Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TOOTH DISCOLORATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Contemporary trends and techniques in tooth whitening: a review.

UNLABELLED: The popularity of tooth whitening has increased with the advent of patient-applied, peroxide-based whitening agents, as well as increased media influence. Peroxides are considered effective and safe when used under professional supervision. Whitening methods include those prescribed by a dental professional for the patient's at-home use, those applied by the dental professional in the office, a combination of both, or methods available over the counter (OTC). This article reviews the effect of contemporary whitening agents and illustrates the clinical application of three methods prescribed by dental professionals. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: This article presents the use of three different types of whitening agents for improved aesthetics. Upon reading this article, the reader should be able to: Distinguish the difference between professionally administered in-office and at-home tooth-whitening results. Identify the effects of whitening agents on dental tissues.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Finishing and polishing of direct posterior resin restorations.

UNLABELLED: Direct composite resin materials have revolutionized the delivery of minimally invasive treatment in the posterior region. Contemporary resin formulations provide improved strength, wear resistance, and aesthetics. Microhybrid formulations have also been associated with enhanced polishability. Development of an optimal surface polish in turn reduces stain and plaque accumulation, minimizes wear, and enhances the appearance of the definitive restoration. This article presents a simplified technique and protocol for finishing and polishing composite resin materials following restoration of the posterior region. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: This article discusses techniques and a protocol for finishing and polishing posterior direct resin restorations. Upon reading this article, the reader should: Understand the clinical protocol necessary to create direct posterior resin restorations that require minimal finishing. Be able to select appropriate instrumentation for direct posterior resin finishing and polishing procedures. Understand the importance of correct finishing and polishing on plaque accumulation, stain resistance, and wear resistance.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1992

Rembrandt toothpaste stain prevention with and without the use of Peridex.

Sixty-five subjects were assigned to use Crest or Rembrandt dentifrice with either a placebo or Peridex rinse for eight weeks. One group, using Peridex, started with Crest and switched to Rembrandt at week four of the study. There were no significant differences among the groups on gingivitis, plaque, or calculus by the conclusion of the study. On the stain intensity index there was a significant statistical difference on buccal surfaces between Crest and Rembrandt with placebo compared to Crest with Peridex. On lingual surfaces, Rembrandt with placebo rinse was significantly lower than all Peridex rinse groups by the end of the study. From baseline to the conclusion of the study, Crest with placebo had no change in stain intensity, while Rembrandt with placebo had a significant drop on both buccal and lingual surfaces. The Peridex groups had increases on buccal stain intensity. On stain area scores, by the conclusion of the study both Crest and Rembrandt with placebo were significantly different from Crest with Peridex on buccal and lingual surfaces. Over time there was no significant change in stain area for the Crest with placebo groups. Rembrandt and placebo was significantly lower on stain area from baseline to week eight on buccal surfaces. The Peridex groups had increases in stain area over the study period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Rembrandt toothpaste: stain removal following the use of Peridex.

Eighteen subjects participated in a stain removal study following two months of Peridex use. The subjects were randomly assigned to use either Rembrandt dentifrice or Crest dentifrice for two months. Indices for stain area and intensity were taken at baseline, two, four, and eight weeks. After eight weeks' use, the Rembrandt group had a 37.1% lower stain area score on facial and 30% lower stain score on lingual surfaces compared to the Crest dentifrice group. On total surface stain area, the Rembrandt group was significantly lower than the Crest dentifrice group at p less than .05. Over eight weeks, the Rembrandt group had a significant drop in stain area while the Crest group had no significant change. On the stain intensity index, there was a 45.7% reduction on facial surfaces and 38.2% on lingual surfaces compared to the Crest dentifrice group which was significant at p less than .01.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Progress in the treatment of stained teeth].

The treatment of stained teeth has been one of the striking aspects of stomatology and esthetic dentistry. Based on detailed data and references, this article introduces the types of stained teeth and the main treatment methods including strong point, weakness, limitation of the usage, result, and the relevant mechanisms. It addresses the researches on problems in the treatment of stained teeth. Also in this paper is envisaged what will be done to treat the stained teeth in future.

Dental Veneers↗
PubMed2004

[Effectiveness of three whitening dentifrices].

Over the past years the market share of whitening dentifrices has been increasing. The aim of this parallel, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was to assess the efficiency of three commercially available tooth whitening dentifrices. Thirty-six subjects with extrinsic tooth stain (A3 and darker) were randomly assigned to three groups (A, B, C) of twelve subjects each. Group A brushed their teeth twice daily with Durodont medical fresh and white (RDA 70), Group B with Friscodent Zahnweiss (RDA 87) and Group C with a combination of Durodont Zahnweiss intensiv (RDA 166) and Durodont medical fresh and white. At baseline and after four and eight weeks the color of the anterior teeth was evaluated using a VITAPAN classical color shade and a special colorimeter (Homeba). The colors of the shade guide were arranged and nummerized by value. After four and eight weeks of use each dentifrice showed a significant whitening effect compared to baseline (p < or = 0.05). There were, however, no significant differences between the groups. Moreover both methods showed similar results. Thus, the results support a significant "whitening" effect of all three dentifrices.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A comparative evaluation of an ultrasonic and a manual toothbrush on the oral hygiene status and stain removing efficacy.

