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At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Low-dose and high-dose acetylsalicylic acid, with and without dipyridamole: a review of clinical trial results.

Publication of the results of the second European Stroke Prevention Study (ESPS-2) provided the incentive for an update of the meta-analyses of aspirin and dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of stroke. After review of published randomized trials of prolonged treatment with aspirin, dipyridamole, or their combination in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), data on the occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death were used to calculate overall relative risk reductions. The relative risk reduction for aspirin versus placebo was 13%. The same relative risk reduction was found in separate meta-analyses of trials with high (1,000-1,500 mg), medium (250-500 mg), and low (50-100 mg) doses of aspirin. Trials in which different doses were compared showed no difference in the occurrence of vascular events. The addition of dipyridamole to low-dose aspirin further reduced the risk for vascular events by 15%. We conclude from current trials that low-dose aspirin alone reduced the risk of vascular events in patients with prior stroke or TIA by 13%. There is no evidence of a dose-effect relationship. An additional reduction of the risk by 15% can be obtained by adding dipyridamole to aspirin. The overall evidence for the relative effects of the combination of dipyridamole and aspirin versus aspirin alone or placebo is highly consistent. The clinical evidence now favors the two agents in combination over aspirin alone.

Aspirin↗
PubMed2004

Acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, and lornoxicam, but not rofecoxib, affect platelet CD 62 expression.

UNLABELLED: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are routinely administered in the perioperative period. Because of the absence of cyclooxygenase-2 in platelets, cyclooxygenase-2-selective drugs are thought not to cause platelet inhibition. Because platelets play an important role in the coagulation process, the absence of platelet function inhibition may lead to fewer bleeding complications after surgery. We studied the influence of aspirin, diclofenac, lornoxicam, and rofecoxib on arachidonic acid and collagen-induced CD 62 P (P selectin) expression by using flow cytometry. Blood from 68 volunteers was obtained before and 1, 3, and 12 h after the oral ingestion of 1 of the randomly assigned study medications. Aspirin, diclofenac, and lornoxicam had a significant effect on arachidonic acid and collagen-induced CD 62 P expression in platelets, whereas rofecoxib did not show this effect. We conclude that rofecoxib is safe to use perioperatively with respect to inhibition of platelet function. IMPLICATIONS: We compared the effect of rofecoxib and three nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on platelet function, measured by CD 62 P expression. Platelet function was not altered by rofecoxib, but it was inhibited by aspirin, diclofenac, and lornoxicam. Rofecoxib may be safer than classic NSAIDs with respect to platelet function during the perioperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Development of spherical crystals of acetylsalicylic acid for direct tablet-making.

The production of spherical crystals has recently gained great attention due to the fact that the crystal habit (form, surface, size, etc.) can be modified during the crystallization process. Spherical crystals of ASA were developed by non-typical and typical spherical crystallization techniques. The non-typical spherical crystallization process (conventional stirred tank method) resulted in few monocrystals and non-spherical crystal agglomerates. The typical spherical crystallization process was carried out by the three solvent-system (ethanol-water-carbon tetrachloride). The products were qualified by morphological study, NIR investigation, salicylic acid content, dissolution rate, studies on flowability, compactibility, cohesivity and tablettability. The results demonstrate that only typical spherical crystallization can be recommended for the production of spherical crystals of ASA. Only product made by this technique shows excellent flow properties and favourable compactibility, cohesiveness and tablettability values.

Aspirin↗
PubMed2001

UV erythema reducing capacity of mizolastine compared to acetylsalicylic acid or both combined in comparison to indomethacin.

