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At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Interactions of black inner-city mothers with their newborn infants.

Interactions of 45 black inner-city mothers with their healthy full-term newborn infants were observed during a bottle-feeding on the third day after birth. An exhaustive catalog of some 100 mother and infant behaviors was used to describe objectively the interactions of mothers and infants. In addition to being observed with their mothers, infants were examined with the Rosenblith scale. The infants' birth weights, birth order, and sex and maternal medication were found to affect the infants' behaviors and/or the patterns of mother-infant interactions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

ARIANE: a mediation framework with health information sources.

OBJECTIVES: to design and implement mediators dedicated to access heterogeneous information sources in a homogeneous way. METHOD: processes translate a query into the syntax of a target source built thanks to the UMLS knowledge sources and a catalog of information sources. Communication services connect users with information sources at the point they deliver results. RESULTS: examples show the benefits healthcare professionals may found in searching information in this way. DISCUSSION: improvements on the current developments may be done according to the current architecture of ARIANE. Specially, the user interface should be easier to use than the present one.

Information Services↗
PubMed1996

[Fifty year's career of Chinese Journal of Medical History].

The Journal of Medical History, the antecedent of the now Chinese Journal of Medical History, was inaugurated in March 1947. This paper divides the whole course of publication and compilation of this Journal into 3 stages, namely, Stage of Initiation and Growth (1947-1948), Stage of Tortuous Progressing (1951-1959), Stage of Flourishing and developing (1980-). Altogether 25 volumes, 95 issues have been published in 953 millon Chinese characters and 1684 original articles. Being a highly effective major journal of medical history, this Journal satisfies nearly 40% of the information in this subject and has been indexed by major medical cataloging tool books, both domestic and foreign. Experience and prospects are also mentioned here.

China↗
PubMed1997

Research bibliography: a union list of publications from Michigan's mineral springs, mineral wells, and mineral baths.

Although no more than a few dozen mineral wells and springs existed in Michigan at any one time, since their discovery over 125 years ago nearly two hundred firms have operated watering places for the suffering in this state. The publications produced by this industry were collectively quite numerous, but scarcely a hundred or so examples of this genre can be located today. On those rare occasions when materials of this nature can be found in out-of-print book stores or antiquarian dealers'catalogs, it is not uncommon for the asking price to approach $100 per piece. Now that this union list has revealed how scarce and valuable these publication are, persons and institutions possessing such items should take precautions to ensure the security of their holdings.

Baths↗
PubMed1995

[The botanical work of Antonio Parra].

Our goal is to study the work carried out by the Cuban naturalist Antonio Parra between 1790-1792, that didn't limit to the making of herbariums and to the shipment of plants and seeds to Spain with the purpose of acclimatizing them to the Peninsula, but rather he fathomed in the composition of a catalog and a discourse on the means to naturalize in Spain the trees of the Habana.

Botany↗
PubMed1994

[The dedicated amateur].

This is the text of an inauguration lecture at Umeå Universitiy (a chair of the history of science and ideas). The lecture is based on a study of magazines like Populär Teknik (Popular Technology), popular science literature, handbooks for mechanical and electrical experimentation, mail-order catalogs etc. from 1920-50, and its theme is that amateurs and hobbyists interested in popular science, technology and "do-it-yourself" have played an important role in modern society. Here we find a world exclusively occupied by boys and men, where it is made a virtue of playing with technological toys, and where mechanical and electrical tinkering becomes a significant part of the construction of masculinity. But the activities of amateurs and hoppyists can also be seen as an important way of self-education where the boy may get in touch with the scientific and technological frontier of the time, and there are many examples (e.g. in early history of radio or personal computers) where amateurs invented and developed new technology. The spirit of amateurs and hobbyists can even contain elements of a modern civic ideal: don't become dependent upon professional experts, don't trust authorities or big business that want to control technology, trust yourself and your knowledge. In short: do it yourself.

Biotechnology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Federal and state efforts to improve care for infants and toddlers.

