Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “parameter identification”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources

The female orgasm: pelvic contractions.

Eleven nulliparous women manually self-stimulated to orgasm, each on three separate occasions. Pelvic contraction pressure was measured by an anal probe and a vaginal probe simultaneously. Near the perceived start of orgasm, a series of regular contractions began in nine of the women. Anal and vaginal contraction waveforms were synchronized with each other, and the same number of orgasmic contractions occurred in each lumen. Anal pressure had a higher resting baseline and greater amplitude contractions than vaginal pressure. The perceived start of orgasm did not correspond precisely with the onset of regular contractions. Mean intercontraction intervals increased linearly at an increment of about 0.1 second through the series of regular contractions. Amplitudes of contraction pressure waveforms, representing pelvic muscular force, were initially low, increased through the first half of the regular series, and then decreased. Area and net area of the pressure waveforms, reflecting pelvic muscular exertion (force x time), increased during the regular orgasmic contractions. Three of the women's orgasms consistently included only a series of regular contractions (orgasm type I). For six other women, orgasms consistently continued beyond the regular series with additional irregular contractions (orgasm type II). Types I and II had been identified previously in men. Two women had no regular contractions during reported orgasms. This pattern, type IV, had not been recorded in men. Women of different types showed marked differences in orgasm duration and number of contractions. Identification of these types in subjects is important for meaningful comparison of contraction parameters in different studies.

Adult↗

Highly scattering optical system identification via frequency response analysis of NIR-TRS spectra.

Frequency response analysis via pulse testing is often used for the characterization of engineering systems. Near infrared-time resolved spectroscopy (NIR-TRS) is a frequently used technique for the analysis of biological system properties. Since the TRS input is a very sharp photon pulse, a well designed TRS input pulse can produce a multi-frequency response over the useful frequency range for the system identification. This new approach for analyzing NIR-TRS provides new optical system parameters (e.g., magnitude ratio and phase shift at multi-frequencies, system time constant, system order, and steady state gain) that are not available by traditional TRS spectra analysis. In this paper, the basic theory of pulse reduction is introduced for the multi-modulation frequency response of TRS spectra. Homogeneous system response with various absorption and scattering properties were analyzed for the multi-system parameters. In heterogeneous systems, the position of the localized absorber is correlated with the multi-parameters, which can ultimately be used to enhance medical imaging.

Absorption↗

The role of aggregation kinetics in the sedimentation of erythtocytes.

The well-known S-shaped settling curves are obtained as solutions of an autonomic dynamical system deduced mathematically from the generalized Stokes formula, the blood volume conservation law, and the Smoluchowski theory of particle coagulation. Numerical computations and parametric analysis of the deduced two nonlinear differential equations for the plasma zone thickness and aggregate size are given. It is shown that the model presented makes it possible, on the basis of experimentally recorded sedimentation curves and aggregate size growth, to identify quantitatively the values of the essential physical parameters of the coupled processes of erythrocyte aggregation and sedimentation. This method of identification could be used as a diagnostic test in hematological laboratories.

Blood Sedimentation↗

Adaptive predictive control of dissolved oxygen concentration in a laboratory-scale bioreactor.

We present an algorithm for the adaptive control of dissolved oxygen concentration in a bioreactor, based on the agitation rate. The dynamics are represented by an incremental first-order model with variable dead-time and parameters. These are estimated on-line by a recursive least-squares identification method with a forgetting factor and a constant sensitivity. The model is employed to predict the behaviour of the dissolved oxygen concentration over a finite horizon, using an original method which requires little computation. Then, a Generalized Predictive Control optimisation strategy computes the agitation rate from the predictions and the desired set point, while gradually updating the controller smoothness. This algorithm, which requires little preliminary knowledge, has been implemented on a laboratory-scale fed-batch bioreactor for which the use of conventional controllers showed limited performance, due to the unpredictable and evolutive nature of the dynamics. The new controller proved to be robust and effective over a wide range of operating conditions, while requiring no operator adjustments.

Algorithms↗

Serum haemolytic complement activity and C3 levels in bovine trypanosomosis under natural conditions of challenge--early indications of individual susceptibility to disease.

