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PubMed1975

Sex and side differences and correlations between quantitative palmar characteristics in a sample Sardinian population.

Defferences between the sexes and between the sides and the correlations between four quantitative characteristics of palmar dermatoglyphics in a sample population of 809 individuals (418 males and 391 females) from the city of Cagliari, Sardinia, are tested. Males have a greater number of ridges than females, shown by a greater a-b ridge count and A-d ridge count, and a more transverse slope of the main lines, shown by a greater main line index and papillary number. The left palm shows a greater number of ridges than the right palm between the A line and the triradius d and between the triradii a and b, with a lower main line index and papillary number. The a-b ridge count has a negative correlation with the main line index and with the papillary number and a positive one with the A-d ridge count; these correlations are greater in the left palms, especially in the males.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1979

Absence of triradius d in a three-generation pedigree and other variations of main-line D.

An example is reported of a rare dermatoglyphic variant (absence of triradius d) in a woman of mixed European and Cherokee American Indian ancestry. This variant was not present in her parents, her five siblings, four nephews or one niece. Attention is drawn to the continuum from an absent triradius d to a triradius with an abbreviated main-line associated with either an open field in interdigital area IV, or a loop in interdigital area IV or a tented arch at d. This same continuum occurs at c. The absent triradius at d is extremely rare and the tented arch at d is very rare.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1982

Path analysis of total palmar pattern ridge counts.

Recently a new dermatoglyphic measure was defined called the Total Palmar Pattern Ridge Count (TPPRC), which is the sum of the ten single counts (Malhotra et al., 1981). Malhotra and associates presented estimates of five familial correlations, including twins, which are analyzed here using the models and methods of path analysis. It is concluded that about one-third of the variation in the TPPRC is accounted for by additive genetic factors (h2 = .37 +/- .06). However, the observed MZ twin correlation (.8) cannot be explained in terms of h2 alone, requiring either intrauterine environment specific to MZ twins or dominance deviations. This second source of family resemblance cannot be resolved in this material.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1983

Structured exploratory data analysis (SEDA) of finger ridge-count inheritance: I. Major gene index, midparental correlation, and offspring-between-parents function in 125 south Indian families.

Fourteen dermatoglyphic traits measured on 125 Velanadu Brahmin families were analyzed for mode of inheritance using three Structured Exploratory Data Analysis (SEDA) statistics: the major gene index, the offspring between parents function, and the traditional midparental correlation coefficient. Since the traits are integer valued with restricted ranges of variation, we simulated various transmission models with discrete expression to better understand the nature of the SEDA statistics for such variables. In addition, permutation procedures were employed to aid the interpretation of the SEDA results. These analyses suggest that corresponding homologous fingers on the left and right hands exhibit similar transmission characteristics. The relationship of the parent and child total ridge-counts of the two hands separately, as well as their combined total, virtually simulate complete Galtonian blending inheritance. Results for the individual digital ridge-counts as well as the pattern-intensity-index variable also suggest a multifactorial mode of transmission or possibly one involving several genes.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1983

Structured exploratory data analysis (SEDA) of finger ridge-count inheritance: II. Association arrays in parent-offspring and sib-sib pairs.

Familial similarity of the dermatoglyphic trait values of finger ridge-count scores and pattern intensity index is examined for 125 nuclear families from the Velanadu Brahmin population of Southern India by the method of association arrays. This methodology assesses parent-offspring and sibship similarity through a collection of measures of dependence that is sensitive to a variety of nonlinear trends and stochastic relationships between trait values. The method is used in conjunction with various weights to determine the relationship between family size and the level and form of dependence. These analyses reveal that siblings are most strongly associated for ridge-counts of the middle digit and less associated for the thumb and fifth digit ridge-counts. Further, sibship similarity for ridge-counts increases with family size for the thumb and fifth digit but remains relatively constant over all family sizes for the middle finger. Family size effects are also observed for total ridge-counts of the left hand, right hand, and both hands combined, and for the pattern intensity index. These effects of family size may be due to the most pronounced changes occurring in the amniotic environment between the first and second pregnancy, which are most strongly manifested in the sibship associations of smaller families.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1987

Simian crease incidence and the correlation with thenar and hypothenar pattern types in Swedish patients with trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome).

