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PubMed1988

Gastrointestinal and colonic segmental transit time evaluated by a single abdominal x-ray in healthy subjects and constipated patients.

Gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) and segmental colonic transit times were studied in 56 healthy subjects by repeated daily ingestion of 10 radiopaque markers followed by abdominal x-ray. A seven-day procedure including marker intake for 6 days and a single radiograph on day 7 was found to be a simple method to differentiate between rapid, normal and prolonged transit. Addition of 20 distinguishable markers on day 6 helped to describe transit profiles. Healthy women had longer GITT than men (median 2.4 and 1.9 days, respectively) measured as mean 50% excretion time for the ingested doses of markers. For comparisons with patients percentiles for transit were calculated. In constipated patients the 7-day method demonstrated prolonged GITT as well as transit dysfunction in separate colonic segments. The method seems convenient for clinical use in diagnostic as well as therapeutic studies of colonic transit.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A trial of bran and bran biscuits for constipation in mentally handicapped and psychogeriatric patients.

Six elderly psychiatric and 17 mentally handicapped individuals suffering from severe constipation received 3 week periods of treatment with 10 g unrefined bran, three bran biscuits, and Senokot syrup daily or three times weekly. There was no significant difference in the number of bowel movements or enemas or in the consistency of the motions. The results suggest that bran may be substituted for laxatives.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Influence of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on constipation in women.

A partially hydrolyzed guar gum preparation (PHGG, average molecular weight: 20,000), obtained as a water-soluble dietary fiber by digestion of guar gum with beta-D-endomannanase, was administered as a beverage (11 g a day, bid) to 15 constipated women for 3 weeks. Defecating frequency, pH, weight, moisture, and bacterial flora of the feces were investigated and compared with the control periods. Average total dietary fiber taken from food was 9.7 +/- 0.1 g/day during the experiment. PHGG caused an increase in the defecating frequency from 0.46 +/- 0.05 (frequency/day, M +/- SE) to 0.63 +/- 0.05. Fecal moisture significantly increased from 69.1% in the control period to 73.8% by ingestion of PHGG. Fecal moisture content also increased consistent with lowering the pH of feces (r = -0.478). The frequency of Lactobacillus spp. occurrence in feces significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared with the control period. These results clearly indicate that PHGG softens and improves the output of feces.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Slow transit constipation: a functional disorder becomes an enteric neuropathy.

Slow transit constipation has been traditionally considered and classified as a functional disorder. However, clinical and manometric evidence has been accumulating that suggests how most of the motility alterations in STC might be considered of neuropathic type. In addition, further investigations showed that subtle alterations of the enteric nervous system, not evident to conventional histological examination, may be present in these patients. In the present article we will discuss these evidences, and will try to put them in relation with the abnormal motor function of the large bowel documented in this pathological condition.

Colon↗
PubMed1992

Constipation: proposed natural laxative mixtures.

The treatment of constipation in the elderly is one of the most common problems encountered by the geriatric nurse practitioner (Aman, 1990; Brocklehurst, 1983; Shefts, 1984). Management of bowel habits with this age group is difficult, often resulting in mismanagement and the need for invasive measures, such as suppositories and enemas. Yet, it is possible bowel habits for these patients might be regulated by maintaining their dietary, dentition, and mobility requirements so that the use of invasive measures as well as associated product costs are minimized. A review of the literature revealed normal defecation ranges in frequency from three times a day to three times a week (Connel, 1965). As reported by Wright and Staats (1986), however, the "interval between bowel movements generally lengthens in debilitated older people."

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Dietary fibre and fluid in the control of constipation in a nursing home population.

A 12-month study showed that constipation in institutionalized elderly patients can be eliminated effectively and safely by the planned use of dietary fibre and a controlled fluid intake. The diet of a group of volunteer nursing home patients (average age, 83.5 years) was supplemented to provide a daily dietary fibre intake of 25 g per person. Aperient use was almost eliminated, bowel function improved, and there appeared to be no adverse effects on body weight, or on nutritional or mineral status.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Constipation in the elderly.

Constipation is a common concern in the elderly and accounts for significant expenditures on over-the-counter drugs. Although normal aging is not associated with abnormal bowel motility, pathologic and psychosocial conditions lead to increased symptoms in elderly patients. Careful clinical evaluation to eliminate serious conditions including colon neoplasia is important. Medical management with emphasis on fiber, bulk agents, fluid intake, and exercise, as well as appropriate use of laxatives is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Constipation.

Careful understanding of the multiple factors which play a role in constipation precedes successful treatment. A method is described which employs elimination of factors interfering with normal bowel function. Refraining of spontaneous defecation is described.

Cathartics↗
PubMed1999

[Motility diagnosis in chronic constipation].

Scintigraphy is generally considered as gold-standard for the diagnosis of delayed gastric emptying. The 13C-acetate and -octanoate breath tests represent an alternative to this method, which has been extensively validated. Gastric and small bowel manometry are very important tools for the research of motility disorders. In clinical practice, this method has only few indications. Sonographic measurement of gastric emptying is a useful procedure for the diagnosis of delayed gastric emptying, provided that the investigation is done by an experienced person. It is not clear so far, whether MRI is an alternative to the methods mentioned above. If delayed gastric emptying is excluded, the H2-lactulose breath test is a simple screening test for the disorders of small bowel transit. Colonic transit time can reliably be measured with radiopaque markers. Anorectal disorders are diagnosed by manometry and defecography. MRI-defecography gives additional information compared to the conventional defecography. These methods have an important role in the evaluation of chronic constipation. The rational combination of the displayed methods is the most appropriate way to approach the patients' problems.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Diagnostic evaluation of the rectum and pelvic floor in chronic constipation].

