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PubMed1987

[America Manna: women and migration in a global perspective].

This article considers the role of migrant women in light of the contribution to the demographic, social, and economic development of the receiving country. The high level of development for these areas has always been fostered by the ready availability of a salaried work force and its easy replacement. The cost of labor in the country of origin is different from that in the receiving country and thus often results in a parallel work force and fosters forms of discrimination. With the crisis of the "rotation" model in the 1970s, the cost of replacing the work force has been concentrated in the countries of origin while official politics, which limited the immigration of family members, placed a greater burden on the women and the children of the emigrants, and increased the danger of their gradual marginalization.

Demography↗
PubMed1987

Comparative vital statistics along the pastoral nomadism-sedentarism continuum.

"This paper attempts to gather and present as much information as possible on crude birth and death rates and natural increase rates for various pastoral nomadic societies in different African and Middle Eastern countries. The information is arranged by a subdivision into nomads, seminomads, and sedentarized nomads. A summarization of this information suggests a possible pattern by which birth rates rise, death rates fall (but may rise in certain circumstances), and natural increase rates rise along the nomadism-sedentarism continuum. Such a possible pattern has several policy implications for governments assessing the needs of a nomadic society undergoing a process of change in its socio-ecological relationships."

Africa↗
PubMed1994

Immigration and unemployment in Australia.

"This article is presented in two parts. The first contains a discussion of Australia's migration programme, its different categories and changes in intakes. It also deals with the contribution made by immigration to the size of the labour force.... The second part deals with the effect of immigration on the unemployment rate and concludes that its effect is negligible or, at best, slightly positive.... Against this background the paper discusses factors contributing to the employment and unemployment experience of migrants, for whom English language proficiency and the possession of recognized skills and qualifications are important in determining employability." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Australia↗
PubMed2001

Migration, refugees, and health risks.

Migration both voluntary and forced is increasing all over the world. People are moving in larger numbers faster and further than at any other time in history. This is happening at a time when many countries are ill-prepared to deal with a changing demography and when policies and attitudes to population movement and immigration are hardening. The health implications of this are many, and, in some cases, illness and death rates associated with migration are exacerbated by a lack of policies needed to make migration a healthy and socially productive process. From a public health point of view, this is having and will continue to have serious ramifications for the people that move, the family they leave behind, and the communities that host the newcomers.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The crisis of international migration in an integrating West Africa: a case study of Nigeria and Ghana.

The mass expulsions of illegal immigrants that have taken place in recent years in Western Africa are examined, with particular reference to those in Ghana in 1969 and Nigeria in 1983. The author considers "the context within which they have taken place, including some of the longterm causes, and the systematic nature of the migrations which preceded them; the ways in which these have been handled by the states concerned; and their implications for the rights and status of migrants as a particular form of exploited labour within the development process in the subregion." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Africa↗
PubMed1988

Migration selectivity and the effects of public programs.

"A model of the spatial distribution of mobile heterogeneous agents is formulated to assess how a price change or program subsidy that is location-specific affects the composition of local residents via selective migration and thus biases evaluations of the effectiveness of the program based on its local consequences. Longitudinal data from Colombia are used to test the implications of migration selectivity. The findings confirm the existence of selective migration, suggesting that local subsidies to human capital attract high-income but, within income groups, low-fertility households and those with low human capital endowments. These migration patterns are shown to be consistent with the dominance of endowment over tastes heterogeneity in the population under plausible behavioral assumptions."

Americas↗
PubMed1988

Regulations concerning the entry, exit, and residence of foreigners in Taiwan, September 1988.

Among other things, these Regulations provide that 1) foreigners who have residence permits for Taiwan and who must apply for exit permits before being allowed to leave will not be allowed to leave if any concerned authorities put a restriction on their exits or if their case is under consideration and 2) children born to Chinese females who are married to foreigners will not be allowed to have Taiwan citizenship but will be allowed to stay in Taiwan if they apply as stateless persons wanting residence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The geographic distribution of foreigners in West Germany.

A review of the geographic distribution of the 5 million foreigners resident primarily in the urban areas of the Federal Republic of Germany is presented. "Economic trend surface and mixed space-time interaction models were chosen to analyse the changing distribution from 1964 to 1981." The results suggest that the settlement of foreigners in the 1960s was primarily influenced by job opportunities, whereas immigrants in the 1970s were more spatially diffused down the urban hierarchy. In 1981, "first-order spatial and temporal interaction or contagion effects are significant in determining the settlement pattern. The general south to north latitudinal settlement trend is weakening over time as migration responds less to distance (intervening opportunity) and more to local economic factors, immigration legislation, family reunification, and local contagion effects." (summary in FRE, GER)

Culture↗
PubMed1984

Undocumented migration to Venezuela.

"In 1980 Venezuela took...steps to regularize the undocumented migrant population. While the number responding to the amnesty was small relative to expectations, the majority of illegals appeared to have regularized their status. For the first time it was possible to assess objectively the characteristics of the undocumented population. Moreover, the problem of illegal migrants seems to have been temporarily solved, a result of both the amnesty and the country's declining economic activity." Topics covered in the present article include the nationality, geographic distribution, sex and age distribution, educational status, and occupations of undocumented migrants.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1986

Immigration to Western Europe, 1952-1982: a time-series analysis of movement to Sweden, France, and Essen.

"Two contradictory approaches--an equilibrium view based on neoclassical economic principles and a structuralist view based on labour needs of core economies--dominate contemporary international migration research. Using a monthly time-series for Essen [Federal Republic of Germany], Sweden, and France for 1952-1982 of immigration by different nationalities, a specific hypothesis derived from the neoclassical view, relating immigration to economic growth and stagnation, was tested using the Box-Jenkins ARIMA modelling approach." The only support for the hypothesis came from the example of the local labor market in Essen. The author notes that "most migration flows are described by complex ARIMA models. Immigration legislation had a stronger and more direct effect on the strength and timing of flows than economic trends. Predictions based on univariate and bivariate models are not very useful: immigration trends over the past decade are significantly different from earlier flows."

Demography↗
PubMed1985

Togo.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

The migratory impact of minimum wage legislation: Puerto Rico, 1970-1987.

"This study examines the impact of minimum wage setting on labor migration. A multiple time series framework is applied to monthly data for Puerto Rico from 1970-1987. The results show that net emigration from Puerto Rico to the United States fell in response to significant changes in the manner in which minimum wage policy was conducted, particularly after 1974. The extent of commuter type labor migration between Puerto Rico and the United States is influenced by minimum wage policy, with potentially important consequences for human capital investment and long-term standards of living."

Americas↗