Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Epilepsy, Absence”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in the care of epileptic patients.

Plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drugs were measured in outpatients with a positive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. Dosage adjustments were based on pharmacokinetic principles to obtain optimal seizure control and drug utilization. By means of the sign test the decrease in the frequency of seizures was shown to be statistically significant (P = 0,00024), as was the decrease in the number of anti-epileptic drugs being used concurrently (P = 0,00098). Combined with judicious clinical observation, measurement of blood levels of antiepileptic drugs can contribute greatly to the successful management of the epileptic patient.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1982

["Epileptic" spiked vertex potentials in brief sleep after sleep reduction].

Patients with suspected seizure disorders frequently show graphoelements which can be interpreted as the expression of a disposition for epilepsy. These sharp vertex elements were evident in 54 out of 719 short term sleep recordings, more often in children than in adults. 49 times they coincided with typical epileptic discharges such as sharp waves, spikes or spike waves in the same recording.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Epilepsy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Suspension of antiepilepsy therapy in subjects with epilepsy starting in early childhood].

After a complete review of the literature the AA. found that the results of the researches about the withdrawal of anticonvulsant therapy in epileptics were discordant. In order to investigate predicting criteria in terms of relapses, four hundred and fifty-seven epileptic children were followed up for a least three years (mean = 4,7 years) after drug withdrawal to determine the frequency of relapses and to discern any prognostic criteria. Each child had at least three separate a febrile seizures before the age of fifteen. Both primary and secondary forms have been considered. Clinical records were analyzed retrospectively to determine which factors were associated with recurrent seizures. The factors evaluated were: 1) types of seizures, 2) age of onset of seizures, 3) kind of therapy, 4) severity of seizure disorder, 5) age of the last seizure, 6) duration of therapy, 7) seizure-free period before drug withdrawal, 8) age of interruption of anticonvulsive therapy, 9) kind of discontinuation and 10) electroencephalography patterns. Statistically significant relationship was found between the type of seizure and the risk of relapse. Relapse rates were lowest in petit-mal epilepsy (2,6%) and in grandmal attacks (13,2%). The highest rate was in children with organic forms (26,2%) and with multiple seizure types (37,5%). A striking relationship was observed between increased risk of recurrence and a short seizure-free period before drug withdrawal and a short duration of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1995

[Adaptive biocontrol in the system of treating epilepsy patients].

Adjuvant treatment of seizures by means of adaptive bioregulation was developed on the basis of material comprising 53 epileptic patients. The onset of auras or predictors of seizures was the signal to begin self-regulating activity. Method of suppression of paroxysmal epileptic activity in the moment of autogenic submersion of the patient is described. Efficacy of autogenic submersion was controlled by reduction of paroxysmal activity on EEG during EEG-examination in the hospital. The approach proved superior to chemotherapy alone.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

Positron emission tomography in pediatric epilepsy.

PET is an additional tool in the armamentarium to provide improved care to children and infants with epilepsy. It provides important lateralizing information noninvasively, thus avoiding the need for depth or subdural electrodes in most instances. It can be invaluable when CT and MR imaging do not show a structural lesion. When it corresponds to an EEG focus of epileptogenicity, intraoperative electrocorticography may be used to delineate further the extent of surgical resection, often with impressive reduction in the seizure frequency postoperatively. As PET technology continues to improve, the clinical role of PET in the future will undoubtedly continue to grow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[The use of Lamiktal in treating epilepsy in children and adolescents].

Antiepileptic effects of lamiktal (lamotrigine) produced in Great Britain (Wellcome) was tried in 7 children aged 3-14 and 3 adults aged 18-30. Of them 6 patients and 4 patients suffered from temporal polymorphic fits and general paroxysms, respectively. Upon 3-month follow-up it was found that the fits discontinued in 4 patients, frequency of the paroxysms reduced or they became abortive in 6 cases. EEG changes were insignificant. No side effects occurred. Lamiktal is recommended in polymorphic seizures in children and adults, in failure of other anticonvulsants in patients frequently affected with epileptic paroxysms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of infections on the course and effectiveness of epilepsy treatment in children].

The analysis was carried out in a group of 32 children with coexistent chronic urinary tract or respiratory infections. In 20 children an unfavourable effect of infection on the course of epilepsy was observed. Worsening of epilepsy during infection was observed mainly in children without evidence of nervous system damage with primarily generalized seizures, and in cases when the first attacks developed after protective vaccinations. The effect of urinary tract infections was particularly unfavourable. The authors put forward the hypothesis of immunological basis of exacerbation of epileptic seizures during chronic infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Intrathalamic rhythmicity studied in vitro: nominal T-current modulation causes robust antioscillatory effects.

Thalamocortical oscillations mediate both physiological and pathophysiological behaviors including sleep and generalized absence epilepsy (GA). Reciprocal intrathalamic circuitry and robust burst firing, dependent on underlying transient Ca current (IT) in thalamic neurons, support generation of such rhythms. In order to study the regulation of intrathalamic rhythm generation and the effects of GA anticonvulsants previously shown to reduce IT in acutely isolated thalamic neurons, we developed an in vitro rat thalamic slice preparation that retains sufficient intrathalamic circuitry to support evoked oscillations (range = 2.0-4.6 Hz, average = 2.7, n = 38), associated with burst firing in the thalamic reticular nucleus (nRt) and thalamic relay neurons. Extracellular stimulation of nRt evoked in relay neurons a biphasic inhibitory response with prominent GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated components. The GABAA component was picrotoxin sensitive, outwardly rectifying and Cl- dependent, with a very negative reversal potential (-94 mV), indicating that an active extrusion mechanism exists in these cells to keep [Cl-]i < 5 mM. The GABAB component had a linear conductance, a reversal potential of -103 mV, and was quite long lasting (about 300 msec) so that rebound bursts often were generated on its decay phase, presumably leading to reexcitation of nRt through known excitatory connections. GABAB-mediated responses thus provide a timing mechanism for promoting slow intrathalamic oscillations. Reduction of IT (30-40%) by succinimides slightly increased the threshold for burst generation in relay and nRt cells, but there was little effect on either number of spikes/burst or intraburst frequency, and there were no other direct effects on other measures of cellular excitability. Intrathalamic oscillations were significantly reduced by these agents through a slight decrease in burst probability of thalamic neurons. We conclude that interactions between the intrinsic properties of thalamic neurons and intrathalamic circuitry lead to generation of slow oscillations. A similar mechanism may underlie the pathophysiological 3 Hz spike and wave EEG activity that characterizes GA. Furthermore, anti-GA drugs such as ethosuximide probably exert their action by reducing the burst-firing probability of neurons within populations of reciprocally interconnected relay and nRt neurons, thus producing a desynchronization of the thalamic circuit that prevents spike/wave generation.

Animals↗