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PubMed1978

[Determination of antimicrobial activity of a combination of acidamfenicol, clotrimazole and dexamethasone in vitro (author's transl)].

The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the antieczematic Bay f 4797 was studied. This combination drug contains the three active components acidamfenicol, clotrimazole and dexamethasone (prospective trade name: Baycuten). Various bacterial and fungal species of importance in dermatology served as test organisms. All the bacterial strains examined were found to be moderately susceptible to acidamfenicol; clotrimazole showed good inhibitory values agaisnt all the fungal species and the gram-positive bacterial strains. Additionally it was checked whether a synergistic or antagonistic interaction occurs with respect to the antimicrobial activity. An interference which could lead to impairment of the therapeutic activity was not observed.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

[Combined antibiotic therapy following heart surgery].

In vitro efficacy of combinations of broad and narrow spectrum semi-synthetic penicillins, broad spectrum semi-synthetic penicillins with macrolides or aminoglycosides and tetracyclines with other biosynthetic antibiotics was studied with respect to the causative agents of surgical infections. Correlation between the sensitivity of the isolates and the antibiotics levels in the organism of the surgical patients was shown. The role of the etiological factor in the development of the post-operative complications in the patients after surgical operations on the heart was elucidated. The most rational schemes of the antibiotic use in therapy of the patients with purulent complications after operations on the open heart were developed and the maximum doses of different semi-synthetic penicillins for the treatment of patients with purulent processes after operations under conditions of artificial blood circulation were determined.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Moxalactam: an inactivator of beta-lactamases].

At present, Moxalactam is the beta-lactam antibiotic which shows the greatest resistance to beta-lactamases. Moxalactam has little, if any, interactions with penicillinases, as is also the case of cefoxitin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime. Resistance of Moxalactam to cephalosporinases, however, appears to be related to the unique property of inactivating them. This implies: a specific process which involves the active site of the enzymes; a progressive, or time-dependent, process, which progressively abolishes beta-lactamase activity. This process was observed with most of the tested cephalosporinases. Thus, Moxalactam is the first beta-lactam antibiotic which inactivates beta-lactamases. This is probably why Moxalactam is so resistant to the action of beta-lactamases.

Cephalosporinase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenesis and treatment of enterococcal infections.

The pathogenesis and treatment of enterococcal infections are reviewed. Bactericidal activity is needed for treatment of endocarditis and meningitis, but penicillin and even vancomycin are not reliably bactericidal for enterococci. An aminoglycoside can be added for synergy, but enterococcal resistance to aminoglycosides is increasing. Urinary-tract infections are the most common source of enterococcal bacteremia and subsequent endocarditis. Enterococcal meningitis tends to occur in patients with history of urinary-tract disease, anatomic defects of the central nervous system, previous neurological procedures, or enterococcal endocarditis. The pathogenic potential of enterococci in abdominal infections is unclear. An increased incidence of enterococcal infections is associated with growing use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly cephalosporins. Enterococci are susceptible to most penicillins except the antistaphylococcal agents, and urinary-tract infection is easily treated with a penicillin alone. For treatment of endocarditis and meningitis, a penicillin plus an aminoglycoside (such as streptomycin or gentamicin) must be used. In penicillin-allergic patients, vancomycin, preferably with an aminoglycoside, is the drug of choice. Cephalosporins, including all third-generation agents, have little or no activity against enterococci.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Combinations of mezlocillin with other antibiotics. A review of in vitro laboratory studies (author's transl)].

Thirteen publications concerning combinations of mezlocillin with other antibiotics are reviewed, with special attention to antibiotics at present available in France. A fairly large number of different methods were used by the authors, making a comparative study extremely difficult. Most studies dealt with mezlocillin-aminoglycoside combinations against enterobacteriacaea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa : the effect was predominantly synergistic, but a few antagonistic effects are reported. The results on other groups of bacteria and with other antibiotics are more scattered. It was sometimes useful to combine mezlocillin with a cephalosporin. A synergistic effect with fosfomycin was found against Serratia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Fusidic acid: new opportunities with an old antibiotic.

The extensive foreign experience with fusidic acid prior to its belated introduction to Canada is reviewed. Fusidic acid is a steroid antibiotic with minimal toxic and hormonal effects that is mainly excreted through the liver. It has a predominantly bactericidal action and does not shown cross-resistance with other antibiotics. Since organisms resistant to this drug form easily in vitro when exposed to low concentrations, complementary treatment with another antibiotic may be required in some clinical situations. Although fusidic acid is active in vitro against a number of organisms, to date it has mainly been used to treat serious infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. The agent appears to be particularly valuable in the treatment of bone and joint infections and in pediatric practice. Fusidic acid will soon be available in Canada for both oral and intravenous administration. Attainable antibiotic levels in many tissues and body fluids greatly exceed the minimum inhibitory concentrations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