In the present study the frequency of the simian crease among 57 Down patients is compared to the corresponding figures of related and unrelated individuals. A study of the correlation with the dermatoglyphic patterns of the thenar and hypothenar areas is presented, the palm print classification being carried out according to a Swedish method.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1987

Isolation by distance in Middle Dalmatia-Yugoslavia.

Parameters of Malécot's isolation-by-distance model are estimated for biological (anthropometric head and body dimensions, morphometric dimensions of metacarpal bones, quantitative and qualitative dermatoglyphic traits, and physiological/cardiorespiratory/variables) and linguistic distances and migrational kinship on the island of Korcula and the Peljesac peninsula in Middle Dalmatia, Croatia, Yugoslavia. Resulting parameters and the fit of the model are compared, for both regions, as well as with results of similar analysis in other parts of the world. The fit of the model is highly significant for migrational kinship and linguistic distances and less so for biological traits. Differences between these two populations, which live under basically similar ecological conditions, are explained by variation in biological and sociocultural history.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

As to the occurrence of accessory triradii in interdigitum 3 of the human palm.

Analysis of extensive dermatoglyphic data, collected from West Kenya by Doz. E.M. Winkler, showed considerable intergroup variability in the frequencies of accessory triradii in the third interdigital area (interdigitum 3) of the palm. A review of the literature confirmed the universally low frequency of this trait, as well as its racial variability, with the Negroes having the highest frequency.

Black People↗
PubMed1988

Isolation by distance on the Island of Korcula: correlation analysis of distance measures.

Within the framework of holistic anthropological investigations of the rural populations on the Island of Korcula, various measures of biological distances between eight villages were estimated (Mahalanobis' D2 for anthropometric, physiological, and dermatoglyphic traits); socio-cultural similarities and distances were determined (kinship coefficient estimated from migrational data and Hemming similarity measure estimated from linguistic data). A matrix of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients among these measures demonstrated a pattern of interdependencies, which we analysed further by principal components analysis. The first component reflects the cumulative effect of different processes acting on the initial gene distribution over a long period of time; the second component represents initial population structure; and the third component reflects recent migration influences.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1991

Hypothenar radial arch in man: observations on its distribution, morphology, symmetry, and inheritance.

Hypothenar radial arch was found in 2.07% of the males and 2.82% of females in a sample of 2,130 Bulgarians. Persons bearing the pattern on the right hand display the highest frequency, followed by those bearing the pattern bilaterally and those with it on the left hand. A well-expressed tendency of the hypothenar radial arch towards symmetrical occurrence was disclosed through the ratio between the actual and expected frequency of its bilateral occurrence. This ratio is recommended as an efficient estimator of tendency toward symmetry. The presence of the pattern is associated with morphological peculiarities of the other dermatoglyphic features of the palm. Line A ends at two parts of the palm periphery which are extremes of its usual distribution. Line D is shortened and the ridges run more vertically than in palms without the pattern. The connection of the hypothenar radial arch with the border ulnar triradius, along with the observations on the opposite hypothenars in the unilateral cases, provides a support of Wilder's conception concerning the mode of formation of the pattern. A genealogical tree exhibiting transmission of the pattern over three consecutive generations is presented. A pattern of dominant inheritance with a fairly reduced penetrance is compatible with the genealogical data.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1984

Genetic microcephaly in a pair of monozygous twins.

A pair of monozygotic female twins with true primary microcephaly is described. The autosomal-recessive nature of the disease is supported by the following: the twins are concordant for the disease; the parents, themselves normal, are related; the reduced skull dimensions were noted at birth; neurologic problems are absent; the karyotype is normal; the gestation and delivery were normal, without any history of influences capable of inducing microcephaly. A detailed dermatoglyphic study is given.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1975

Trisomy 9p due to paternal translocation, t(9;13) (q13;q12).

