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PubMed2005

Intraarticular synovial lipoma of the knee located in the intercondylar notch, between ACL and PCL: a case report and review of the literature.

This report presents a 16 year old girl with persistent left knee pain caused by an intra-articular synovial lipoma (IASL) of the knee. Arthroscopy revealed a lipoma arising from the posterior aspect of the synovial membrane, extending in the femoral intercondylar notch, between the femoral attachments of anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of IASL. IASL is a rarely described situation. There are only a few references in the literature. One IASL found in an adolescent and one more located in the intercondylar notch have been described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The epigenetic alteration of synovial cell gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis and the roles of nuclear factor kappaB and Notch signaling pathways.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex process of chronic and progressive inflammation associated with activation of numerous signaling molecules and transcription factors and hyperproliferation of synoviocytes of the affected joints, although the greater part of its pathophysiological process is explained by activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). For example, the self-perpetuating nature of the rheumatoid inflammation is ascribable to overexpression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta, known to elicit the activation cascade for NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 that are responsible for transcriptional induction of these cytokines among other target genes, which conform a positive feedback loop for continuation and expansion of the inflammatory responses. In addition, comparative gene expression profile analyses have revealed activation of a number of genes that explain the "transformed-like" phenotype of synoviocytes. Among the genes expressed in rheumatoid synoviocytes upon inflammatory stimuli, induction of gene expression of Notch proteins and its ligand have been found. Possible roles of Notch signaling in RA synoviocytes are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

New noninvasive computerized method for the area measurement of the dicrotic notch.

Measurement of the area of the dicrotic notch is an important noninvasive diagnostic procedure in cardiocirculatory evaluation. The methodology for measuring the magnitude of the dicrotic notch has varied considerably, ranging from visual inspection to the use of microcomputer technology. The current computerized method provides a quantitative exactitude when compared to polar planimetry. Coefficients of correlation (r) were 0.89 and highly significant (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, the current method circumvents densitometric placement variation between repeated measurements.

Arteries↗
PubMed1985

opa: a novel family of transcribed repeats shared by the Notch locus and other developmentally regulated loci in D. melanogaster.

The principal transcription product of Notch, a locus involved in the neurogenesis of D. melanogaster, is a developmentally regulated poly(A)+ RNA approximately 10.5 kb in length. Analysis of the structure of this RNA has revealed a 93 bp repeated sequence that is shared by many other developmentally regulated transcription units. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the repeat shows an unusual structure consisting predominantly of the triplets CAG and CAA, both of which can code for the amino acid Gln. We present evidence indicating that the Notch repeat is a member of a novel family of repetitive elements, which we term the opa family. Our data suggest that some of these elements may be not only transcribed but also translated. We compare opa with other known transcribed repeats and speculate on its functional significance.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Factors influencing temporal effects with notched-noise maskers.

Temporal effects in simulataneous masking were studied by measuring the reduction in the amount of masking produced by a gated masker when that masker was preceded by a 400-ms noise (the precursor) that was usually spectrally identical to the masker. The signal frequency (fs) was 1.0 or 4.0 kHz. Experiment 1 revealed a temporal effect only when there was a spectral notch (centered at fs) in the masker and precursor. For a relative notchwidth of 0.4 fs, the temporal effect was larger at 4.0 than at 1.0 kHz. In experiment 2. where the masker and precursor both consisted of two bands of noise separated by a spectral notch of 0.4 fs, the size of the temporal effect remained essentially constant as the bandwidth of these noise bands increased from 0.2-0.8 kHz. The results from experiment 3 indicated that the temporal effect was largest when the level fo the precursor was equal to the level of the masker. Finally, the results from experiment 4 suggested that the temporal effect may depend upon the frequency region below as well as above fs, but that the frequency region above fs is probably more important.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2005

Lethal giant larvae controls the localization of notch-signaling regulators numb, neuralized, and Sanpodo in Drosophila sensory-organ precursor cells.

