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At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Factors causing deafness in deaf-mute students].

An analysis of 240 deaf-mute students revealed that the main cause of congenital deafness had been heredity (68.5%) which was different from that before 1970s. Of the patients with delayed deafness, 29.8% were hereditary. Altogether, 92 cases (38.3%) had hereditary deafness, among which, 50 cases (46 families) were of autosomal recessive and 42 cases (37 families) autosomal dominant. Thirty-eight cases (41.3%) had their deafness induced by ototoxic antibiotics. A significant familial history of high susceptibility to such antibiotics was available in 26 cases (68.4%). It is suggested that the key of deaf-prevention should be eugenics and the avoidance of ototoxic antibiotic abuse.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Factors that influence the elderly to use traditional or nontraditional nutrition information sources.

This study analyzed sociodemographic variables, access to medical care, health status-related variables, and nutrition status-related variables to determine their ability to predict an orientation toward traditional or nontraditional nutrition information sources among aged subjects in Eugene, OR. Data were collected from 165 randomly selected subjects by trained interviewers using face-to-face interviews. Nutritionist orientation was measured by a Traditional/Nontraditional Index (TNT Index) developed for the study. Nutrition knowledge and misinformation, supplement use, and sources of nutrition information were also investigated. Predictors of nontraditional nutritionist orientation were acceptance of nutrition misinformation and male sex (adjusted R2 = .09). For women, predictors of a similar orientation were acceptance of nutrition misinformation, low knowledge of general nutrition information, and low functional health status (adjusted R2 = .19). Mean nutrition knowledge scores were high, with a mean of 4.7 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.8) on a scale ranging from 4 (high) to 8 (low). However, many of the subjects did not list dairy foods (28%) and grains (27%) as necessary in the diet. In addition, belief in certain nutrition myths was widespread. More than 58% were taking one or more supplements (mean = 1.4 supplements per day, SD = 1.98). Physicians were mentioned as most likely sources of nutrition information, with dietitians and health food store personnel mentioned second, indicating the importance of marketing efforts for registered dietitians.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical indications for abortions induced in the 2d trimester of prenatal life. Epidemiological considerations and prospects of prevention].

A review of more then 20,000 induced abortions led to recognize a series of about 1,500 late abortions induced upon medical indication during the second trimester of pregnancy, in accordance with the 1978 italian Law. About 20% of these abortions were performed in teen-agers. Only 3.5% of these 1.500 abortions corresponded to the classic "therapeutical" motivation due to danger to the physical health of the mother. Eugenic abortions induced by ascertained fetal malformation, chromosomal abnormality or other suspected prenatal pathology, could be identified in 36.9% of cases, even if legal motivation went correlated to the mental health of the mother. In 59.6% of cases motivation was a peculiar psycho-emotional condition of mother suffering, inducing fear for her mental health. Data were analysed and correlated to a series of relevant variables. Considerations of general value regarding the prevalence of the phenomenon of rejected pregnancies, the rate of spontaneous abortions, and the lack of birth control, are based on the comparison of the results with those of the first trimester induced abortions, spontaneous abortions and natality rate recorded in the same Hospital, in the population of Milan and in the italian largest region, Lombardy. Consistently with the recognition, based on biological, medical and ethical ground, of the presence of a new human life during pregnancy, the Author stresses the need for a realistic approach to the problem also from the legal and medical point of view. In particular, the urgent need for comprehensive and efficient programs of prevention of abortion, which still remains all over the world a major challenge for society, human dignity and modern gynaecological science is emphasized.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

[August Forel and Dumeng Bezzola--an exchange of letters].

The correspondence between August Forel (1848-1931) and Dumeng Bezzola (1868-1936), a forgotten Swiss psychiatrist, shows the deep ambivalence of Forel in regard of Freudian theories. Forel expresses clearly his screpticism not only concerning psychoanalysis in itself but also in regard of the Burghölzli School, i.e. Eugen Bleuler and Carl Gustav Jung. Forel and Bezzola were both involved in the vigorous fight against alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

A double-blind trial of ademetionine vs naproxen in activated gonarthrosis.