Twenty-five Baoule (Bos taurus) and 12 Zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, which were part of an experiment aimed at characterizing cattle for resistance to trypanosomosis under natural challenge in Burkina Faso, were monitored for complement levels. Total haemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway and C3 in sera taken weekly were estimated. The results were analysed in relation to the course of the disease, parasitological data, packed red cell volume (PCV) and body weight. All the animals became infected with Trypanosoma vivax and/or T. congolense. The Zebu had to be treated with Berenil (Diminazene aceturate, Hoechst, W. Germany) after a mean period of 5 weeks of infection, whereas 7 of the 25 Baoule remained in good condition throughout the experiment. The remaining 18 Baoule required treatment after a variable period of infection. There was a decrease in haemolytic complement activity (HC') as well as in C3 levels, which coincided with the first detection of parasites in the blood. The titres in the Zebu fell to 10-20% of pre-infection level within 2-3 weeks and they showed no tendency towards regaining normal levels. The drop in complement in the Baoule was less pronounced and was in most cases followed by an increase approaching normal values. In these animals, the complement level in early infection was found to depend on the intensity of parasite load and on the control potential of each individual. There was a significant correlation between minimum complement activity (min. HC'), minimum C3 (min C3) and minimum PCV (min.PCV) in early infection. These three parameters correlated with individual resistance and might, therefore, be useful criteria for the identification of the most resistant individuals within a trypanotolerant breed.

Animals↗

4-Substituted-8-(1-phenyl-cyclohexyl)-2,8-diaza-spiro[4.5]decan-1-one as a novel class of highly selective GlyT1 inhibitors with superior pharmacological and pharmacokinetic parameters.

A novel class of 4-substituted-8-(1-phenyl-cyclohexyl)-2,8-diaza-spiro[4.5]decan-1-ones have been discovered and developed as potent and selective GlyT1 inhibitors. The molecules are devoid of activity at the GlyT2 isoform and display excellent selectivities against the mu opioid receptor as well as the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor. These molecules also exhibit superior pharmacological and pharmacokinetic parameters, relative to all GlyT1 inhibitors of the spiropiperidine family, culminating in the identification of 16b with an oral bioavailability of approximately 60%. In addition, a straightforward two-step procedure for the assembly of the target molecules is also presented.

Administration, Oral↗

Superimposition and projective transformation of 3D object.

Superimposition is an efficient method for evaluation of coincidence between a skull and a photo portrait. The principle of superimposition method lies in the projection of the skull into the face image. During the projection of an object with a perspective camera, the mapping of a three-dimensional object into a two-dimensional image takes place. The acquired images of the same object are more or less distorted due to various photographic conditions, due to extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of the camera. The distortions have important influence onto reliability of human identification by the superimposition method. Mathematically we can describe most of the distortions. On the basis of the description the divergences could be simulated and in some cases eliminated by geometric transformation of the compared images. We are presenting a mathematical model of the standard projective camera and the mathematical description of distortions which are important for the superimposition process. The results show the distortions and the elimination of the distortions by means of the projection model.

Cephalometry↗

Liquid biopsy-based detection of circulating and exfoliated cholangiocarcinoma tumor cells from blood and bile using heparan sulfate octasaccharides on integrated microfluidic systems.

Early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains challenging because existing diagnostic approaches often lack sufficient sensitivity for reliable detection of early-stage disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood and exfoliated tumor cells (ETCs) in bile represent valuable targets for liquid biopsy-based detection; however, their low abundance and the complexity of clinical sample analysis pose substantial technical challenges for reliable enrichment and identification. Herein, we present a reproducible workflow for isolating and identifying CCA tumor cells from blood for CTCs and bile for ETCs using synthetic cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS) octasaccharide-functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) on integrated microfluidic systems. The method combined sample pre-processing, magnetic bead-based enrichment, controlled low-shear mixing and immunofluorescence-based identification into a unified workflow compatible with distinct clinical sample types. Key operational parameters, including MB concentration, mixing frequency, and pressure settings, were detailed to facilitate consistent performance. Using this workflow, tumor cell capture rates of approximately 70% in bile (for ETCs) and blood (for CTCs) were achieved, with a total processing time of 60-90 min per sample under clinically relevant low-abundance conditions. The platform enables reliable detection of as few as 1 tumor cell per mL of blood or bile. This method provides a practical and adaptable strategy for glycosaminoglycan-mediated liquid biopsy applications and may be extended to other tumor-cell enrichment workflows involving heterogeneous cell-surface interactions.