Can government help mothers and fathers manage their economic and parenting responsibilities? Should it try? This article examines how federal and state governments currently act as partners with the parents of four million babies who are born each year in the United States. Viewing public policy as a tool that expresses the priorities of society, this article summarizes the leading ways that policy touches the lives of infants and toddlers--from the tax code to mandates for family leave, to cash benefits and subsidies, to funding for direct service programs. Several conclusions emerge from this detailed catalog: Significant federal policies focus on the economics of family life, helping low-income families meet their children's basic physical needs and allowing affluent families to shelter income for their children's benefit. Far less policy attention addresses the challenges that parents face as caregivers trying to ensure that their infants are safe, nurtured, and encouraged each day. Child care, despite its importance for children's development, is seen by policymakers primarily as a service that enables parents to work. Opportunities to promote child development through high-quality care, therefore, go untapped. Some states have creatively combined federal and state resources to provide new services for infants and caregivers, expand successful programs, and build linkages across programs and agencies. The author stresses the importance of maximizing the benefits of current federal policies that reduce the harm of child poverty, and urges policymakers to embed a developmental perspective in new state and federal programs and policies that touch the lives of infants, toddlers, and their families.

Child Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selectivity of intramuscular stimulating electrodes in the lower limbs.

Intramuscular (IM) electrodes have been used safely and effectively for decades to activate paralyzed muscles in neuroprosthetic systems employing functional electrical stimulation (FES). However, the response to stimulation delivered by these and any type of electrode can be limited by a phenomenon known as spillover, in which the stimulus intended to produce a contraction in a particular muscle inadvertently activates another muscle, causes adverse sensation, or triggers undesired reflexes. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the selectivity of monopolar intramuscular stimulating electrodes implanted in the lower limbs of individuals with motor and sensory complete paraplegia secondary to spinal cord injury (SCI) and to catalog the most common electrode spillover patterns. The performance records of 602 electrodes from 10 subjects who participated in a program of standing and walking with FES in our laboratory over the past decade were examined. Sixty percent (358) of these electrodes were "stable" (i.e., stimulated responses were consistent during the first 6 months postimplant), and 32% of all stable electrodes (113) exhibited spillover as noted in clinical and laboratory records. Common spillover patterns for eight muscle groups were tabulated and analyzed in terms of their functional implications. The beneficial (activation of synergistic muscles) or deleterious (activation of compromising reflexes, antagonists, or adverse sensation) effects of spillover were highly context dependent, with several potentially useful spillover patterns in certain phases of gait becoming undesirable and limiting in others. Knowledge of the selectivity of intramuscular electrodes and the patterns of spillover they exhibit should guide surgeons and rehabilitationists installing lower-limb neuroprostheses during the implantation process and allow them to better predict the ultimate functional usefulness of the electrodes they choose.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed2001

[Polymorphism of hordeins in Ethiopian barley].

Using starch gel electrophoresis, polymorphism of hordein-encoding loci Hrd A, Hrd B, and Hrd F was studied in 147 accessions of local Ethiopian barley varieties. Loci Hrd A, Hrd B, and Hrd F were shown to have 26, 36, and 4 alleles, respectively. The allele frequencies in the collection examined varied from 0.17 to 45.72%. For loci Hrd A and Hrd B, families of blocks of hordein components were found. Based on the allele frequencies and their combinations at loci Hrd A and Hrd B as well as the numbers of families of component blocks in hordeins A and B, we identified genotypes that could be considered as the most ancient in Ethiopia. A catalog of hordein variant encoded by these loci was created. The list of hordein genetic formulas for the studied accessions is presented.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

[CK20 expression in the gastrointestinal tract of the embryo and fetus].

