Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Alcoholic Intoxication”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Baclofen and AII 3-7 on learning and memory processes in rats chronically treated with ethanol.

The aim of this study was to determine the possible influence of baclofen, an agonist of the GABA(B) receptor on behavioral activity (recall, acquisition of conditioned reflexes) of angiotensin II fragment 3-7 (AII 3-7) in rats chronically treated with ethanol. Long-term (9 weeks) ethanol intoxication profoundly impaired learning and memory processes in all tests used. The GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen (0.75 mg/kg i.p.) did not influence exploratory and motor activity in the control rats, but we observed a tendency (without significance) to decrease the psychomotor activity in the alcohol-intoxicated groups of animals, when it was injected together with AII 3-7 (2 microg i.c.v.). Baclofen did not influence the retrieval process in the passive avoidance recall, and when it was given together with AII 3-7 did not change the positive action of this fragment in control groups, but significantly enhanced its action in the animals chronically treated with ethanol. Baclofen showed significant improvement of acquisition in the active avoidance test only in the alcohol-intoxicated groups. Baclofen, injected together with AII 3-7, yielded important attenuation action of AII 3-7 in the control groups in the first 3 days of test, but did not produce any changes during the fourth and fifth day of the experiment. Baclofen did not provoke any changes in activity of AII 3-7 (when it was injected together) in the acquisition of the active avoidance test in the alcohol-intoxicated groups of animals.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Fetal and infantile alcohol-mediated associative learning in the rat.

BACKGROUND: Infant rats express conditioned responses to an odor experienced prenatally as a chemosensory cue associated with moderate alcohol intoxication. This study examined postnatal intake of a chemosensory cue (cineole) that had been paired with alcohol's unconditioned effects. It also tested the interaction between prenatal association and postnatal conditioning with cineole and alcohol. METHODS: Pregnant female rats intubated with cineole were given ethanol (EtOH).25 or 4.0 hr later. Other groups received only water or water paired with ethanol. During postnatal day 15 (PD15), infant consumption of cineole solution was assessed. After the cineole drinking test, pups were intubated with EtOH or water to assess infant conditioning. On PD16, all pups were tested for mouthing to milk alone or to a milk-cineole solution. RESULTS: Statistical analysis confirmed fetal associative conditioning attributable to the unconditioned effects of prenatal alcohol. Fetuses given explicit pairings of cineole and alcohol ingested less cineole on PD15 than control fetuses given a 4-hr interval between cineole and alcohol. On PD16, consumption of cineole was significantly increased by prenatal exposure to cineole. Teratogenic effects of this dose of prenatal alcohol did not affect postnatal associative or nonassociative behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal associative learning can be established through temporal contiguity between fetal chemosensory stimulation and alcohol's unconditioned properties. This associative memory survives to infancy and modulates intake patterns and behavioral reactivity to substances that were prenatally paired with alcohol intoxication.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1994

[Uniform processing of sensory-motor information and match/mismatch process impairment in man caused by chronic palm alcohol consumption].

The late components of the event-related potential (ERP) were recorded during a Go/No-Go task from 21 alcoholics (with chronic palm alcohol intoxication) divided in 3 groups of seven (abstinent alcoholics men, abstinent alcoholic women, and alcoholic men) and 14 normal adult volunteers divided into 2 groups (control men, and control women). The subjects were submitted to paired auditory stimuli and were assigned to detect and respond by pressing a push button to a rarely occurring imperative stimulus (20%). Latency of the late components of the ERP elicited both by target and standard imperative stimuli was significantly delayed in three alcoholic groups compared to the controls. The amplitude of P200 and P300 components was also decreased in alcoholics, which displayed the same middle line scalp distribution of P300 amplitudes regardless of the imperative stimulus class: target or standard. These findings agree with the supposition that match/mismatch processes are impaired in subjects with chronic palm alcohol intoxication, and that they have difficulties in evaluating the significance of stimuli.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Pathologicoanatomic diagnosis of alcoholism].

Using their own and literature data the authors describe morphological alterations of the brain, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, pancreas and kidneys with the aim of the pathology diagnosis of chronic alcoholism and other types of alcoholic intoxication. The approximate diagnoses in various types of alcoholic intoxication are given as well as some rules of the pathology diagnosis coding.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Poisoning by disinfectants in the conservative treatment of 2 patients with omphalocele].

Two patients with complications of conservative omphalocele-treatment are described. A mercury-intoxication and an alcohol-intoxication were seen, respectively. It is concluded that generally a surgical treatment regimen is preferable, if the cele is not too large. When it is not possible to perform surgical treatment, alcohol application probably is the safest method. Dosage and frequency of application should be as limited as possible.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1988

Heavy drinking and accidents--a prospective study among men of working age.