Humans↗

Evaluation of Pulsincap to provide regional delivery of dofetilide to the human GI tract.

Pulsincap formulations designed to deliver a dose of drug following a 5-h delay were prepared to evaluate the capability of the formulation to deliver dofetilide to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. By the expected 5-h release time, the preparations were well dispersed throughout the GI tract, from stomach to colon. Plasma analysis permitted drug absorption to be determined as a function of GI tract site of release. Dofetilide is a well-absorbed drug, but showed a reduction in observed bioavailability when delivered from the Pulsincap formulations, particularly at more distal GI tract sites. Dispersion of the drug from the soluble excipient used in this prototype formulation relies on a passive diffusion mechanism and the relevance of this factor to the reduced extent and consistency of absorption from the colon is discussed. In these studies the effects of the degree of dispersion versus the site of dispersion could not be ascertained; nevertheless the scintigraphic analysis demonstrated good in vitro-in vivo correlation for time of release from Pulsincap preparations. The combination of scintigraphic and pharmacokinetic analysis permits identification of the site of drug release from the dosage form and pharmacokinetic parameters to be studied in man in a non-invasive manner.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗

Optimization of the beta-aminoester class of factor Xa inhibitors. Part 1: P(4) and side-chain modifications for improved in vitro potency.

A systematic modification of the C(3) side-chain of the beta-aminoester class of factor Xa inhibitors and a survey of P(4) variations is described. These changes have resulted in the identification of sub-nanomolar inhibitors with improved selectivity versus related proteases. Coagulation parameters (i.e., APTT doubling concentrations) are also improved.

Esters↗

Capillary zone electrophoresis of bile acids with indirect photometric detection.

Investigations in our laboratory have demonstrated that capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect photometric detection is a viable approach to the separation and identification of free bile acids along with their taurine and glycine derivatives. Various parameters such as pH, organic solvent concentrations, column temperature, and type of chromophore electrolyte were investigated to optimize the electrophoretic separation and to maximize the peak capacity. The quality of separation of bile acids can be dramatically improved by incorporating gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) in the running electrolyte. This improvement in resolution is accompanied by a decreased migration time, suggestive of an increase in association of gamma-CD with bile acids. As a result, a CZE separation of all 15 bile acids was possible in approximately 30 min using 5 mM adenosine 5'-monophosphate, 7 mM gamma-CD in 75% (v/v) methanol at pH 7.0.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗

Optimized peptide separation and identification for mass spectrometry based proteomics via free-flow electrophoresis.

Multidimensional LC-MS based shotgun proteomics experiments at the peptide level have traditionally been carried out by ion exchange in the first dimension and reversed-phase liquid chromatography in the second. Recently, it has been shown that isoelectric focusing (IEF) is an interesting alternative approach to ion exchange separation of peptides in the first dimension. Here we present an improved protocol for peptide separation by continuous free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) as the first dimension in a two-dimensional peptide separation work flow. By the use of a flat pI gradient and a mannitol and urea based separation media we were able to perform high-throughput proteome analysis with improved interfacing between FFE and RPLC-MS/MS. The developed protocol was applied to a cytosolic fraction from Schneider S2 cells from Drosophila melanogaster, resulting in the identification of more than 10,000 unique peptides with high probability. To improve the accuracy of the peptide identification following FFE-IEF we incorporated the pI information as an additional parameter into a statistical model for discrimination between correct and incorrect peptide assignments to MS/MS spectra.

Animals↗

The autologous serum skin test: a screening test for autoantibodies in chronic idiopathic urticaria.