A novel type of cytokeratin, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), was added in 1990 to the classic catalog of human cytokeratins, a heterogeneous group of proteins present in almost all epithelia. In man, the expression of CK20 is almost entirely confined to the gastro-intestinal epithelium, to the urothelium and to Merkel cells. Since only few data are available regarding the expression of CK20 in the developing human intestinal mucosa, we studied CK20 immunoreactivity in fetal and neonatal human gut. Immunoreactivity for CK20 was tested in fetuses and newborns, from the twelfth up to the fortieth week of gestation. In each subject, a specimen from the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, appendix was studied. Tissue samples were routinely processed and paraffin sections were stained with the CK20-specific antibody IT-Ks 20.8. CK20 immunoreactivity was absent in the oesophageal epithelium and it was unevenly distributed in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Three main patterns of immunoreactivity were observed during normal development: the first, found in the stomach and in the small bowel, is characterized by a progressive increase in CK20 expression during gestation; the second pattern, found in the duodenum, shows a progressive decrease in CK20 expression during gestation; in colon and appendix (third pattern), we did not find significant changes in the degree of immunoreactivity for CK20 during gestation. CK20 is unevenly expressed in developing human intestinal mucosa. The degree of positivity for CK20 appears to be related to the epithelial maturation stage only in gastric and small bowel mucosa. Further studies are needed to verify if the uneven CK20 immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract persists even in adulthood.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2002

Genomic structure and assessment of the retinally expressed RFamide-related peptide gene in dominant cystoid macular dystrophy.

PURPOSE: Computer-assisted sampling of EST data contained within the UniGene human sequences collection is being used to establish a catalog of novel genes that are expressed exclusively or predominantly in the human retina. This provides a valuable source for candidate genes possibly involved in retinal degeneration. In this report we present the characterization of the C7orf9 gene locus encoding RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs) and its evaluation in dominant cystoid macular dystrophy (CYMD). METHODS: Bioinformatics and cDNA library screening were used to isolate the full-length cDNA sequence and to determine the genomic organization of C7orf9. Expression profiling was done by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis. C7orf9 was evaluated as a candidate gene for CYMD by DNA sequencing and Southern blot analysis in two affected individuals from an extended Dutch CYMD family. RESULTS: The C7orf9 cDNA transcript consists of 1190 bp and is organized into 3 exons on the short arm of chromosome 7 within the critical region for CYMD. The transcript is specifically expressed in the retina but not in a large range of other human tissues. No disease-causing mutations or larger gene rearrangements were found. CONCLUSIONS: We provide the genomic organization of the RFamide-related peptide gene, C7orf9, which encodes a precursor protein for at least two small neuropeptides, referred to as NPSF (alias RFRP-1) and NPVF (alias RFRP-3) and show that it is abundantly expressed in the human retina. Results of our comprehensive mutation analysis suggests that C7orf9 is not the CYMD gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Grouping and identification of sequence tags (GRIST): bioinformatics tools for the NEIBank database.

NEIBank is a project to develop and organize genomics and bioinformatics resources for the eye. As part of this effort, tools have been developed for bioinformatics analysis and web based display of data from expressed sequence tag (EST) analyses. EST sequences are identified and formed into groups or clusters representing related transcripts from the same gene. This is carried out by a rules-based procedure called GRIST (GRouping and Identification of Sequence Tags) that uses sequence match parameters derived from BLAST programs. Linked procedures are used to eliminate non-mRNA contaminants. All data are assembled in a relational database and assembled for display as web pages with annotations and links to other informatics resources. Genome projects generate huge amounts of data that need to be classified and organized to become easily accessible to the research community. GRIST provides a useful tool for assembling and displaying the results of EST analyses. The NEIBank web site contains a growing set of pages cataloging the known transcriptional repertoire of eye tissues, derived from new NEIBank cDNA libraries and from eye-related data deposited in the dbEST section of GenBank.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research, CME, media relations boost diabetes center's profile.

For Boston's Joslin Diabetes Center, media relations rather than formal advertising is the key to a high-profile image. The communications office targets newspaper, magazine and TV reporters and editors with public service announcements and news about research and clinical care advances. Other successful tools include a high-end quarterly magazine, a fact-filled information kit, disease-specific support programs and a catalog of educational materials.