Asymmetric distribution of fate determinants is a fundamental mechanism underlying the acquisition of distinct cell fates during asymmetric division. In Drosophila neuroblasts, the apical DmPar6/DaPKC complex inhibits Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) to promote the basal localization of fate determinants. In contrast, in the sensory precursor (pI) cells that divide asymmetrically with a planar polarity, Lgl inhibits Notch signaling in the anterior pI daughter cell, pIIb, by a yet-unknown mechanism. We show here that Lgl promotes the cortical recruitment of Partner of Numb (Pon) and regulates the asymmetric distribution of the fate determinants Numb and Neuralized during the pI cell division. Analysis of Pon-GFP and Histone2B-mRFP distribution in two-color movies confirmed that Lgl regulates Pon localization. Moreover, posterior DaPKC restricts Lgl function to the anterior cortex at mitosis. Thus, Lgl functions similarly in neuroblasts and in pI cells. We also show that Lgl promotes the acquisition of the pIIb cell fate by inhibiting the plasma membrane localization of Sanpodo and thereby preventing the activation of Notch signaling in the anterior pI daughter cell. Thus, Lgl regulates cell fate by controlling Pon cortical localization, asymmetric localization of Numb and Neuralized, and plasma-membrane localization of Sandopo.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Distal femoral intercondylar notch dimensions and their relationship to composition and metabolism of the canine anterior cruciate ligament.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the dimensions of the distal femoral intercondylar notch (ICN) and the composition and metabolism of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in three dog breeds with different relevant risks to ligament rupture and subsequent osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: ICN measurements were obtained from the femurs of Golden Retrievers (high risk), Labrador Retrievers (high risk) and Greyhounds (low risk). Femoral condyle width and height, ICN height and width indices, and notch shape index were measured using Vernier callipers in all dogs. Intact ACLs were obtained from the same dog breeds for a study of the impinged areas and were analysed for collagen content, collagen cross-links, and sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-1 and -2. RESULTS: Femoral condyle width and height and ICN width indices were significantly greater in the low risk compared to the high risk breeds (P<0.01 for all parameters). In contrast, the pro (P=0.003) and active (P=0.007) forms of MMP-2 and sulphated GAGs (P=0.0002) were significantly greater in the impinged areas of the ACLs of the rupture predisposed breeds. CONCLUSIONS: Impingement by the ICN on the ACLs of the high risk breeds may result in increased collagen remodelling and increased sulphated GAG deposition, causing reduced structural integrity of the ligament. Altered ACL composition may predispose the ligament to increased laxity leading to joint degeneration and OA. This may have a comparative implication for pathogenesis of ACL rupture in humans.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Structural and functional properties of the human notch-1 ligand binding region.

We present NMR structural and dynamics analysis of the putative ligand binding region of human Notch-1, comprising EGF-like domains 11-13. Functional integrity of an unglycosylated, recombinant fragment was confirmed by calcium-dependent binding of tetrameric complexes to ligand-expressing cells. EGF modules 11 and 12 adopt a well-defined, rod-like orientation rigidified by calcium. The interdomain tilt is similar to that found in previously studied calcium binding EGF pairs, but the angle of twist is significantly different. This leads to an extended double-stranded beta sheet structure, spanning the two EGF modules. Based on the conservation of residues involved in interdomain hydrophobic packing, we propose this arrangement to be prototypical of a distinct class of EGF linkages. On this premise, we have constructed a model of the 36 EGF modules of the Notch extracellular domain that enables predictions to be made about the general role of calcium binding to this region.

Calcium↗
PubMed2003

Control of epidermal stem cell clusters by Notch-mediated lateral induction.

Stem cells in the basal layer of human interfollicular epidermis form clusters that can be reconstituted in vitro. In order to supply the interfollicular epidermis with differentiated cells, the size of these clusters must be controlled. Evidence suggests that control is regulated via differentiation of stem cells on the periphery of the clusters. Moreover, there is growing evidence that this regulation is mediated by the Notch signalling pathway. In this paper, we develop theoretical arguments, in conjunction with computer simulations of a model of the basal layer, to show that regulation of differentiation is the most likely mechanism for cluster control. In addition, we show that stem cells must adhere more strongly to each other than they do to differentiated cells. Developing our model further we show that lateral-induction, mediated by the Notch signalling pathway, is a natural mechanism for cluster control. It can not only indicate to cells the size of the cluster they are in and their position within it, but it can also control the cluster size. This can only be achieved by postulating a secondary, cluster wide, differentiation signal, and cells with high Delta expression being deaf to this signal.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1982

Sequential changes in high frequency notches on QRS complexes in progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type--a 3-year follow-up study.

In a 3-year follow-up study, sequential changes in the number of high frequency notches (HFN) on QRS complexes were investigated on 72 cases with progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type (PMD). The patients were classified into eight stages from the mildest, S(1), to the most severe, S(8), according to Swinyard-Deaver's criteria. The number of HFN progressively increased with advancing Swinyard-Deaver's stage. In the terminal stage, however, the number of HFN tended to decrease. The present observations show that the patient tends to have a small number of HFN in the early stages of the disease; with increasing severity of the disease he develops a larger number; in the terminal stage he again exhibits relatively few notches. It is concluded therefore that significant increases or decreases in the count of HFN on QRS complexes can be useful indicators for estimating the extent and severity of cardiac involvement in PMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A novel proteolytic cleavage involved in Notch signaling: the role of the disintegrin-metalloprotease TACE.

