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PubMedDate not supplied

[Hygienic optimization of the use of chemical protective means on railway transport].

The paper presents data characterizing the working conditions of railway workers. It shows that there is the greatest levels of noise and vibration, the burden and intensity of work. The worst working conditions are noted in energy supply, car, locomotive services and track facilities. The working conditions determine a significant industrial risk of railway workers since the prevention of health abnormalities by using chemical protective means is a topical problem. The priority lines of hygienic rationale for optimization the choice and use of chemical protective means for workers exposed to occupational hazards are determined.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study on the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in workers exposed to smoke and irritant fumes in a railway workshop.

In the present study 108 full time workers employed in various sections of a railway workshop and exposed to smoke and irritant fumes, and 45 matched control subjects from local administrative staff were investigated to find prevalence of chronic bronchitis. In all 18 (16.7%) workers and 4 (8.9%) control subjects had clinical evidence of chronic bronchitis. Peak expiratory flow rate less than 300 L/min was observed in 54.6% workers and 2.2% control subjects. A significantly higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis was seen in workers. The advancing age, smoking and duration of exposure had significant influence on prevalence of chronic bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Mineral wealth and medical opportunity.

With the increase in population and in colonial revenues after the discovery of diamonds and gold in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, public and private hospitals proliferated, particularly in larger centres such as Cape Town. The numbers of practitioners engaged in public health also increased. Perhaps as important, doctors were now accepted as skilled professionals and remunerated accordingly. At the same time there was also a greater demand for doctors in the employment of business and industry, particularly the insurance industry and the railways. These opportunities for salaried employment somewhat reduced doctors' professional autonomy and occasionally encouraged intra-professional squabbles. Yet they also provided a springboard for general professional regulation, growing professional status in specialisms like psychiatry, and a solid base for the economic survival of country doctors.

Colonialism↗
PubMed2004

[Wiplash injury and "railway spine"].

Although post-traumatic stress disorder was only recently admitted into the international classification systems, psychological reactions to traumatic incidents have been frequently described for more than 100 years. The article deals with the mental reactions to a trauma in different historical situations. Included are the "railway spine" injuries of the 19th century, victims of accidents where third party liability could be claimed, accident insurance, the psychological consequences of National Socialism and whiplash injury. The analysis suggests that different reactions don't describe an identical disorder. It seems that reactions to injuries are mainly influenced by the historical and social background and the fact of beeing insured.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological investigation on the health status of employees in two factories manufacturing and repairing railway rolling stock: a historical perspective study of mortality].

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies of cancer risk due to occupational exposure to asbestos in production and repair of railway rolling stock has so far given consistent results for mesothelioma, but conflicting evidence for lung cancer. OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study was to investigate risk for mesothelioma and lung cancer in relation to estimated patterns of exposure in the occupational environment of railway rolling stock manufacture and repair. METHODS: A historical prospective study approach was adopted. The mortality experience of the study population was compared to that of the population of the Veneto Region. Two historical cohorts of workers employed in two plants manufacturing and repairing railway coaches were followed up for mortality. A total of 1,621 workers were enrolled in the study from the first factory, and 1,190 from the second. RESULTS: An elevation of both pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer was reported in the two factories with SMRs of 21.52 (CI 95%=1.64-32.29) and 6.46 (CI 95%=1.33-18.88), and 1.26 (CI 95%=1.01-1.54) and 1.18 (CI 95%=0.81-1.66) respectively. The two excesses however showed different patterns in relation to historical exposure estimates, which appear to correlate with mesotheliomas but not with lung cancer. An elevation of mortality for non-neoplastic respiratory diseases was associated with employment during periods when it was estimated that exposure was at higher levels in one of the two firms. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the high carcinogenic risk deriving from asbestos exposure, although inconsistencies were found between target organs in relation to exposure estimates, and the existence of time periods in production in which cancer risk was different.

Asbestos↗
PubMed2005

[Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air].

The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery and detection limit being 92% - 100%, 91% - 104%, 0.26ng/m3 - 0.82ng/m3, respectively. Pollution survey of 10 carbonyl compounds in air of 6 trains was conducted. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0. 1591 mg/m3 - 0.2828 mg/m3 with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m3, the average concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922 mg/m3, 0.0499 mg/m3 and 0.0580 mg/m3, accounted for 42.6%, 21.4%, 24.9% of the total carbonyl compounds' concentrations, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and tobacco. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043 mg/h - 0.076 mg/h.

Acetaldehyde↗