The injuries of 438 consecutive men of working age (20-64 years) were investigated. These patients were admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of the Helsinki University Central Hospital. The MAST interview was used as the criterion for heavy drinking. Of the whole series 27.4 per cent met the heavy drinking criterion and in 36.4 per cent alcohol intoxication (AI) was present on admission. AI was more common in heavy drinkers (62 per cent) compared with the controls (23 per cent) (chi 2 test, P less than 0.001). S-GGT was elevated in 34 per cent of the heavy drinkers. Elevated levels of S-GGT among heavy drinkers also correlated with postoperative complications. The hospital stay of the heavy drinkers compared with the controls was statistically significantly longer (10.7 days versus 7.3 days). Although the proportion of alcohol intoxication among heavy drinkers was high, of the heavy drinkers almost 40 per cent were sober on admission. Interviews, such as MAST are recommended for use routinely with injured patients to assess alcohol abuse 'through accidents'.

Accidents↗
PubMed1997

Alcohol and house fire fatalities in Scotland, 1980-1990.

The association between house fire fatalities and high blood-alcohol concentrations has been recognized as a particular problem in Scotland. Alcohol intoxication increases the risk of the outbreak of fire and decreases the intoxicated individual's ability to effect an escape. This survey investigates the reported blood-alcohol concentrations from all Scottish fire fatalities during the 11-year period 1980-90 and analyses the data by age, sex, year and geographical location. Alcohol intoxication in fires is shown both to be a national problem and one relevant to females as well as males. Fire prevention campaigns must continue to emphasize the risk of consuming excessive quantities of alcohol in the home whilst parallel efforts to reduce the objective risk should be encouraged.

Accidents↗
PubMed1995

Changes of G-protein levels in platelet membranes from alcoholics during short-term and long-term abstinence.

The levels of G alpha i2-protein and the G beta gamma-heterodimer were measured in platelet membranes of non-alcoholics, non-alcoholics after an ethanol load (1 g/kg body weight) and of alcoholics under various conditions. The findings were correlated with the activation of the adenylyl cyclase (AC) by various agents. The activation of AC was facilitated by acute ingestion of ethanol. This could not be explained by changes of the G-proteins determined because the levels of the G alpha i2-protein increased, whereas those of the G beta gamma-proteins remained in the control range. The alcoholics were divided into two groups on the day of admission: those with ethanol still present in the blood (intoxicated alcoholics) and those acutely withdrawn within the last 48 h (ethanol absent from the blood). The intoxicated alcoholics had elevated G alpha i2-protein levels in contrast to the acutely withdrawn patients, who did not. This observation suggests rapid changes of the G-protein levels. By analysing the inhibitory efficacy of the G-proteins on AC, it was found that the concentration of the G beta gamma-heterodimer, but not that of the G alpha i2-proteins, correlated with the inhibitory efficacy. The basal activity of the AC was reduced as well as the activation by some compounds. Eight days later (short-term withdrawal) both the levels of G alpha i2 and G beta gamma were elevated. Again, the inhibitory efficacy of the G-proteins correlated with the G beta gamma-heterodimer levels but not with those of the G alpha i2-protein. Furthermore, the changes of the G beta gamma-protein levels between the first and the eighth day correlated with the changes of the inhibiting efficacy. Only a trend was observed with respect to a lowered basal activity if compared with the intoxicated non-alcoholics. The activation of AC by guanylylimidyldiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] and Gpp(NH)p + ethanol (200 mM in vitro) was still reduced. Observations after 3 and 6 months of abstinence demonstrated elevated G alpha i2- and G beta gamma-protein levels. This suggests residual marker properties of the G-proteins whereby the activity of AC was normal. Only the reduced stimulation by Gpp(NH)p + ethanol in vitro (200 mM), compared with the respective stimulation of AC of intoxicated non-alcoholics, suggested some residual disturbances of the signal transduction during long-term abstinence.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed2004

Upregulation of glutamate receptor subtypes during alcohol withdrawal in rats.

AIMS: To investigate glutamate receptor subtypes during alcohol withdrawal. METHODS: Rats were exposed to severe alcohol intoxication for 84 h and then decapitated at 0, 12 and 36 h after the last alcohol dose (n = 7 per group). Alcohol was administered five times a day by intragastric intubation. The densities of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and 2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors were studied in membranes from the forebrain by using the specific ligands [3H]MK-801 and [3H]AMPA, respectively. RESULTS: Although no change in the maximal density (B(max)) of [3H]MK-801 binding sites was observed at the time of withdrawal, [3H]MK-801 binding was increased by 49% 12 h into the withdrawal reaction compared with the control group. At 36 h post alcohol the B(max) of the [3H]MK-801 binding was still increased by 24% compared with the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. When investigated at the time of withdrawal from chronic alcohol intoxication, no significant alterations in the B(max) of the [3H]AMPA binding was detected, but 12 h into the withdrawal reaction the [3H]AMPA binding was markedly increased by 94%. At 36 h post alcohol the [3H]AMPA binding had returned to control levels. No significant alterations in the dissociation constant (K(D)) of either [3H]MK-801 or [3H]AMPA binding was observed at any time point. CONCLUSIONS: NMDA and AMPA receptors are involved in the cerebral hyperactivity of alcohol withdrawal.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1975

[Effects of alcohol on the blood].