The Notch1 receptor is presented at the cell membrane as a heterodimer after constitutive processing by a furin-like convertase. Ligand binding induces the proteolytic release of Notch intracellular domain by a gamma-secretase-like activity. This domain translocates to the nucleus and interacts with the DNA-binding protein CSL, resulting in transcriptional activation of target genes. Here we show that an additional processing event occurs in the extracellular part of the receptor, preceding cleavage by the gamma-secretase-like activity. Purification of the activity accounting for this cleavage in vitro shows that it is due to TACE (TNFalpha-converting enzyme), a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family of metalloproteases. Furthermore, experiments carried out on TACE-/- bone marrow-derived monocytic precursor cells suggest that this metalloprotease plays a prominent role in the activation of the Notch pathway.

ADAM Proteins↗
PubMed2006

Notch 1 activation in the molecular pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The chromosomal translocation t(7;9) in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) results in deregulated expression of a truncated, activated form of Notch 1 (TAN1) under the control of the T-cell receptor-beta (TCRB) locus. Although TAN1 efficiently induces T-ALL in mouse models, t(7;9) is present in less than 1% of human T-ALL cases. The recent discovery of novel activating mutations in NOTCH1 in more than 50% of human T-ALL samples has made it clear that Notch 1 is far more important in human T-ALL pathogenesis than previously suspected.

Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic↗
PubMed1998

Dumb-bell shaped tuberculous abscess across the greater sciatic notch compressing both sciatic nerves.

We report an instructive case of a 65-year-old man who presented with a dumb-bell shaped tuberculous abscess across the greater sciatic notch bilaterally compressing both sciatic nerves. Clinical symptoms progressed slowly and mimicked lumbar radiculopathy, thus delaying an accurate diagnosis. Anterolateral retroperitoneal and posterolateral gluteal approaches of the greater sciatic notch as well as the acetabulum on both sides were followed in order to provide safe viewing and resection of the abscess. The abscess wall was adherent to the sciatic nerve and surrounding blood vessels. The symptoms completely disappeared after resection of the abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intercondylar notch fibrous nodule after total knee replacement.

Intra-articular fibrous bands and soft-tissue impingement under the patella after total knee replacement are a well known complications that can be diagnosed and treated arthroscopically. Arthroscopic treatment of soft-tissue impingement between femoral and tibial components in a total knee arthroplasty has been recently reported. The purpose of this article is to report one more case of this pathology of a more fibrotic type resembling a nodule in the intercondylar notch that prevents total extension and to discuss the possible origin and clinical significance. Finally, we propose a classification of the fibrotic reactions after total knee arthroplasty: (A)Multiples or complex bundles reactions; and (B)singles or isolates nodular forms: fibrous nodule in the femoropatelar area (clunk syndrome), and fibrous nodule in the intercondylar notch.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Sigmoid notch osteoplasty for chronic volar instability of the distal radioulnar joint: a case report.

Chronic recurrent volar dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint is a rare condition for which many operative procedures have been described. We describe a case of painful dislocation on supination. Investigation of the distal radioulnar joint revealed the absence of degenerative arthritis and a flat sigmoid notch that permitted dislocation. The case was successfully treated by osteoplasty of the volar lip of the sigmoid notch to create a buttress that prevented volar dislocation.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Sigmoid notch reconstruction using osteoarticular graft in a severely comminuted distal radius fracture: a case report.

A case of a young patient with a severely comminuted intra-articular distal radius fracture dislocation and severe injury of the distal radioulnar joint is presented. Early reconstruction of the sigmoid notch and radioulnar ligaments was performed using the remaining scaphoid facet of the distal radius articular surface, an autogenous tendon graft for ligament reconstruction, and radioscapholunate arthrodesis. The patient was able to return to his manual work without limitations. We present additional information on the comparative anatomy of the sigmoid notch and scaphoid facet that may guide surgeons in treating this severe injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Notch in the umbilical artery Doppler profile in umbilical cord compression in a twin].

Monoamniotic twins have a mortality rate of up to 50%, mainly due to umbilical cord accidents, e.g. true knots. Because of the rarity of monoamniotic twin gestation, few data are presently available on the optimal management of these gestations. Some authors recommend delivery at 32 weeks of gestation, while others state that the risk of cord accidents declines with advancing gestational age, thus questioning the usefulness of routine delivery at 32 weeks. It is possible nowadays to obtain an impression of the fetal blood supply by Doppler sonography. In our case, Doppler sonographic evaluation showed a notch in the umbilical artery in the twin, who later developed a pathological CTG requiring delivery at 28 weeks of gestation. Both fetuses are liveborn and developed normally. Our case shows that a notch in the umbilical artery could be an indication of umbilical cord compression and that attention should be paid to it in monoamniotic twin gestation.

Adult↗