Advertising↗
PubMed2002

[IRE_FINDER-computational search of iron response element in human and mouse UTRs].

The iron response element (IRE) is a highly conserved RNA stem loop structure. It is the binding site of iron regulatory protein (IRP). IRP binding to IRE is regulated by cellular iron. When cells are derived of iron, IRP binds IRE. If IRE is located at 5'UTR, IRP binding will inhibit translation initiation, else if IRE is at 3'UTR, IRP binding will stabilize mRNA and prevent it from degradation. So far all known IREs have C at the 1 position and G at the 5 position of the loop (C1G5 type). In vitro studies suggest that the U1A5 type IRE, which has U and A at the 1 and 5 loop position respectively, binds well to IRP. However, U1A5 type's in vivo existence is still elusive. IRE-IRP binding is involved in the regulation of iron metabolism, oxidative stress and possibly aging. Here we use an improved computation method performing a comprehensive search of IRE in human and mouse genes. We try to catalog potential human and mouse IRE containing genes, at the same time identify potential U1A5 IREs.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2003

SNPs and haplotypes: genetic markers for disease and drug response (review).

The genetic make-up of an individual not only determines disease susceptibility but also response to drug treatment. It is because of this reason tremendous progress has recently been made in cataloging human sequence variations with an intention such that a high-density map will provide necessary tools to develop genetic-based diagnostic and therapeutic options. The availability of the human DNA sequence, its variation between individuals and the functional understanding of genetic determinants between individuals may enable pharmaceutical companies to discover safer and effective drugs. This will provide physicians with better tools to select the most appropriate treatment for each patient and avoid drugs that cause adverse effects. When a personalized medication becomes a more realistic and beneficial treatment, every newborn child in the neonatal unit will probably be genotyped as a routine procedure for improved treatment. This newly developed toxicogenomic or pharmacogenomic field is rapidly advancing and may change the practice of medicine in the future, providing personalized medicine for each individual.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Clinical aspects of gastrointestinal food allergy in childhood.

Gastrointestinal food allergies are a spectrum of disorders that result from adverse immune responses to dietary antigens. The named disorders include immediate gastrointestinal hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis), oral allergy syndrome, allergic eosinophilic esophagitis, gastritis, and gastroenterocolitis; dietary protein enterocolitis, proctitis, and enteropathy; and celiac disease. Additional disorders sometimes attributed to food allergy include colic, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation. The pediatrician faces several challenges in dealing with these disorders because diagnosis requires differentiating allergic disorders from many other causes of similar symptoms, and therapy requires identification of causal foods, application of therapeutic diets and/or medications, and monitoring for resolution of these disorders. This review catalogs the spectrum of gastrointestinal food allergies that affect children and provides a framework for a rational approach to diagnosis and management.

Child↗
PubMed2003

[Surgical management of benign pharyngo-esophageal stenosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the methods and outcome of surgical management for pharyngo-esophageal stenosis. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with pharyngo-esophageal stenosis from January 1983 to June 2001 were reviewed. Among 27 cases, there were 12 cases accompanied with laryngeal stenosis and one case accompanied with tracheal stenosis. In terms of etiological factor, all patients were cataloged into two groups, i.e. 25 cases with chemo-causis and 2 cases with trauma. The repair methods included colon interposition in 20 patients, free jejunum transplantation in 6 patients and pectoralis major muculocutaneous flap in 1 patient. In total 12 cases of laryngeal stenosis, sternohyoid myofascial flap was applied in 8 cases, and sternohyoid myofascial flap and epiglottis were applied in 4 cases. RESULTS: Swallow function recovered in 25 cases and failed in 2 cases. Laryngeal function recovered totally in 10 patients and partially in 2 patients with laryngeal stenosis. The patient with tracheal stenosis recovered and decannulated. CONCLUSION: According to the foci of pharyngo-esophageal stenosis, the colon interposition, the free jejunum transplantation and the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap can be applied respectively to restore normal physiological function.

Adolescent↗