A 16-year-old girl with trisomy 9p is described. She had a short stature, severe mental retardation and the following abnormal clinical findings: peculiar face with hypertelorism, downward slanting palpebral fissures, convergent strabismus, a bulbous nose with broad and prominent bridge, short upper lip, narrow, high-arched palate; short neck with low hairline; severe kyphoscoliosis and a congenital clubfoot deformity; hypoplasia and dysplasia of several phalanges of the fingers and toes and some nails, a delay by about 6 years in bone age, and remarkable dermatoglyphic patterns. The father and 3 other family members carried a balanced translocation between chromosomes 9 and 13, t(9;13)(q13;q12).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Dissociation of a t(12;21) resulting in a normal cell line in two trisomic 21 sons of a nonmosaic t(12;21) father?

A normal cell line arising from a translocation, t(12;21), possibly by dissociation, was observed in two brothers in early life. Each was conceived as trisomic 21 by their 45,XY,-12,-21,+t(12;21) father, who was phenotypically normal. Each brother showed morphologic manifestations of trisomy 21 syndrome, and each was mildly mentally retarded. Dermatoglyphic indices were not diagnostic of trisomy 21 syndrome. At 4 months the younger brother had a 50:50 proportion of trisomic:normal blood cells which became 25:75 of trisomic 21:normal at 36 months. The older brother had a 25:75 proportion of trisomic 21:normal when first studied at 41/2 years. A similar t(12;21) has not previously been reported. The occurrence of an apparently normal cell line arising spontaneously is unique.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Trisomy 13 in a 4-year-old child.

The karyotype 47,XY,13+ was observed in a mentally retarded four-year-old child, with numerous abnormalities and the typical dermatoglyphics of a trisomy 13. Banding analysis showed a complete extra chromosome 13.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

Ring chromosome 4 and Wolf syndrome.

A 5-day-old male child presenting some features of Wolf syndrome is studied. The analysis of his karyotype by usual techniques showed a ring chromosome of B group. This chromosome was presnt in most of the cells examined. By GTG banding it was identified as a No.4 chromosome, the karyotype being: 46,XY,r(4),(p15 leads to q35). The analysis was completed by familial cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic studies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

The Cri du Chat syndrome: epidemiology, cytogenetics, and clinical features.

Data for 331 cri du chat cases, including 34 Danish probands, are reviewed. The incidence nad the prevalence among the mentally retarded population amounted to 1/45,000 and 1.5/1000, respectively. No striking association with prenatal events, parental ages, or birth order could be demonstrated. There was a significant excess of females. Parental translocations were present in slightly more than 10% of the families, while more rare cytogenetic aberrations (mosaicism, rings, and de novo translocations) accounted for less than 10% of all cases. The phenotypically relevant segment has been narrowed down to the midportion of the 5p15 band. Clinical, radiologic, and dermatoglyphic features are summarized and discussed, with special attention to the abnormal cry, which persists in many older probands, and to developmental abnormalities. No obvious correlation could be detected between clinical features and the localization of the deletion. No marker locus has yet been assigned to the short arm of chromosome 5. Treatment and prevention are briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The trisomy 4p syndrome: a case report.

Partial trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 4 is considered to be a rare chromosomal disorder. Its clinical and dermatoglyphic features tend to make it a clinically recognizable syndrome. This paper describes a 2 year-old female child with the characteristic findings of frontal bossing, deep-set eyes, broad nasal bridge giving the appearance of hypertelorism, wide nares, midfacial hypoplasia, large dysplastic ears, prognathism and various hand and foot malformations. Chromosomal studies showed her to be trisomic for the distal two-thirds of the short arm of number 4. The etiology of this chromosomal aberration in most instances is unknown, but may occur as a result of an unbalanced translocation in one of the parents as in the case reported here.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

The Aase syndrome. Case report and review of the literature.

A 5-month-old boy with congenital hypoplastic anaemia and triphalangeal thumbs, known as the Aase syndrome, is described. In addition he had unilateral cleft lip and palate and abnormal dermatoglyphics. Only ten cases have been reported previously; these are reviewed. This case is the third patient reported to have the Aase syndrome who also has a cleft lip. Bone marrow cultures failed to stimulate production of erythropoietic precursors.

Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital↗