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Daily pollen counts were made in Brasília DF, Brazil, from February 9, 1973 to February 9, 1974. Just one pollen season was perfectly delineated: a grass season. Two weeds, Smilax and Aristolochia, showed some regularity, with a few number of pollen granules. Tree pollens belonging to the Rosaceae family presented a similar behaviour.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the historical origins of folk herbal medicines "Shidachuan" and "Shijianchuan" METHOD: The origins of "Shidachuan" and "Shijianchuan" were confirmed by textural research and investigation of therapeutic effects. RESULTS: In "Ben Cao Gang Mu" (the Compendium of Materia Medica) "Shidachuan" was not recorded, and "Shijianchuan" was listed only as a medicine of "nomination without use", with the habitat and morphology being blank. CONCLUSION: The "Shidachuan" which was originally recorded in "Ben Cao Gang Mu Shi Yi" (A Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica) should be "Longyacao" (Agrimonia pilosa) of Rosaceae family. "Shijianchuan" should be "Guizhencao" (Bidens bipinata) of Compositae family instead of "Huashuweicao" (Salvia chinensis) of Labiatae family. The herbal medicine recorded as "shijianchuan" in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" is the very species of Salvia chinensis, which is considered as a new rising species of "Shijianchuan".
OBJECTIVE: To approach a new evidence for identifying various species of Rosaceae Sanguisorba, especially for distinguishing S. applanata from S. sitchinese. METHOD: The pollens of five species S. officinalis, S. officinalis var. longifolia, S. applanata, S. applanata var. villosa and S. sitchinese were morphologically identified with electron microscope. RESULTS: The pollens are prolate or perprolate, having six colporates and featuring sculptures of small caverns and small granules combined. The species are closed to each other in pollen morphology, bur display differences in the diameter of pollens, clarity of pore membrane and presence or absence of irregular verrucous sculptures. CONCLUSION: This paper provides a new evidence for identifying the Sanguisorba.
Doxycyclin is a semi-synthetic structural isomer of the tetracycline family. It exhibits good intra-cellular penetration, with bacteriostatic activity on many bacteria. Different types or bacterial resistance are known. Acquired resistance has a ribosomal or a plasmidic mechanism. Resistance of Propionibacterium acnes is secondary to a mutation of ARNr. Doxycyclin also has an anti-inflammatory activity, via numerous pathways. Doxycyclin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed by the digestive tract. Food has no incidence on the absorption. It has a high but labile affinity for proteins with 90 p. 100 of the molecule linked. It rapidly diffuses in the extravascular compartment and in most of the tissues. Bile excretion is the main excretion route. It occurs more slowly by the kidney with tubular reabsorption. The main dermatological indication is acne with daily dose varing between 50 mg and 100 mg. Although good assays are lacking, a large professional consensus has validated its use. It is also active at the same dosage in rosacea. Chlamydial and mycoplasma urethritis may be treated by doxycyclin, and this antibiotic is presently used as second choice. Many other diseases may be treated as a primary or secondary choice, such as treponematoses, brucellosis, pasteurellosis, borreliosis, rickettsioses and cholera. Some non infectious diseases have been occasionally treated by doxycycline. Digestive side effects are the more frequent. Esophageal toxicity has been reduced with tablets and sufficient concomitant water ingestion. Phototoxicity is dose-dependent. Various cutaneous side effects have been described, some of them severe. Systemic toxicity is rare. Pregnancy is a contra-indication, and as other tetracyclines, it should not be given to children and during lactation. Doxycycline is commercialized as tablets. No reduction of the dose is necessary in renal failure. Association with retinoids is not recommended. Anticoagulants are potentialized. Didanosin, iron, and mineral salts lower its activity.