The efficacy of ultrasonic toothbrush and a manual toothbrush was compared on the oral hygiene status and on microbial parameters. 26 dental students from the College of Dental Sciences Davangere, Karnataka, were selected for this single blind study of 4 weeks duration. The participants were in the age group of 18-25 years. The brushes were randomly allotted by the co-investigator, who also supervised the brushing technique throughout the study period. The subjects were instructed to refrain from brushing their teeth for 12-14 hours prior to each follow up visit. The main investigator assessed all the clinical parameters at baseline, 14th, 21st and 28th day. Statistical analysis was carried out by an independent statistician who remained blind to the test products. Each of the tooth brushes tested, showed significant reductions in all the clinical parameters between 0 and 28th day. The reductions within the groups were significant although no significant differences between the groups were found. The reductions in stain index, bleeding index and gingival index was higher in ultrasonic toothbrush compared to manual toothbrush. It is concluded that ultrasonic toothbrush is safe and effective in the removal of plaque, stains, reduction of gingival inflammation and gingival bleeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The technology behind Colgate Simply White Toothpaste.

Colgate Simply White Toothpaste is a new advanced tooth whitening dentifrice that can be used every day. The synergy of abrasive stain removal with activated hydrogen peroxide delivers excellent performance in the removal of extrinsic and intrinsic tooth stain. Colgate Simply White Toothpaste provides other oral health benefits that have become the cost-of-entry into the toothpaste market: caries protection, tartar control, fresh breath, and a preferred flavor.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2004

Comparative tooth whitening and extrinsic tooth stain removal efficacy of two tooth whitening dentifrices: six-week clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this six-week, examiner-blind clinical study was to assess the tooth whitening and extrinsic tooth stain removal efficacy of a new dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base (Test Dentifrice), relative to that of commercially available hexametaphosphate-containing whitening dentifrice (Positive Control Dentifrice). METHODOLOGY: Following a baseline oral soft tissue examination and scoring of extrinsic tooth stain and tooth shade, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania area were randomized into either the Test or Positive Control Dentifrice group. The two groups were balanced for gender, extrinsic tooth stain, and tooth shade scores. All subjects were provided their assigned dentifrice and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for home use. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for two minutes twice daily (morning and evening) using only the dentifrice provided, and to refrain from using any other oral hygiene products for the entire six weeks of the study. There were no restrictions regarding diet or smoking habits during the course of the study. Oral soft tissue, extrinsic tooth stain, and tooth shade assessments for each subject were repeated after two and six weeks of product use. All statistical tests were two sided and employed a level of significance of alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty-six (56) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. Compared to baseline at both the two- and six-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice group had statistically significant reductions in extrinsic tooth stain area and intensity, and statistically significant mean shade rank reductions, with a six-week reduction of 4.81. In contrast, at six weeks, the Positive Control dentifrice had a statistically significant increase in tooth stain area, a non-significant increase in tooth stain intensity, and a statistically significant mean 1.40 shade rank score reduction. At both the two- and six-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice group had statistically significantly lighter tooth shades and statistically significantly lower levels of extrinsic tooth stain area and intensity than the Positive Control Dentifrice group. CONCLUSION: A new whitening dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base has significant efficacy in tooth whitening and extrinsic stain removal, and provides a statistically significantly greater level of efficacy for both tooth whitening and extrinsic tooth stain removal than the commercially available Positive Control Dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Comparative tooth whitening and extrinsic tooth stain prevention efficacy of a new dentifrice and a commercially available tooth whitening dentifrice: six-week clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this six-week, examiner-blind clinical study was to assess the tooth whitening and extrinsic stain prevention efficacy of a new dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base (Test Dentifrice) relative to that of a commercially available hexametaphosphate-containing whitening dentifrice (Positive Control Dentifrice). METHODOLOGY: Following a baseline oral soft tissue examination and scoring of extrinsic tooth stain and tooth shade, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the Mississauga, Ontario, Canada area were randomized into either the Test or Positive Control Dentifrice group. The two groups were balanced for age, tobacco use, extrinsic tooth stain, and tooth shade scores. All subjects received a dental prophylaxis, and were provided with a supply of their assigned product and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for use at home. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for two minutes twice daily (morning and evening) using only the dentifrice provided, and to refrain from using any other oral hygiene products for the entire six weeks of the study. There were no restrictions regarding diet or smoking habits during the course of the study. Oral soft tissue, extrinsic tooth stain and tooth shade assessments for each subject were repeated after two and six weeks of product use. All statistical tests were two-sided and employed a level of significance of alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: Seventy-six (76) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At both the two-week and six-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice prevented statistically significant (p < 0.05) more tooth stain as compared to the Positive Control Dentifrice. Also, at the two-week and six-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice provided statistically significant (p < 0.05) greater tooth whitening as compared to the Positive Control Dentifrice (2.64 and 3.77 shade rank reductions, respectively). CONCLUSION: A new whitening dentifrice, delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base provides a statistically significant greater level of efficacy for both tooth whitening and prevention of extrinsic tooth stain than the commercially available Positive Control Dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Clinical trial evaluating the peroxide concentration response of whitening strips over 28 days.