One-third of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) have circulating functional autoantibodies against the high affinity IgE receptor FcepsilonRI, or IgE. The intradermal injection of autologous serum causes a weal and flare reaction in many patients with CIU, and this reaction forms the basis of the autologous serum skin test (ASST). We have determined the parameters of the ASST which define the optimal sensitivity and specificity for the identification of patients with autoantibodies. Two physicians (R.A. S. and C.E.H.G.) performed ASSTs in a total of 155 patients with CIU, 40 healthy control subjects, 15 patients with dermographism, nine with cholinergic urticaria and 10 with atopic eczema. Patients were classified as having functional autoantibodies by demonstrating in vitro serum-evoked histamine release from the basophils of two healthy donors. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the mean weal diameter, weal volume, weal redness and flare area of the intradermal serum-induced cutaneous responses at 30 min between patients with CIU with autoantibodies and either those without autoantibodies or control subjects. The optimum combined sensitivity and specificity of the ASST was obtained if a positive test was defined as a red serum-induced weal with a diameter of >/= 1.5 mm than the saline-induced response at 30 min. For R.A.S. and C.E.H.G., the ASST sensitivity was 65% and 71% and specificity was 81% and 78%, respectively. Using these criteria, the following subjects had positive ASSTs: none of 15 dermographics, none of 10 atopics, one of nine cholinergics and one of 40 controls.

Autoantibodies↗

Proteomics of plant detergent-resistant membranes.

A large body of evidence from the past decade supports the existence, in membrane from animal and yeast cells, of functional microdomains that play important roles in protein sorting, signal transduction, or infection by pathogens. Recent reports demonstrated the presence, in plants, of detergent-resistant fractions isolated from plasma membrane. Analysis of the lipidic composition of this fraction revealed its enrichment in sphingolipids and sterols and depletion in phospho- and glycerolipids as previously observed for animal microdomains. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiments indicated that these detergent-resistant fractions are able to recruit a specific set of plasma membrane proteins and exclude others. In the present study, we used mass spectrometry to give an extensive description of a tobacco plasma membrane fraction resistant to solubilization with Triton X-100. This led to the identification of 145 proteins whose functional and physicochemical characteristics were analyzed in silico. Parameters such as isoelectric point, molecular weight, number and length of transmembrane segments, or global hydrophobicity were analyzed and compared with the data available concerning plant plasma membrane proteins. Post-translational modifications, such as myristoylation, palmitoylation, or presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, were examined in relation to the presence of the corresponding proteins in these microdomains. From a functional point of view, this analysis indicated that if a primary function of the plasma membrane, such as transport, seems under-represented in the detergent-resistant fraction, others undergo a significant increase of their relative importance. Among these are signaling and response to biotic and abiotic stress, cellular trafficking, and cell wall metabolism. This suggests that these domains are likely to constitute, as in animal cells, signaling platforms involved in these physiological functions.

Biological Transport↗

Neighborhood enrichment for the identification of antigen-specific T-cell receptors.

Understanding T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity is not only essential for fundamental research, but could open up novel avenues for diagnostics, cancer immunotherapy, and the targeted treatment of autoimmune diseases. The immune system responds to challenges through groups of T-cells with similar TCR sequences. In recent years, searching for TCRs with an enrichment of similar sequences - neighbors - in a TCR repertoire has become a standard procedure for antigen-specific TCR identification. This study provides a systematic comparison of computational algorithms-ALICE, TCRNET, GLIPH2, and tcrdist3-that leverage neighborhood enrichment for antigen-specific TCR identification. Using published murine datasets from Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection and novel datasets from Sputnik V vaccination and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, we evaluated the performance of these algorithms. To facilitate reproducible analysis, we developed TCRgrapher, an R library that integrates these pipelines into a user-friendly framework. TCRgrapher enables efficient identification of antigen-specific TCRs from single repertoire snapshots and supports flexible parameter customization. Our comparative analysis revealed that ALICE and TCRNET consistently outperformed GLIPH2 and tcrdist3 across most datasets, achieving higher area under precision-recall curve. While murine datasets provide valuable insights into algorithm performance, caution is advised when extrapolating these results to other species or different experimental conditions. TCRgrapher is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/KseniaMIPT/tcrgrapher), offering researchers a robust tool for investigating TCR specificity and advancing immunological studies.

Animals↗

Beta-chemokine receptors 5 and 3 are expressed on the head region of human spermatozoon.