In outlet constipation an exact diagnostic evaluation is always necessary because of the different etiologies, multiple combinations in primary and secondary lesions and the number of therapeutic alternatives. Basic diagnostics start with the very important, structured evaluation of the patient's history, colorectal examination including inspection, palpation, procto-, recto-, sigmoidoscopy and anorectal manometry. Depending on the results of this primary evaluation the following methods are indicated: neurophysiologic evaluation (basic neurological examination, EMG, PNTML), defecography ev. including colon contrast enema and gastrointestinal transit time studies. If the complete problem could not be ruled out till that point, the following examinations might be helpful: dynamic pelvic floor MRI, anorectal endosonography, rectal motility studies, fecoflowmetry, colonoscopy, urological und gynecological examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Animal nutrition in veterinary medicine--an actual case: high incidence of constipation in calf rearing].

A high frequency of constipation was observed in calves with an average body weight of 150 kg. Eleven out of 200 animals died, at necropsy intestinal obstruction was identified due to agglomeration of stone like particles, identified as shell fragments of palm kernels. The calves were fed 3 kg maize silage, 1.5 kg of a commercial mixed feed, 0.5 kg soya meal, and 50 g of a mineral supplement. Hay was offered ad libitum, all animals had free access to drinking water. The composition of the mixed diet was estimated by microscopy and was completely different from the label as provided by the manufacturer. A palm kernel product with high amounts of stone shells was identified in a concentration of 25% of the mixed feed, confirming the findings in the necropsied calves. The pathogenesis of the obstruction seemed to be influenced by a concurrent infectious disease, which might have had negative effects on the gastro-intestinal motility.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

Hyperkinesis and chronic constipation.

A series of hyperkinetic children (Minimal Brain Dysfunction) is presented, who in part or whole responded to therapy for chronic constipation.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Forlax in the treatment of the constipation syndrome in children with combined digestive organ pathology].

Submitted in the paper are data on efficacy of the drug Forlax (Beaufour Ipsen, France) in the treatment of the constipation syndrome in those children presenting with associated pathology of the digestive system. The drug was found out to be effective in children, its therapeutic effect being recordable over one month in 76% of patients, which fact warrants further study of the curative potencies of the drug in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Histochemical changes in the rectal mucosa of diabetic patients with and without diarrhea or constipation.

Sixty-four diabetic patients, 35 with diarrhea, 15 with constipation and 14 without stool problems, and forty healthy subjects, were subjected to rectosigmoidoscopy. During rectosigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy specimens for histological and histochemical analysis were obtained. Histological findings of nonspecific colitis in 25 out of 64 diabetic patients were uniformly distributed among the three groups (p = 0.959). However, the finding was slightly more common in diabetic patients than in controls (eight out of 40 control subjects, p = 0.043). A positive PAS reaction was observed in 30 out of 64 diabetic patients and was also uniformly distributed among the three groups (p = 0.508), but was significantly more common among diabetic patients than controls (three out of 40, p < 0.001). A positive reaction to cholesterol was found in 46 out of 64 diabetic patients, also uniformly distributed among the three groups (p = 0.773). It was significantly more common in diabetic patients than in controls (nine out of 40, p < 0.001). Reactions of the rectal mucosa histological specimens to glycogen and triglycerides were negative, both in diabetic patients and in controls. In conclusion, it appears that stool problems among our diabetic patients were not related to the positivity of PAS or to the positive cholesterol reaction in the rectal mucosa histological specimens. Since positive findings of both reactions were more common in specimens taken from diabetic patients than in controls, positive reactions might be related to metabolic disturbances in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Need of the ideal drug for the treatment of chronic constipation.

Bulking agents are not always effective and are not well tolerated by many patients. Non-bulking laxatives are not devoid of side-effects. A satisfactory treatment for functional constipation is not yet available and an ideal drug to efficiently treat these patients is needed. Unlike commonly used laxatives, low doses of polyethylene glycol solutions have few side-effects and appear to be beneficial to the patients.

Cathartics↗
PubMed1999

Clinical subgroups of chronic constipation: exploring the potential of polyethylene glycol.

This brief review has explored the rationale for therapy of polyethylene glycol electrolyte solutions in subgroups of patients with chronic constipation. There appears to be a good rationale for their use in patients with colonic inertia or those with extrinsic denervation. However, first-line therapies such as dietary fibre and bulking agents should be tried initially prior to resorting to osmotic agents such as polyethylene glycol electrolyte solutions.

Cathartics↗
PubMed1999

Use of polyethylene glycol solution in slow transit constipation.

Patients with long-standing functional slow-transit constipation were treated with low daily doses of polyethylene glycol solutions. Bowel frequency, stool consistency and colonic transit time improved markedly during the treatment. No relevant side-effects were reported during the study period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Forlax in the treatment of chronic constipation of different origins].

The greatest benefit from forlax occurs in patients with constipation of various etiology. The highest effect was recordable in those patients with functional pathology of the intestinal tract who experienced increased frequency of their stools and alleviation of clinical manifestations of the illness to the greatest degree. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis normalization of stool was accompanied by a significant improvement in general condition and what is more, clinical manifestations of portal-systemic encephalopathy tended to be less pronounced. Relatively lower benefit from treatment with forlax occurred in those patients presenting with an appreciable decline in propulsive activity of the intestines against the background of severe diabetes mellitus. The therapy of these patients was supplemented with prokinetics in the belief that this measure will help in achieving stable normalization of stool.

Adolescent↗