The efficacy and safety of ademetionine (A) vs naproxen (N) were tested in a double-blind trial carried out in 20 patients, each with activated gonarthrosis. The trial lasted 6 weeks. During the first week, A was administered at a daily dose of 3 x 400 mg and afterwards at a dose of 2 x 400 mg, whereas the daily dose of N during the first week was 3 x 250 mg and subsequently 2 x 250 mg. During the first two weeks, the patients were allowed to take paracetamol as an additional analgesic. The patients were examined at the beginning of the study and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The parameters tested were: pain (under different conditions), crepitation, joint swelling, circumference of joint, extent of motility and walking time over 10 meters. In addition to the usual laboratory tests, the serum keratane-sulphate concentrations (with monoclonal antibodies according to the ELISA technique of Eugene et al. [1985]) were also determined. At the end of the 6th week no statistically significant difference between the two patient groups treated was found; both groups exhibited a marked improvement on all parameters. At the end of medication, the keratane-sulphate concentrations were not significantly changed. Five patients under A and 3 under N reported gastrointestinal side effects which were possibly drug-related. This study, performed in a small number of patients, showed a good efficacy and safety of ademetionine. Only further studies on a larger scale will show the importance of ademetionine in the therapy of rheumatic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Must the European fetus be a legal chameleon?].

Currently a legal "haze" surrounds the problem of the fetus in Europe, and there is a need to set this problem in order as a safety for intervening physicians. Actually, some legislation tends to protect the fetus while others authorize its destruction. Under the French law, the fetus appears quite personalized. For instance, in the jurisprudence of non-assistance to a person in danger, it was suggested that an obstetrician perform an immediate caesarean section after death. Other authors have advocated emergency transfusion of blood or blood products to a pregnant woman who refuses any treatment because of religious beliefs, when a fetal risk was demonstrated. Most jurisdictions indict for voluntary homicide when an obstetrician's or a midwife's fault has resulted in fetal death in utero or during delivery. On the contrary, suppression on intra-uterine life may be considered as legal within the framework of the law on VIG (voluntary interruption of pregnancy), as no date-limit is provided for therapeutic interruption of pregnancy. Therefore, severe maternal distress and the strong probability of a fetal malformation incompatible with life, leave the specialists quite undecided in the face of requests for therapeutic interruptions that some jurists have justifiably advised to name, most of the time, "eugenic". The author mentions the fetus conceived after rape or incest, the fetus presenting a malformation, the fetus with trisomy..., who are not particularly protected from a legal standpoint, as well as the fetus threatened of destruction after a sex selection or if the fetus is among an excessive number resulting from ovarian hyperstimulation.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Genetic problems associated with artificial reproduction using donor gametes: solutions adopted by CECOS (Centres d'Etude et de Conservations du Sperme].

Artificial reproductions using donor sperms or oocytes are increasing. In this way they offer the doctor the chance of preventing genetic handicaps that cannot be obtained by natural reproduction, and that therefore should be used. To deny this medical power is dangerously nihilistic. The use of this power for eugenic or commercial ends can lead to abuses. Therefore a strict medical protocol is proposed: 1) The use should be exclusively therapeutic and should include the genetic reasons for using a donor gamete in reproduction. 2) The objectives should be defined and the methods that can be employed in the prevention of abnormal genetic inheritance. 3) Research should be carried out into the possible iatrogenic effects of these methods of artificial reproduction.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Abortion in the 2d trimester using carboprost tromethamine].

The authors present their own experience (1980-1985) in the application (im. so called "monotone rhythm and doses") of Prostin 15-M (Upjohn) in legal abortions in the second trimester (14th-20th gestational weeks). This preparation was applied in 470 patients divided into 3 groups for the purpose of differential treatment and analysis: A--gravidae juvenae 13-18 years of age, B--gravidae adultae (19-40 years of age) C--gravidae vetustae 41-46 years of age. The mean age of patients by age groups was: A-16 years + 8 months; B-26 years + 3 months; C-42 years + 7 months. Indications for abortion were: medical in 53.83%, eugenic in 30.21%, medico-social in 14.25%, and ethico-legal in 1.70%. The percentage of primigravidae was 40.42 and of multigravidae 59.76%. The average length of the abortion interval and the average dose of Prostin 15-M (in ml) were as follows: group A 28 h 30' and 8.92 ml; group B 23 h 23' and 8.23 ml. and group C 16 h and 4.97 ml. All recorded side-effects and complications were analysed. Significant complications occurred in 5 cases (1.06%): cervical rupture in 3 cases and massive postabortal haemorrhage in 2 cases. No deaths occurred. The authors elaborated a system of the differential evaluation of the efficacy of this method and its advantages over other methods previously applied. The method has proved to be very simple, efficacious, suitable from the medico-clinical point of view, with a relatively low percentage of complications, and economical (costs of treatment and hospitalisation).