PURPOSE: The research evaluated the peroxide concentration whitening response following self-directed use of whitening strips over a 28-day period. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, parallel group clinical study was conducted. 37 healthy adult volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on tooth color at screening: 1.8% hydrogen peroxide strips (HPS), 3.3% HPS or 5.3% HPS. Subjects applied the assigned maxillary strips twice per day for 30 minutes over 28 days. Tooth color was evaluated at day 7, 14 and 28 from digital images of the maxillary six anterior teeth using a standard method. Treatments were compared using analysis of covariance (adjusting for baseline) at a 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: Hydrogen peroxide at concentrations ranging from 1.8-5.3% resulted in significant (P< 0.05) color improvement versus baseline as early as Day 7. There was a concentration-response for reduction in yellowness (deltab*) and lightness improvement (deltaL*) at all timepoints, favoring the higher concentrations. While the concentration-whitening relationship approached a linear response at Day 7, continued treatment resulted in incremental color improvement. All three peroxide concentrations were well tolerated, and no subjects discontinued early due to a treatment-related adverse event.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[A preliminary study on the color effect of IPS Empress all-ceramic veneers].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the opaquing capacity, color compatibility and stability of IPS Empress all-ceramic veneers. METHODS: A total of 86 IPS Empress all-ceramic veneers were made for 18 patients. The patients were divided into three groups: Group A was tetracycline teeth, 64 veneers for 5 patients; Group B was non-tetracycline teeth, 22 veneers for 13 patients; Group C was 22 natural vital teeth with normal color as control group. Before and after veneers were inserted, ShadeEye NCC was employed to obtain L * a * b * values of each tooth. The values of cemented veneers used as the baseline, the L * a * b * values of each veneer were measured half a year, 1 year, and 2 years after restoration respectively. All L * a * b * values at different evaluation times were analyzed by SPSS 10.0. RESULTS: Before and after veneers were restored, the L * a * b * values of both Group A and Group B were significantly different, the color difference being 5.01 and 4.15 respectively. The color difference between Group A and selected shade guides was 2.45. Compared with the baseline value, the L * value of Group A significantly decreased 2 years after restoration, but the DeltaE of different evaluation times was not significantly different. The color difference between Group B and Group C was 0.22 and there was no significant color difference after restoration. CONCLUSIONS: IPS Empress all-ceramic veneers have excellent opaquing capacity, color compatibility and stability to non-tetracycline teeth. To tetracycline teeth IPS Empress all-ceramic veneers have a certain opaquing capacity, but they cannot completely match with shade guides; the L * value is significantly different after restoration and further studies are needed to evaluate its color effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Extrinsic tooth discolouration in 11-16 year-old Nigerian children.

