0%. More heavy drinkers than light drinkers received counseling. These findings indicate that moderate and heavy drinking during late pregnancy is relatively rare. However, all levels of drinking near the time of conception are much higher, and these results suggest the need for research into methods of reducing drinking before pregnancy.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1993

A combined family practice and occupational medicine residency program.

Family physicians deliver a significant proportion of occupational medicine services in this country. A shortage of physicians specifically trained in occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) has been well documented. A 1991 report from the Institute of Medicine recommends an alternative approach to certification of OEM physicians by creating a streamlined graduate training program that would result in dual certification in a primary care specialty and OEM. For the past three years, the University of Oklahoma has offered such a combined track program, comprising four years of training in family practice and occupational medicine. This article describes the development and structure of the combined program.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1993

Vision quality of elderly Oklahomans.

The purposes of this study are to determine if age related visual changes are affecting the ability of older adults to perform everyday tasks, to identify histories of eye diseases/eye surgeries, and to document eye care practices. Our sample was obtained from the Third Age Life Center at Baptist Medical Center in Oklahoma City. The survey was mailed to 14,856 members; 848 (6%) surveys were returned. Over 84% of the respondents have never been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. Sixty percent rated their health and vision quality as good. Females expressed more vision problems than males. Advanced age (75 years or older) did increase likelihood of experiencing eye diseases and vision difficulties. The majority of respondents in this study appear to be experiencing healthy vision with minimal age-related changes and have not been diagnosed with the eye diseases characteristic of this age group. Evidence of regular eye examinations was reported, with 33% of the respondents reporting having eye exams once a year and 33% twice a year.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Endoparasitism in dogs: 21,583 cases (1981-1990).

Prevalence of endoparasites (particularly ascarids) in dogs examined at the Oklahoma State University veterinary medical teaching hospital during 1981 to 1990 was determined by fecal and blood examinations. Approximately 1,250 fecal and 900 blood specimens were examined each year. In 1981, 55% of dogs harbored 1 or more parasites, compared with 36% in 1990. Percentages of all endoparasitic species decreased, except Giardia spp, which increased. The greatest decrease in prevalence was for Ancylostoma spp, which changed from 39% in 1981 to 15% in 1990. Prevalence of Toxocara spp and Trichuris spp also significantly decreased from 1981 (8% and 12%, respectively) through 1990 (4% and 9%, respectively). Although there appeared to be a downward trend in these ascarid infections, considerable environmental contamination probably existed and continues to exist because of high fecundity and long survival of eggs in the environment. Prevalence of Dipetalonema spp had a downward trend from a high of 4% in 1981 to < 1% by 1991. Prevalence of Dirofilaria spp decreased from 12% in 1982 to 6% in 1985, but by 1990, it was 11%.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Human ehrlichiosis--an overview.

Canine ehrlichiosis, previously thought to be restricted to dogs, has gained prominence in the human population since 1986. In the United States, human ehrlichiosis is a newly recognized disease ranging from a mild infection to a severe life threatening or fatal disease. Since antibody titers were found to be highest to E. canis in human ehrlichiosis patients, it was believed that E. canis or a closely related species was the etiologic agent. Investigators from the Centers for Disease Control recently have isolated a bacterium believed to be the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis and proposed the name Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Human cases of the disease have been identified primarily in the southeastern and south-central areas of the United States. Although relatively few cases are diagnosed, Oklahoma, according to one source, has been found to have the highest incidence rate. The human disease could be misdiagnosed as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, murine typhus fever, or Q fever.

Ehrlichiosis↗