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1970

Pre- and post-natal growth acceleration and increased sugar consumption in Canadian Eskimos.

A striking increase in birth weights and height measurements in children of Canadian Eskimos was observed in recent years.The growth acceleration seen to varying degrees in different Eskimo groups appears most closely to parallel the increase in the per capita annual sugar consumption which has more than quadrupled during the last decade in some trading areas of the Canadian Central and Eastern Arctic, while the per capita consumption of protein derived from animal sources shows a reverse relationship.Canadian Eskimos do, therefore, contrary to what is stated in earlier publications, conform to the general secular growth acceleration patterns observed in all populations coming under the influence of modern civilization. They do not, however, conform to the commonly held explanation for this acceleration, namely increased consumption of high-quality proteins, since their traditionally extremely high consumption of meat and fish decreased markedly during the same period.Our observations confirm the relation of growth acceleration and consumption of sugar first established by the Swiss pediatrician, Eugen Ziegler. A hypothesis first advanced by Ziegler is elaborated to link this growth acceleration, in particular the extraordinary increase in birth weight, to "pseudo-diabetic" oral glucose tolerance patterns described previously by the author in a large proportion of Eskimos.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1967

Legalized abortion in Japan.

The enactment of the Eugenic Protection Act in Japan was followed by many changes. The population explosion was stemmed, the birth rate was halved, and while the marriage rate remained steady the divorce rate declined. The annual total of abortions increased until 1955 and then slowly declined. The highest incidence of abortions in families is in the 30 to 34 age group when there are four children in the family. As elsewhere abortion in advanced stages of pregnancy is associated with high morbidity and mortality. There is little consensus as to the number of criminal abortions. Reasons for criminal abortions can be found in the legal restrictions concerning abortion: Licensing of the abortionist, certification of hospitals, taxation of operations and the requirement that abortion be reported. Other factors are price competition and the patient's desire for secrecy. Contraception is relatively ineffective as a birth control method in Japan. Oral contraceptives are not yet government approved. In 1958 alone 1.1 per cent of married women were sterilized and the incidence of sterilization was increasing.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Improving the Löwenstein-Jensen medium].

The authors have carried out some modifications of the formula of the Löwenstein-Jensen medium in view of a better cultivation of the Koch bacilli. The changes consisted in the elimination of glycerin, addition of glucose, or sodium pyruvate and glucose, or in the addition of fractions of cultures of mycobacteria. The material seeded on this medium consisted in 20 wild strains of tubercle bacilli (M. tuberculosis) showing both drug sensitivity and drug resistance, and 167 samples of sputum obtained from patients with confirmed tuberculosis or from subjects suspected of tuberculosis. The possibility to identify the effects of sodium pyruvate and of glucose by increasing their concentration to 0,5 g% was also studied with another 68 products. The results demonstrated that addition of 0,25 g% of sodium pyruvate, and of 0,25 g% of glucose, as well as elimination of glycerin from the Löwenstein-Jensen medium stimulated the development of the Koch bacilli from pathological products, and increased the frequency of positive cultures. The development of colonies 1 to 2 weeks earlier and the obtention of more numerous eugenic colonies.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1981

Gastroschisis.

Twenty-five newborn infants were treated for gastroschisis between 1971 and 1979 at the Eugene Talmadge Memorial Hospital. Primary closure of the defect was accomplished in 17 patients and eight required staged procedures with Silon. The overall mortality rate was 32 per cent. The major causes of death were related to the status of the bowel at the initial procedure as well as weight and body temperature on admission. Respiratory function was not influenced by the type of repair. Since gut dysfunction in the postoperative period is likely to be prolonged, total parenteral nutrition continues to play a major role in survival.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1984

HCMR interviews physician administrator leaders. Interview by Michael J. Enright.

