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PubMed1996

Why high levels of net migration present problems for unemployment and external debt stabilisation.

"Unemployment [in Australia] is affected by two factors: increases in the productivity of labour and increases in its supply. Both of these factors could, in principle, be offset by strong economic growth. But, if the economy grows fast enough to accommodate both productivity gains and the addition of migrants to the labour force, it will draw in more imports and the balance of trade will deteriorate. Economic growth of around two per cent per annum may be all that we can sustain without increasing our foreign debt. This level of economic growth is not enough to reduce unemployment in the face of any net immigration (or any growth in labour productivity)."

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diversity among hospice volunteers: a challenge for the development of a responsive volunteer program.

Voluntary organizations such as hospices are increasingly being called upon to substitute for state health and social welfare delivery at a time when volunteer contributions are threatened because of organizational and demographic changes. These changes include: the adoption by the nonprofit sector of market strategies in response to health and social welfare reforms, increases in the size and complexity of hospices, increasing professionalization of staff, and the move of women away from voluntary work in the health and welfare services to paid employment. With these changes, hospices must be knowledgeable about their volunteer workforce and resourceful if they are to continue to attract and retain volunteers. A survey of volunteers conducted at the Mary Potter Hospice, Wellington, New Zealand, examined differences in volunteers' characteristics, motivations for joining hospice, and factors affecting work satisfaction according to age, gender, and the length of time volunteers had worked. Those findings of particular relevance to program development were: (1) the tendency for the recently recruited volunteers to be in paid employment; (2) the mixed motivations of the younger volunteers, reflecting both altruistic and personal gain needs; and (3) the rewards commonly identified by volunteers, such as feeling their work is of value, being accepted by hospice staff, and feeling like important team members. Practical outcomes of the study are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Philippines and Indonesia: on the way to a migration transition.

"This paper, in a comparative analysis of the Philippines and Indonesia, examines first under what conditions can migration favorably contribute to the process of economic development and then to what extent can economic growth impact upon reducing emigration pressures in these labor surplus economies. The paper also argues that there is still considerable scope for putting in place [an] agreed set of rules and policies to ensure better protection for the more vulnerable migrants."

Asia↗
PubMed1982

The impact of emigration on national development in the Arab region: the case of the Yemen Arab Republic.

"The focus of this article is the impact of emigration on national development in labor sending countries experiencing wide-scale emigration, the main contention being that, due to the characteristics of contemporary labor movements among Arab countries, there obtains a contradiction between short term benefits and long term adverse effects. The article briefly defines development, then presents empirical evidence from the Yemen Arab Republic of the negative impact of labor emigration."

Asia↗
PubMed1984

Population movements and prospects for development in South Lebanon.

"This study aims at clarifying the relationship between population movements and planning for regional development in South Lebanon. It includes an account of these movements, their different paths and destinations and the causes that led to both voluntary and forced emigration from the South, which has suffered from the deterioration of its natural resources and lost a large proportion of its human resources. The study analyses the repercussions of these movements on the condition of the inhabitants of this region. It aims at focussing attention on the magnitude of the emigration phenomena with a view to arresting the trend and its ensuing dangers." Migration to foreign countries and to other parts of Lebanon is considered.

Asia↗
PubMed1990

Korean patterns of women's labor force participation during the period, 1960-1980.

"This article investigates how the patterns of Korean women's labor force participation have changed during the 1960s and the 1970s, [periods] of rapid economic development and social changes. The discussion focuses on the comparison of three sets of cross-sectional data derived from the 1960, 1970 and 1980 [Republic of Korea] censuses. Although not dramatic, the gross rates of women's labor force participation show an upward trend. A very high and rapidly increasing rate of rural women's labor force participation did not result in a big increase in the total rate because of the significant rise in the proportion of the population living in urban areas. However, the employment structure and patterns of women's labor force participation have changed significantly, especially in urban areas."

Asia↗
PubMed2004

Developing a central sterile surgical instrument technician program.

Many hospitals report high vacancy rates in their central sterile processing departments related to the lack of a workforce that is knowledgeable about instrument processing and medical terminology. Creating an education course that focused on the knowledge and skills necessary for success in this vocation provided a solution to this problem for one facility. Outcomes included a dramatic decrease in the number of vacancies in the central sterile processing department and an increase in community awareness of employment options available in perioperative services.

Alabama↗
PubMed2000

Education and training of healthcare staff: the barriers to its success.

On-going developments in Britain's healthcare services are placing great demands on its workforce. If high quality care is to be maintained, education and training is needed to provide staff with the necessary knowledge and skills to adapt to their changing roles. A recent research project looking at the education and training needs of non-specialist staff caring for people with cancer identified a number of barriers that prevent education and training from meeting its full potential. These barriers include time, accessibility, financial issues, staff motivation and marketing and advertising and are discussed in this paper together with some possible solutions to overcome them. It is concluded that the planning and development of education and training must address these barriers if it is to be successful in increasing the knowledge and skills of staff, and thereby improve the quality of patient care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Balancing flexibility for the employer and the employee: a case study of the development of annualized hours employment contracts.

As with many forms of flexible working, Annualized Hours (AH) systems offer potential benefits to both the employer and the employee. However, the flexibility requirements of employers and employees often conflict. Therefore, when a large food manufacturing organization decided to redesign its AH system, it employed an independent consultancy to act as neutral third party. The consultancy provided technical expertise and assistance in developing an AH system that optimised productivity and was acceptable to the workforce. Data are presented, obtained from focus groups conducted throughout the organization, describing some of the potential difficulties of implementing an AH system. Drawing upon these data, a number of new AH systems were proposed and modelled using specialist software tools. The design process is described, together with the advantages and difficulties associated with use of the software tools. It is concluded that the key elements in the process of designing AH systems are centred around issues of trust and communication; the involvement of a broad range of interested parties, through a process of carefully managed group facilitation; and the need for adequate technical support in the development and evaluation of AH systems.

Computer Simulation↗