UV light exerts hazardous effects such as induction of skin cancer and premature skin aging. In this study we evaluated an assumptive anti-inflammatory effect of the nonsedative histamine H1-receptor antagonist, mizolastine, on UV-induced acute sunburn reaction. Therefore, a clinical, randomized, double-blind, four-arm, crossover study was conducted in healthy young female volunteers (skin type II) comparing the UV sensitivity under mizolastine, acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA), indomethacin or a mizolastine/ASA combination. Moreover, HaCaT keratinocytes were incubated with mizolastine under various UV treatment modalities in vitro to study its effect on the release of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). All three drugs were effective in suppressing the UVB-, UVA- and combined UVA/UVB-erythema. However, the strongest effects were observed using the combined treatment with both 250 mg ASA and 10 mg mizolastine. An inhibitory effect in vitro of 10 nM mizolastine upon UV-induced cytokine release from HaCaT keratinocytes was observed for IL-1 alpha at 24 h after 10 J/cm2 UVA1, for IL-6 at 48 h after 10 J/cm2 UVA1 and 30 mJ/cm2 UVB, and also for TNF-alpha at 4 h after 10 J/cm2 UVA, 10 J/cm2 UVA1 and 30 mJ/cm2 UVB, respectively. The combination of mizolastine and ASA can be strongly recommended as a protective measure against UV erythema development with a lower unwanted side effect profile than that of the hitherto treatment modality, i.e. indomethacin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) effects on behavioral thermoregulation with microwave radiation.

Aspirin is a widely used over-the-counter drug in our society which has wide therapeutic value, yet not all of the behavioral side effects have been studied. Different doses of aspirin solutions were administered (ip) prior to fixed-interval 2-min. schedules of microwave reinforcement in rats tested in a cold environment. Four Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 5-sec. exposures of MW reinforcement. Friedman's nonparametric test showed significant differences among aspirin and saline-control doses. Post hoc sign tests showed that a moderate dose of aspirin increased operant behavior reinforced by MW radiation, yet lower and higher doses decreased and then increased the rate of responding which resulted in an inverted U-shaped trend. Possible multiple effects of aspirin in terms of its thermoregulatory as well as its pain-tolerance properties, and implications for hypothalamic "set point" are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on speech discrimination.

Speech discrimination scores were obtained in quiet and against a background of competing noise for 5 persons both before and after they had ingested large doses of acetyl-salicylic acid (aspirin). The results indicate that for some persons, aspirin produces a substantial decrease in speech understanding in noise, even though there may not be a decrease in pure-tone sensitivity or speech discrimination in quiet.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on gastric mucosal content of energy-rich phosphate bond.

The mucosal content of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate in mini-pig corpus gland area and in pyloric gland area was examined after aspirin ingestion in acute experiments and after ingestion for several weeks. Ingestion of aspirin led to a statistically significant decrease of adenine nucleotide content in corpus gland and in pyloric gland area. An inverse correlation between the pH of the aspirin suspensions and the size of the decrease was established in the short-time experiments. In non-affected pyloric gland area mucosa and adenine nucleotide content was significantly lower than in the corpus gland area. Pyloric mucosa was more susceptible to aspirin-induced lowering of adenine nucleotide content than was the corpus mucosa. Prolonged aspirin ingestion led to statistically significant reductions of adenine nucleotide pool. The findings explain the decrease in mucous secretion and in acid secretion demonstrated in several studies. The finding of lower and more susceptible adenine nucleotide pool in the pyloric area might be the explanation for the preponderant occurrence of aspirin ulcerations in this region.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of three independent methods as estimates of platelet inhibition after a single dose of acetylsalicylic acid.

In order to assess the ability of three different (one in vivo, one ex vivo and one in vitro) methods to estimate platelet function, 10 healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of 160 mg ASA. Platelet function was assessed before, 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after dosing by urinary excretion of thromboxane B2, filtragometry and collagen-based whole blood aggregometry. Further, in order to study mechanisms for platelet aggregation in filtragometry, platelet activation was assessed by measurements of beta-thromboglobulin at three different places within the filtragometer test unit in another nine healthy subjects. Four hours after ASA, the aggregation time during filtragometry increased by 213 +/- 133% (p < 0.001) and was parallelled by a decrease in impedance 85 +/- 7% (p < 0.001) indicating an inhibition of platelet aggregability in both tests. A subsequent gradual recovery was observed with both methods. The excretion of thromboxane B2 followed the aggregability pattern being maximally reduced by 72 +/- 6% (p < 0.01) 24 h after ASA and then gradually recovering. All three methods indicated that platelet function was still decreased 72 h after dosing. The urinary excretion of prostacyclin did not change significantly. The results of filtragometry and impedance aggregometry correlated to the logarithm of thromboxane B2 excretion (r = 0.60; p < 0.01 and r = 0.49; p < 0.01, respectively) and to each other (r = 0.70; p < 0.001). In filtragometry beta-thromboglobulin increased significantly (p < 0.05) over the filter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aspirin↗