This interview departs from HCMR's usual format, interviewing several leaders in health care administration for their ideas on current economic pressures, the impact of competition and joint ventures, attitudes toward equity and capital formation, and competition between the interest of clinical medicine and the cost of care. The physician administrators interviewed hold senior administrative positions: Charles Edwards, President and Chief Executive Officer of Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation; Robert A. Henry, President and Chief Executive Officer of Swedish-American Corporation; William S. Kiser, Chairman of the Board of Governors at Cleveland Clinic Foundation; W. Eugene Mayberry, Chairman of the Board of Governors at Mayo Clinic; and Ronald P. Kaufman, Vice-President for Medical Affairs of George Washington University Hospital. All are members of the Board of Regents or Fellows of the American College of Physician Executives.

Economic Competition↗
PubMed1983

[Quantitative evaluation of the protective action of skin protectors].

The purpose of research was to study and give a comparative evaluation of cystamine, mexamine, ionol, dimethyl--sulfoxide, eugenic acid, castor oil and cholesterol as skin local radioprotectors. Experiments were made on random-bred albino rats. Skin areas 25 mm2 in size on each paw were irradiated. The exposure dose rate was 5 X 10(-3) A/kg (1160 p/min.), the surface dose 6.5 X 10(-1) and 7.7 X 10(-1) Q/kg (2500 and 3000 P respectively). The time period (in days) of weak and severe erythema, dry and moist desquamations was assessed. The most sensitive "critical" components of radiation response which are open to modification with the help of radioprotectors--severe erythema and moist desquamation were revealed. Mexamine, cystamine and ionol produce the most marked effect. The value of their protective effect is 48.3; 40.1 and 32.3 units respectively. Skin radioprotectors possessing not less than 50% efficacy can be introduced into practice. A search for new radioprotectors should be aimed at the investigation of agents with the efficacy of a reduction of radiation injuries by 70% and more.

5-Methoxytryptamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Legal statutes on sterilization].

Sterilization in Yugoslavia is no population policy measure. Decision about the birth of children is free, a private problem of any individual, a basic right guaranteed by the Constitution. However, according to certain laws in Slovenia and Croatia, sterilization is allowed as a family planning method in persons over 35 year old. Only exceptionally can sterilization be applied in persons younger than 35 years: according to the Slovenian law, in cases when a person lacks the capacity of reasoning and also when there are medical indications, and according to the Croatian law, when there are medical and eugenic reasons (if the child is supposed to be born with negative congenital properties).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Genetics and society].

With the use of mathematical models it was attempted to calculate the probability of eugenic or dysgenic effects as a consequence of medical treatment and of procedures used in human genetics. 1. Modern medicine will cause mainly an increase in multifactorial malformations and diseases. But the resulting burden for the general public most probably will be considerably smaller compared to to-day expenses for the care of those affected with chronic inherited diseases. 2. For many families concerned prenatal diagnosis is the only reasonable approach to obtain healthy children of their own. In order to reduce substantially the number of affected individuals prenatal diagnosis would have to be applied as a prospective mass screening which in many cases would be too demanding.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1995

Fever without apparent source on clinical examination, lower respiratory infections in children, bacterial infections, and acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood.

This section focuses on issues in infectious disease that are commonly encountered in pediatric office practice. Paul McCarthy discusses recent literature regarding the evaluation and management of acute fevers without apparent source on clinical examination in infants and children and the evaluation of children with prolonged fevers of unknown origin. David Bachman reviews recent literature about lower respiratory tract infection in children and focuses on community-acquired lower respiratory infections and respiratory syncytial virus. Eugene Shapiro discusses literature concerning several infectious diseases commonly seen in office settings and concerning which recent developments are of interest: the hemolytic-uremic syndrome and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin, infections in day care centers, and new antimicrobial drugs. Michael Baron reviews recent literature about gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood and discusses diagnosis, complications, pathogenesis and physiology, epidemiology, and treatment.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some ethical issues in genetic medicine.

The world-wide project to map the human genome contains great promise for identifying the genetic determinants of disease and the development of gene therapies. However, at the same time it creates extensive possibilities for breaches of human rights, for the development of social policies of a eugenic kind and for the invasion of privacy and the use of genetic information for other than medical purposes. This article provides a broad overview of the possibilities.

Chromosome Mapping↗