Induction of human sperm chemotaxis is an established phenomenon, though signaling systems physiologically involved have not been identified. Recently, it has been demonstrated that RANTES is present in the follicular fluid and that this molecule is a chemoactractant for human spermatozoa. However, the presence of beta-chemokine receptors on human spermatozoa has never been reported. By cytometric, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis, we demonstrate the presence of CCR5 and CCR3 on ejaculated spermatozoa from healthy subjects. CCR5 was detected in the periacrosomal region of the sperm surface, whereas CCR3 was also present in the postacrosomal cap. Individual variability was observed on CCR5 and CCR3 positive sperm percentages. Presence of Delta32+/-) mutation was demonstrated in two subjects expressing CCR5 in half of the ejaculated spermatozoa. Our findings represent the missing information in favor of the possibility that beta-chemokines and their receptors are involved in sperm chemotaxis. Identification of molecular mechanisms of sperm chemotaxis may allow us to identify predictive parameters of sperm fertilizing ability in hypofertile or infertile subjects. Finally, both CCR5 and CCR3 expressed on the sperm cell surface may be involved in HIV-1 adhesion to spermatozoa, thus allowing these cells to perform as virion cellular carriers during sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection.

Blotting, Western↗

Patient selection for biventricular pacing.

INTRODUCTION: Biventricular pacing improves functional status in the majority of patients with drug-refractory heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, and interventricular conduction delay. The aim of this study was to analyze the baseline clinical and functional data of a cohort of patients implanted with a biventricular stimulation system in a single-center experience, to verify if the pathophysiologic characteristics of patients affect outcome, and to determine if preliminary identification of the right candidates for the new therapy is possible with noninvasive parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since March 1999, 52 patients with advanced heart failure (idiopathic cardiomyopathy 50%, ischemic cardiomyopathy 35%, other etiology 15%) and left bundle branch block underwent cardiac resynchronization and were followed prospectively. Paired analysis over mean (+/- SD) follow-up of 348 +/- 154 days showed an overall significant decrease of QRS width (baseline 194 +/- 33.2 msec vs follow-up 159.6 +/- 20.1 msec), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (baseline 3.2 +/- 0.5 vs follow-up 2.3 +/- 0.5), quality-of-life score (baseline 54 +/- 25 vs follow-up 25 +/- 16), and increase of maximal VO2 (baseline 12.6 +/- 2.5 mL/kg/min vs follow-up 15.0 +/- 3.3 mL/kg/min). There were 80% responders (documented, persistent decrease > or = 1 NYHA class) and 20% nonresponders (same NYHA class or decline of status; need for heart transplant; death due to progressive pump failure). No significant differences in baseline clinical and functional variables between the two subgroups were observed. In responders, there was a highly significant global improvement of all variables; in nonresponders, no parameters changed between baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSION: These data confirm the role of biventricular pacing in improving the functional status of the great majority of a selected patient population having advanced heart failure and left bundle branch block with wide QRS complex. Basal demographic, clinical, and functional characteristics are not helpful in preliminary selection of responders. Simple evaluation of NYHA class confirms favorable outcome (improvement of functional and hemodynamic status).

Bundle-Branch Block↗

Characterizing cochlear mechano-electric transduction using a nonlinear systems identification procedure.

A nonlinear systems identification technique [J. S. Bendat, Nonlinear System Analysis and Identification from Random Data (Wiley, New York, 1990)] provided the frequency-domain parameters of a third-order system polynomial equation describing cochlear mechano-electric transduction (MET) in Mongolian gerbils. The magnitude of the linear system term was the largest followed by the cubic and quadratic terms. The phase of the linear and cubic system terms differed by approximately 180 deg and the phase of the quadratic term lay between. Between-animal and within-animal variability was smallest for the linear and cubic terms, and largest for the quadratic term. Summing linear and nonlinear coherence functions revealed that the third-order system polynomial equation characterized approximately 83% of MET for low frequencies and 92% for high frequencies. Animals exposed to a 4-kHz pure tone at 100 dB SPL for 20 min showed changes in the magnitude and phase of the parameters of the third-order polynomial equation. An increase in linear coherence and a decrease in nonlinear coherence occurred at frequencies centered at the exposure frequency. Below the exposure frequency, linear coherence decreased and nonlinear coherence increased. Summation of the coherence functions showed that the third-order polynomial equation characterized MET better after exposure to the pure tone.

Animals↗