This study was done to ascertain the prevalence and aetiology of extrinsic stains among 11-16 year-old school children in Surulere, which is one of the Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Lagos, Nigeria. 600 school children were randomly selected from 6 schools, 3 primary and 3 secondary, in the LGA. About 100 children were examined from each age category of 11 to 16 years for extrinsic stains, and information on their dietary and oral habits was obtained. A 64.0% prevalence of extrinsic stains was found among the study population (boys =64.5%, girls = 63.4%). The colour of the extrinsic stains ranged from yellow, brown, green, orange, black to red and were mainly due to poor oral hygiene. The extrinsic stains were derived mainly from food consumption and the action of chromogenic bacteria. The high level of extrinsic stains seen in this study is also a reflection of the low utilisation of dental services and subsequently of professional oral prophylaxis among the subjects as 91.5% had never visited a dentist and 94.8% had never had a professional oral prophylaxis. The prevalence of stains seen in the study population is higher than would be expected in adolescents who should be rather self-conscious at that age, the older adolescents even having a significantly higher prevalence of stains than younger adolescents (p < 0.05). No statistical difference in extrinsic stains prevalence was found among the sexes (p = 0.7) or among social classes (p> 0.05). The establishment of a school oral health care programme in the Local Government Area is advocated, as this may be the only source of oral care for these children. Dental health education and promotion services should be the main thrust of such services, which may be in form of fixed or mobile dental clinics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Survey of dental prophylaxes rendered by pediatric dentists in New England.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this anonymous postal survey was to assess the provision of dental prophylaxis by pediatric dentists in New England. METHODS: The questionnaire survey was sent by first class mail in September, 2001 to all 217 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) members in active private practice in the six New England States of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. A self-addressed, stamped envelope was provided to facilitate the returned response. RESULTS: The survey had a response rate of 70%. Most practitioners (93%) routinely recommended dental prophylaxis for their recall patients. The proportion of practitioners who considered the following indications for recommending dental prophylaxis was: plaque, stain, and/or calculus removal - 99%; caries prevention - 75%; prior to topical fluoride application - 82%; prior to sealant application - 58%; and for behavioral modification - 68%. Almost two thirds of the practitioners (62%) defined dental prophylaxis as referring to both rubber cup pumice prophylaxis as well as to toothbrush prophylaxis. However, only one in four practitioners (26%) had modified her/his clinical practice to substitute toothbrush prophylaxis in lieu of rubber cup pumice prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Pediatric dentists in New England routinely provide dental prophylaxis to their recall patients.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Development of a questionnaire to measure perceptions of, and concerns derived from, dental fluorosis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a questionnaire in English and Spanish to measure concerns caused by children's (and their parents') perceptions of dental appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire addressed concerns in the physical, mental, and social domains, perceptions about discolourations and other oral conditions including tooth colour. Test-retest and internal reliability, and construct and criterion validity, were assessed as part of the development process. Children in Mexico City, Mexico and Indianapolis, Indiana answered the questionnaire and were examined for fluorosis using the TSIF index. Data were analysed using Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's, Spearman's and intraclass correlations, and percentage agreement tests. RESULTS: Ninety-five children and 28 parents participated in Mexico City; fluorosis was diagnosed in 66% of children. Seventy-one children and 65 parents participated in Indianapolis; fluorosis was diagnosed in 63% of children. English and Spanish questionnaires had acceptable test-retest performance, and moderate internal reliability. Criterion validity was acceptable, and the translated versions retained acceptable construct validity. Perceptions of discolourations were associated with concerns of the participants. Level of concern was higher in Indianapolis than in Mexico City, generally. Many participants reported that they were at least occasionally distressed or worried over the appearance of the children's teeth, that it hindered children from smiling freely, and that it was an unsatisfactory appearance. CONCLUSION: The developed questionnaire allowed children and parents to report perceived dental appearance problems and concerns.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Stain reduction of an integrated oral hygiene system.

This article discusses research to determine the efficacy of a prototype integrated power toothbrush and toothpaste dispensing system, the IntelliClean System from Sonicare and Crest, in the removal of extrinsic stain. The prototype integrated system and a positive control, the Sonicare Elite with conventional toothpaste, were evaluated in 2 randomized, single-blinded, parallel 4-week controlled clinical trials. There was a low dropout rate, with 28 subjects of the 31 randomized in study 1 completing the study (10% loss to follow-up) and 26 subjects of the 28 randomized in study 2 completing the study (7% loss to follow-up). Lobene stain scores were used to assess the extent and intensity of stain for all teeth meeting the criteria for inclusion in the studies. Lobene stain scores were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks in both studies. A survey also was conducted at the conclusion of each study to determine user attitude toward the integrated system. The prototype integrated system was found to significantly reduce overall extrinsic stain over time, performing not significantly differently from the positive control. Overall, the prototype integrated system reduced the composite measure of stain that encompasses both the extent and intensity of stain by 60%. This research demonstrates that the IntelliClean System from Sonicare and Crest is highly effective in reducing extrinsic stain.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The relationship of dental extrinsic stains with the concentration of trace elements in water sources in a district of Nepal.

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship of dental extrinsic stains (DES) with levels of trace elements in drinking water sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study among the population of Madesha VDC. A sample of 551 residents aged between 4 years and above was examined. A questionnaire was prepared to assess the dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, age, period of residency (POR), followed by clinical examination regarding the presence or absence of DES. Water samples were collected and sent for analysis by AAS method for trace elements. RESULTS: The prevalence of DES was 39%. Twenty-eight water samples had Fe levels that exceeded permissible levels and all samples were negative for other trace elements. Stains were associated with POR and levels of Fe in water (P value < 0.001). There was a positive correlation by ward of Fe levels and stain distribution. CONCLUSION: The results revealed an association between DES with age, POR, and Fe levels in water. The positive correlation between stain distribution by ward and levels of Fe in water indicated the causative role of Fe in stains.

Adolescent↗