Acute alcohol intoxication, particularly in chronic alcohol abusers, leads to qualitative and quantitative changes in all three hemopoietic systems. In addition to a hemolytic effect through various possible mechanisms, functional abnormalities of granulocytes, immunocytes and marcophages and qualitative anomalies of platelets, alcohol exerts a toxic effect on cell production which cannot, or can only partially, be prevented by correction of the frequently demonstrable folic acid deficiency.

Acanthocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serum levels of lipid peroxides in alcoholics].

Serum lipid peroxidases (LPx) concentration was assayed in the following groups: 25 patients with diagnosis of acute alcohol intoxication, 20 patients during alcohol abstinence and 30 healthy control individuals. In 25 patients the assessments were carried out twice: before and on the 3-7 day of detoxification. The serum LPx had been significantly higher in all patients during the acute intoxication period (4.33 +/- 0.20 nmol/l; p less than 0.01). In 38% of them the LPx concentration was falling down after detoxication. There were no difference in LPx concentration between the group of abstinents and the healthy controls. The results point to dependence between clinical state of alcoholics and serum LPx level.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Self-induced water intoxication and alcohol abuse.

According to Feighner criteria, alcohol abuse was significantly more common among 17 schizophrenic male inpatients with self-induced water intoxication than among 17 matched schizophrenic control inpatients. The alcohol abuse had begun 8-22 years before the diagnosis of water intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Benzodiazepine antagonist (RO 15-1788) in ethanol intoxication: a pilot study.

In 1983, we reported on the excellent efficacy of the benzodiazepine antagonist RO 15-1788 in cases of acute intoxication with diazepam in intensive care medicine. Upon observing a positive effect in a patient who had taken alcohol as well as diazepam a study aiming at establishing the beneficial effect of RO 15-1788 in alcoholic intoxication was started. In the meantime, we discovered a significant amelioration of the cerebral disturbance in patients suffering from hepatic coma by the same benzodiazepine antagonist. The preliminary results of a multicenter study reflecting the beneficial effect of RO 15-1788 in cases of alcohol intoxication will be presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol use and burn injury.

Charts of 108 consecutive adult patients with flame burns of 20% to 70% total body surface area were reviewed to determine the incidence of acute alcohol intoxication and the likelihood that intoxicated patients were chronic alcohol abusers, to assess morbidity and mortality in the alcoholic patient with burns, and to characterize the intervention used in postdischarge treatment of the alcoholic patient with burns who survives. Twenty-seven percent of patients were acutely intoxicated at the time of injury. Evidence for chronic alcohol abuse was apparent in 90% of intoxicated patients, compared to only 11% of nonintoxicated patients (p = 0.0001). Alcoholic patients with burns not only had an overall mortality rate three times that of nonalcoholics (p = 0.001) but also died of smaller burns (p less than 0.05). Surviving alcoholic patients with burns required significantly more intravenous antibiotics and a longer hospitalization. Social service evaluation of use of alcohol was made in 84% of the cases of surviving intoxicated burn victims. Further intervention was undertaken in two thirds of these cases, usually involving an outpatient treatment program.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Alcohol and accidents. A prospective study in a casualty department.

This study examines the incidence of alcohol-related accidents among trauma patients of working age (15-64 years). The study was made during a one-week period in the Casualty Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Helsinki University Central Hospital in Finland. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time of their admission. The state of alcohol intoxication was determined in Group I using a breath alcohol analyzer (alcometer) and in Group II using both alcometer and blood alcohol concentration (BAC). The frequency of alcohol-related accidents in the whole material was 32.8% (Group I 12.4% and Group II 44.5%). Four-fifths of the patients were man. A high correlation (r = 0.93) was found between alcometer and BAC. In Group II there were intoxication levels of 3% or more (mean 3.6%) in 5.7% of all patients. This is a large number of cases of heavy alcohol intoxication and we propose to take the BAC of all patients having alcometer 3% or more in order to get as accurate a diagnosis of alcohol intoxication as possible. Fights and assaults were most frequently related to the alcohol intoxication cases.

Accidents↗
PubMed2001

Ethanol abuse and the trauma patient.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol intoxication has long been associated with an increased risk of injury from a number of mechanisms and with trauma recidivism. It is less certain whether alcohol abuse is associated with worse outcomes for a given degree of injury. METHODS: Review of the pertinent English-language literature. RESULTS: The vasodilator effects of alcohol may hamper fluid resuscitation, especially in head-injured patients. Acute and chronic alcohol intoxication both have substantial effects on the cellular and molecular responses necessary to fight infection. High alcohol concentrations exert an immunosuppressive effect on production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1. However, the clinical effects of the immunosuppression are variable and difficult to discern in heterogeneous trauma patient populations with variable degrees of intoxication. CONCLUSION: Alcohol has a profound impact on the epidemiology of injury, but the physiology and biochemical effects in an individual patient may be difficult to predict. Identification of intoxicated persons is essential, despite economic disincentives to do so, because even brief targeted intervention programs can decrease substantially the patient's risk of subsequent injury.

Alcohol-Related Disorders↗