Dermatoses may have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life, namely the relationship to others, self-image and self-esteem. We therefore asked whether the application of decorative cosmetics might increase their quality of life. Twenty female patients (16-69 y) with skin diseases affecting the patients' face (acne, n = 8; rosacea, n = 9; chronic discoid lupus erythematodes, n = 2; vitiligo, n = 1) were investigated. The patients were instructed by a cosmetician how to use decorative cosmetics (Unifiance , La Roche-Posay, France) and applied it daily for 2 weeks. The dermatology quality of life questionnaire (DLQI) was performed before the first application and 2 weeks afterwards. The clinical course was documented by standardised photography. Unifiance was well tolerated and no side effects occurred. It completely masked the unwanted coloration and application resulted in a significant amelioration of the appearance. The mean DLQI score dropped significantly from 9.2 to 5.5 (p = 0.0009). Improvement of quality of life reached statistical significance among patients with acne (2.8 versus 7.8, p = 0.0078) and among individuals with a less severe initial impairment of quality of life (2.4 versus 4.2, p = 0.007). Thus, the use of decorative cosmetics in disfiguring skin diseases is an effective, well-tolerated measure increasing the patients' quality of life. We therefore suggest that decorative cosmetics can complement the treatment of disfiguring skin diseases.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the nature and frequency of skin diseases observed at the Dermatology Department (Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital) between January 1st, 1995 and December 31, 1999, and to compare them according to age and sex. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All the patients who presented to the consultation were enclosed in the study. Their file included sex, age, one or several diagnoses, the number of visits for each disease. Only new diagnoses were taken into account. Data were handled by Epilnfo program. RESULTS: 6822 patients (59.01% women, 40.99% men, average age 31 years) were seen with 8552 diagnoses. Fungal infections represent the most frequent disease (14.6%), followed by acne (14.1%), eczema (8.56%), viral infections (7.9%) and skin tumors (7.28%). Women consulted more often than men for acne, rosacea, eczema, hair loss, melasma and stretch marks; whereas men consulted more often for fungal and viral infections, and alopecia areata. DISCUSSION: The most frequent skin diseases (all ages merged), were fungal infections, acne and eczema. The same three diagnoses were found before as the most frequent in a previous Lebanese study. The profile of skin diseases in Lebanon turns out very close to observations made in developed countries, but it differs from the Western profile on two fundamental points: absence of leg ulcers and rarity of skin tumors. This profile seems, besides, very remote from the Middle-Eastern and Arabic context especially because of the absence of some endemic diseases such as tinea capitis, leprosy and leishmaniosis.
Topical tacrolimus is the first topical immunomodulator of its kind, and its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, metabolism and efficacy will be discussed. Multiple studies have supported the safety and efficacy of topical tacrolimus in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in both adults and children. Studies have also suggested that topical tacrolimus may be effective in the treatment of acute contact dermatitis. Although oral administration of tacrolimus proved to be efficacious in psoriasis, results with topical tacrolimus have been disappointing in some studies. Additional reports of success in the use of topical tacrolimus in the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum show promise, although there is a paucity of randomized, placebo-controlled trials examining its use. It has also been suggested that topical tacrolimus is useful in the treatment of alopecia areata, erosive lichen planus, isolated ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, steroid-induced rosacea, and in the prevention of allograft rejection, however more clinical trials need to be performed.
Despite the unexpected results from the beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) and similar supplementation trials showing that supplementation with beta-carotene increased, rather than decreased, lung cancer incidence, considerable interest remains in investigating how other compounds in fruits and vegetables may affect lung cancer risk. We used data from 14,120 CARET participants who completed food frequency questionnaires to examine associations of diet with lung cancer risk. After 12 years of follow-up (1989-2001), 742 participants developed lung cancer. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate multivariate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were controlled for smoking, asbestos exposure, and other covariates. Analyses of specific botanical groups were also controlled for total fruit and vegetable intake. All models were stratified by CARET treatment arm, and all statistical tests were two-sided. Statistically significant associations of fruit and vegetable intake with lower lung cancer risk were restricted to the CARET placebo arm. The RR for highest versus lowest quintile of total fruit consumption in the placebo arm was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.39-0.81) with a two-sided P for trend = 0.003. Two specific botanical groups were associated with reduced risk of lung cancer. Compared with the lowest quintile of rosaceae fruit consumption, placebo participants in the top quintile had a RR of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42-0.94; P for trend = 0.02); for cruciferae vegetables, the RR was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.45-1.04; P for trend = 0.01). We did not observe any statistically significant associations of fruit and vegetable intake with lung cancer risk among participants randomized to receive the CARET supplements (30 mg of beta-carotene and 25,000 IU of retinyl palmitate). This report provides evidence that plant foods have an important preventive influence in a population at high risk for lung cancer. However, persons who use beta-carotene supplements do not benefit from the protective compounds in plant foods.
Cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus L. (Rosaceae) is an herbaceous plant with a boreal, circumpolar distribution. Its fruit is of economic importance in northern Scandinavia; furthermore, this plant is of significance in Norwegian tradition. We present a review of its biology, secondary metabolites as well as cloudberry applications. The compounds of primary interest in cloudberry are vitamin C and ellagotannins with a high level of ellagic acid that exhibits biological activities. Ellagic acid, a dietary phenolic, offers considerable promise as anticarcinogen, antimutagen and antioxidant. The ellagic acid content in cloudberries could have health benefits.
A 65-year old woman suffered from therapy resistant chronic blepharoconjunctivitis and rosacea, without improvement under therapy of systemic and topic antibiotics and topic steroids and antihistamines. Demodex folliculorum was found adhered to the hair bulb on microscopic examination. She received oral ivermectin with good response. Two months later demodicidosis recurred. Then she was treated with a combination of ivermectin and transfer factor with total remission. Demodex folliculorum considered as saprophytic mite may play a pathogenic role in ocular diseases.
The beneficial effects of alpha-hydroxyacids (AHAs) on skin were discovered by Drs. Van Scott and Yu in the early 1970s, including exfoliation, skin smoothing, and antiaging effects. A new generation of AHAs, called polyhydroxy acids (PHAs), was discovered that provide similar effects as AHAs but do not cause the sensory irritation responses that can limit the use of classical AHAs. PHAs have been found to be compatible with clinically sensitive skin, including rosacea and atopic dermatitis, and can be used after cosmetic procedures. PHAs provide additional humectant and moisturization properties compared with AHAs and can enhance stratum corneum barrier function, therefore increasing the skin's resistance to chemical challenge. Most PHAs also possess antioxidant properties. PHAs such as gluconolactone or lactobionic acid may be used in combination with other products, ingredients, or procedures such as laser and microdermabrasion to provide additional benefits to therapy or to enhance the therapeutic effect. Several studies were conducted in support of this, and methods and results are discussed. In summary, PHA-containing products were used in combination with retinoic acid in treating adult facial acne and were found to be well tolerated. PHAs plus retinyl acetate (pro-vitamin A) in a cream base exhibited significant antiaging skin benefits such as skin smoothing and plumping. PHAs plus hydroquinone showed excellent improvement in antiaging and skin lightening parameters. Finally, PHA-containing products were shown to be compatible with African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic/Asian skin and provided significant improvements in photoaging in these populations.
Shenyang city is located in the intersect zone among Changbai, Mongolia and North China flora, which has a plenty of plant species belonging to 98 families, 371 genera and 779 species. There are 85 plant species in the largest family Companulaceae, and more than 20 species in the families Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminoseae, Polygonuceae, Labiatae, Lilaceae and Ranunculaceae. These families have 384 species in total, and 49.3% of them are found in Shenyang city. The flora had 23 geographical components types, and 89.3% of them were of the temperate type. Based on the epigenesis and functions of vegetation and the role of the dominant species, the urban vegetation in the downtown area of Shenyang was divided into 3 vegetation classes, 14 vegetation groups and 57 vegetation types, and the components, structure, dynamics and functions of 3 representative vegetation classes were analysised.
