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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Oculomotor evidence of sequence learning on the serial reaction time task.

Manual and oculomotor measures of sequence learning were examined on the serial reaction time (SRT) task Participants were assigned into four groups differing on response modality (manual, oculomotor) and trial type (sequence, pseudorandom). The pattern of manual RTs replicated previous studies. Frequency of anticipatory eye movements followed similar patterns as RTs. Participants made many anticipations, even in pseudorandom blocks, and frequency of anticipations did not depend on presence of concurrent manual responses. Excluding participants with explicit awareness did not change results. Anticipations were negatively related to RTs in both incidental and intentional learning. Anticipations were positively related to sequence recall in intentional, but not incidental, learning. Results suggest that (1) anticipatory eye movements reflected sequence learning and (2) participants made overt and covert shifts of visuospatial attention to likely stimulus locations prior to stimulus onset, whether or not they made manual responses and whether or not there was a sequence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Investigating the mixture and subdivision of perceptual and conceptual processing in Japanese memory tests.

The dual nature of the Japanese writing system was used to investigate two assumptions of the processing view of memory transfer: (1) that both perceptual and conceptual processing can contribute to the same memory test (mixture assumption) and (2) that both can be broken into more specific processes (subdivision assumption). Supporting the mixture assumption, a word fragment completion test based on ideographic kanji characters (kanji fragment completion test) was affected by both perceptual (hiragana/kanji script shift) and conceptual (levels-of-processing) study manipulations kanji fragments, because it did not occur with the use of meaningless hiragana fragments. The mixture assumption is also supported by an effect of study script on an implicit conceptual test (sentence completion), and the subdivision assumption is supported by a crossover dissociation between hiragana and kanji fragment completion as a function of study script.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Transfer-appropriate processing (TAP) and repetition priming.

Transfer-appropriate processing (TAP), as applied to implicit memory, has tended to emphasize general forms of processing (e.g., perceptual or conceptual processing). In the present studies, the TAP principle was employed in a more specific manner in order to more precisely assess the relations between the processing engaged during first exposure and that engaged during second exposure to items. Thirteen experiments used a two-phase, cross-task design in which participants engaged in different combinations of seven specific intentional tasks between Phase 1 and Phase 2. Maximum repetition priming was found when tasks were the same in Phases 1 and 2. When Phase 1 and Phase 2 tasks differed, there were lesser, or no, repetition priming effects, depending on the particular combination of tasks. The results demonstrate the importance of the specific intentional processes engaged during repetition priming and the potential heuristic value of TAP, as a principle and methodology, for exploring the organization of memory and related process models.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technology-based vs. traditional instruction. A comparison of two methods for teaching the skill of performing a 12-lead ECG.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an interactive, multimedia CD-ROM with traditional methods of teaching the skill of performing a 12-lead ECG. A randomized pre/posttest experimental design was used. Seventy-seven baccalaureate nursing students in a required, senior-level critical-care course at a large midwestern university were recruited for the study. Two teaching methods were compared. The traditional method included a self-study module, a brief lecture and demonstration by an instructor, and hands-on experience using a plastic manikin and a real 12-lead ECG machine in the learning laboratory. The second method covered the same content using an interactive, multimedia CD-ROM embedded with virtual reality and supplemented with a self-study module. There were no significant (p < .05) baseline differences in pretest scores between the two groups and no significant differences by group in cognitive gains, student satisfaction with their learning method, or perception of self-efficacy in performing the skill. Overall results indicated that both groups were satisfied with their instructional method and were similar in their ability to demonstrate the skill correctly on a live, simulated patient. This evaluation study is a beginning step to assess new and potentially more cost-effective teaching methods and their effects on student learning outcomes and behaviors, including the transfer of skill acquisition via a computer simulation to a real patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Luminescence properties of a new kind of rare earth complexes Tb(m-benzoicacid)3].

The luminescence properties of a new kind of rare earth complex Tb(m-benzoicacid)3 were studied. With the new complex as the dopant and PVK as the host, the film of the mixed system was made, from whose spectra the authors learned that a highly efficient energy transfer process exists. The energy transfer is related to the mass proportion, and the more the mass proportion of Tb in the doped system, the more the emission proportion, and at the same time the emission of PVK is relatively weak. When the mass proportion of Tb(m-benzoicacid)3:PVK is higher than 20%, the emission of Tb is stronger than that of PVK, and plays the main role, while the emission of PVK disappears. The authors used the PVK:Tb(m-benzoicacid)3 system as the emission layer and Alq as the electron-transfer layer, thus the device, whose structure is ITO/PVK:Tb(m-benzoicacid)3/Alq/LiF/Al was formed. From the spectrum of this device, the characteristic emission of Tb can be observed. At the bias voltage of 21 V, a brightness 311 cd x m(-2) was achieved.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2005

Fraser Health PACS project: learning from experience in planning.

Fraser Health is proud of its new imaging technology. Making the transition from film to PACS has proven to be both rewarding and challenging. PACS is now performing as planned, providing physicians and health care providers with a faster, safer, more streamlined imaging service than ever before. Most importantly, PACS works. The challenge of transition and learning a complex new technology that is proving to be effective is worth the effort. Physicians and healthcare providers within the filmless sites say they would not go back to film. Although PACs will return untold dividends for patients and care providers through timely sharing and analysis of images, Fraser Health's PACs project team has learned a number of valuable and transferable lessons about managing a project of this scope and complexity.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1991

[Study of cerebral circulation and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in a patient with agenesis of the corpus callosum using 123I-IMP SPECT and cine-mode MRI].

A right-handed, 77-year-old man, complaining of dizziness, was diagnosed as agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) by MRI, which demonstrated a complete defect of the corpus callosum (CC) with symmetrical enlargement of the posterior horns of the bilateral ventricles (colpocephy) and focal hypo-plasticity of the frontal lobes. Neurological examination revealed only mild impairment of mental function and poor transfer of tactile form-board learning from the right hand to the left hand. As to the cerebral circulation detected by 123I-IMP SPECT, isotope distribution corresponded to the MRI brain images, though the defects were clearly seen on the medial surfaces of the bilateral frontal lobes, so interhemispheric fissure seemed to be opened widely. IV-DSA revealed hypo-vascularity in the anterior territory of the anterior cerebral arteries. These findings suggested that this localized defect was due to hypo-vascularity and focal hypo-plasticity of the frontal lobes. On the other hand, cine-mode MRI findings that no signal-void phenomenon was found between the third ventricle and the longitudinal fissure indicated no shunt in cerebrospinal fluid.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Temporal memory over the adult lifespan.

Performances of noncollege student young adults, middle-aged adults, and elderly adults were contrasted on word temporal memory and paired-associate learning tasks. A comparison group of college-student subjects was also evaluated on each task. Significant effects for age variation were found for each task. The age sensitivity for temporal memory conflicts with one of the criteria commonly established for determining the automaticity of a memory task. In addition, moderately high positive correlations were found for each age group between word temporal memory scores and paired-associate learning scores, implying the involvement of effortful processes over the adult lifespan in word temporal memory.

Adult↗