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[Bases for control of arthropod vectors: III--Insecticides and questions they raise (author's transl)].

Insecticides are still nowadays our main way of control of arthropod vectors. Their use raises many important question, resistance of the vectors, toxicity, risks of pollution and costs of spraying campaigns. These various drawbacks are considered with special regard to the problem of resistance its world wide spreading, its mechanisms, its meaning. The various types of toxicity are also detailed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Transmission of Yersinia pestis from an infectious biofilm in the flea vector.

Transmission of plague by fleas depends on infection of the proventricular valve in the insect's foregut by a dense aggregate of Yersinia pestis. Proventricular infection requires the Y. pestis hemin storage (hms) genes; here, we show that the hms genes are also required to produce an extracellular matrix and a biofilm in vitro, supporting the hypothesis that a transmissible infection in the flea depends on the development of a biofilm on the hydrophobic, acellular surface of spines that line the interior of the proventriculus. The development of biofilm and proventricular infection did not depend on the 3 Y. pestis quorum-sensing systems. The extracellular matrix enveloping the Y. pestis biofilm in the flea appeared to incorporate components from the flea's blood meal, and bacteria released from the biofilm were more resistant to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes than were in vitro-grown Y. pestis. Enabling arthropod-borne transmission represents a novel function of a bacterial biofilm.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Expression of the human dbl-oncogene and proto-oncogene products in insect cells using a baculovirus vector.

Among the expression vectors, the baculovirus system has been successfully developed and it has been shown to be suitable as a helper-independent viral expression vector for high level of production of recombinant proteins in cultured insect cells. The high efficiency of this system derives from the viral strong promoter of the polyhedrin gene. Recombinant viruses containing foreign DNA inserted into the polyhedrin gene, will no longer produce polyhedrin and will form plaques morphologically different from the plaques produced by the wild type virus. We have expressed, at high level, the dbl and proto-dbl proteins using the baculovirus system. dbl and proto-dbl gene products produced in insect cells resulted to have the same post-translational modifications and subcellular localization observed in dbl and proto-dbl transfectants.

3T3 Cells↗