"Dry eye syndrome" is a common disorder of the tear film that results from inadequate tear production, excessive tear evaporation or abnormality in mucin or lipid components of the tear film. A number of 53 patients suffering from dry eye syndrome were followed up for a period of 18 months. The study group was heterogeneous, including a lot of conditions accompanied by dry eye syndrome: Syogren's syndrome, lupus erythematous, ocular rosacea, patients with systemic treatments with antidepressants, betablockers, diuretics, oral contraceptives, glaucomatous patients with topical beta-blockers, postmenopausal women, aging people, computer users and long-term contact lens wearers. The therapeutical options were dictated by the severity of the syndrome: substitution therapy, treatment of the underlying eyelid diseases, modifying of the environmental conditions and treatment of the complications in the most severe cases. The new pathological approach is innovative and it may provide a real therapeutical measure for this condition: topical A Cyclosporine and androgen drops.
Corticosteroids have been combined with other agents in the treatment of melasma for years. In early studies by Kligman and Willis, topical dexamethasone as monotherapy produced little depigmentation even after 3 months of therapy. A significant concern is that topical corticosteroids used alone in this setting, especially on the face, may result in epidermal atrophy, telangiectasia, rosacea-like erythemas, acne, and perioral dermatitis. Topical corticosteroids, however, including low-potency fluocinolone acetonide, also exert an anti-metabolic effect, resulting in decreased epidermal turnover, and, thus, may produce a mild depigmenting effect. When used in combination with tretinoin and hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma, fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% suppresses biosynthetic and secretory functions of melanocytes, and thus melanin production, leading to early response in melasma, synergy among the three agents, and no significant side effects over an 8-week period.
A total of 15 females suffering from erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and 12 females free from other dermatological lesions were selected. Demodex folliculorum infestation density in both patients and control were evaluated by non-invasive skin surface biopsies. Five facial sites were selected. The daily topical application of 1/3 diluted camphor oil with glycerol and 500 mg metronidazole orally were given for fifteen days. The results were very successful with no clinical side effects.
Granulomatous periorificial dermatitis (GPD) is a distinct facial eruption in prepubertal children that should be distinguished from granulomatous rosacea, perioral dermatitis, and cutaneous sarcoidosis. We describe a case of GPD and review the key distinguishing features of this condition.
Skin diseases associated with photosensitivity are numerous and may be divided into three main groups: photo-aggravated dermatoses, genophotodermatoses and metabolic photodermatoses. Photo-aggravated dermatoses are autonomous skin diseases in which exposure to sunlight may make the disease worse or precipitate its onset and/or its progressiveness; this group includes lupus erythematosus, autoimmune bullous diseases, acantolytic dyskeratoses, acne vulgaris, rosacea and cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates. To these must be added photosensitive forms of autonomous dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, herpes labialis, erythema multiforme, granuloma and disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Genophotodermatoses are genodermatoses which are made photosensitive by a recognized or as yet unidentified deficiency of the natural photoprotection system. In this group are albinism, vitiligo, xeroderma pigmentosum and poikiloderma. Metabolic photodermatoses are diseases in which photosensitization reactions, often revealing, are due to the accumulation in the skin of an endogenous chromophore as a result of a congenital (porphyria) or acquired (pellagra) enzymatic disorder.
Alcohol abuse is associated with many health problems, especially skin changes. As a small, water- and lipid-soluble molecule, alcohol reaches all tissues of the body and affects most vital functions. Cutaneous diseases are now emerging as useful markers of alcoholism detectable at an early and possibly reversible stage of the disease, thus being of substantial importance to dermatologists and general practitioners. The most common skin manifestations of alcoholism presented in this review article are urticarial reactions, porphyria cutanea tarda, flushing, cutaneous stigmata of cirrhosis, psoriasis, pruritus, seborrheic dermatitis, and rosacea.