Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Prostatic Hyperplasia”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Estimated total costs of treating benign prostatic hyperplasia in Sweden.

New surgical methods and safe effective drugs for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have been introduced in recent years. The long-term effects of these measures and the patient categories for which each is best suited are not as yet known. Amid rapid changes in treatment policy, our study aims to establish a frame of reference in Sweden for the costs of treating BPH. In 1988 most treatment of BPH was surgical, with "watchful waiting" or indwelling urethral catheter as alternatives. Transurethral resection was the main surgical method. The costs of treating BPH in 1988 were calculated with a "prevalence" and an "incidence" approach. Direct costs accounted for 80-85% of the total were mainly hospital costs. The total economic burden of BPH treatment in Sweden was estimated as 305-390 million SEK, equivalent to 49-62 million US$ in 1988 prices. Because of the impending changes in management of BPH, follow-up of the financial consequences of these changes is important in order to secure effective use of health care resources.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1997

Coregulatory effects of epidermal growth factor, dihydrotestosterone, and prolactin on benign human prostatic hyperplasia tissue culture proliferation.

BACKGROUND: A variety of hormones have demonstrated effects on prostatic tissue growth dynamics. Our goal was to define the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and prolactin (PRL) on prostate cellular proliferation. METHODS: Thirty benign human prostatic hyperplasias (BPH) were maintained 48 hr as in vitro cultures. Culture media were supplemented with EGF, DHT, and PRL alone and in combinations. Proliferation was assessed by labeling with tritiated thymidine. RESULTS: The proliferative response of individual BPH cultures was heterogeneous. DHT and EGF tended to have a greater proliferative effect than PRL, both in terms of the percent cultures responding and the magnitude of the response. PRL antagonized EGF-induced proliferative effects. EGF- and PRL-mediated effects correlated with each other, while DHT-mediated effects did not correlate with either those of PRL or EGF. CONCLUSIONS: The proliferative response of individual BPH to DHT, EGF, and PRL, alone or in combination, is too variable to define a predictable response to their influence. Our methodology represents a technique with the capacity to define therapeutic potential for individual cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The short-term effects of tamsulosin in Japanese men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

We evaluated the short-term effects of tamsulosin in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. Twenty-seven patients, aged 57 to 86 years (mean 68.4); complaining of obstructive urinary symptoms who had received no previous treatment for such symptoms were orally administered 0.2 mg of tamsulosin for 4 weeks. Symptoms (total AUA symptom score and AUA symptom subscores) and objective parameters including peak and average flow rate, and post-void residual urine rate were evaluated before and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. The mean total AUA symptom score and the mean AUA symptom subscores for incomplete emptying and weak stream were significantly decreased after only 1 week of treatment. The mean AUA symptom subscores for intermittency, urgency and nocturia were significantly decreased after 4 weeks of treatment. The mean AUA symptom subscores for frequency and hesitancy were unchanged after 4 weeks of treatment. The mean peak and average flow rate, and post-void residual urine rate were significantly improved after only 1 week of treatment. In conclusion, tamsulosin improved not only objective parameters but also symptoms only 1 week after the start of treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: natural evolution versus medical treatment.

The epidemiology and natural evolution of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are important when considering the topic of natural evolution versus medical treatment. The incidence of BPH increases with age; it is thought that about 75% of men over 50 years of age suffer from some symptoms commonly associated with BPH. There are also differences in the incidence of BPH between various racial and ethnic groups. For example, it is considerably less common amongst Japanese men compared with Caucasians. Evidence from prospective studies, retrospective studies and the placebo arms of randomised, controlled studies regarding the natural evolution of BPH suggests that a strategy of 'watchful waiting' may be considered as a treatment option as the majority of patients do not show a worsening of symptoms over time. However, the chance for improvement of symptoms and the degree of symptom improvement has been shown to be higher with alpha 1-blocker therapy than with 'watchful waiting'. As both symptoms and treatment have an impact on the patient's quality of life, there is now a strong case for involving the patient in making quality-of-life decisions based on his own preferences and attitudes.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed2003

The efficacy of an abbreviated model of the International Prostate Symptom Score in evaluating benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the acceptability to patients in Turkey of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) for evaluating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to devise a possible abbreviated model, saving time when administered by a physician. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The IPSS questionnaire was initially self-administered in 200 consecutive patients aged> 50 years and with lower urinary tract symptoms. Patients were instructed only to mark questions which they clearly understood. The IPSS was then administered to 500 consecutive patients by the same physician. Subsequently, each of the seven questions was separately correlated with the IPSS and quality-of-life (QoL) score. The first five questions with the highest correlation coefficient for both the total IPSS and QoL score were identified, and every possible combination of these questions produced and correlated. RESULTS: In the first group, 29% of the patients did not complete the form and 44% could not mark at least one item; the effect of educational level was significant (P < 0.05). In the second group a combination of the first three items had a Pearson's correlation of 0.90 with the total IPSS; similarly, four questions combined (2, 3, 6 and 7) also correlated well (r = 0.92). Both combinations took significantly less time to administer (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The abbreviated form of the IPSS consisting of three or four items may be used to assess symptoms in patients with BPH, especially in underdeveloped countries.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

History of weight and obesity through life and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: The relation of anthropometric measures, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) risk was investigated. DESIGN: Hospital-based case-control study. SUBJECTS: Cases were 1369 men with histologically confirmed BPH, and controls were 1451 men below 75 y, admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic diseases. MEASUREMENTS: Using a structured questionnaire, trained interviewers collected information on self-reported height and weight, and measured waist and hip circumference of patients. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Compared to the corresponding lowest quartile, the OR for the highest one were 0.76 (95% CI 0.59-0.98) for body weight, 0.71 (95% CI 0.54-0.94) for waist-to-hip ratio and 0.87 (95% CI 0.70-1.09) for body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)). Compared to a lowest lifelong BMI <20.7 kg/m(2), the OR was 1.56 (95% CI 1.25-1.95) for a lowest lifelong BMI > or =23.7 kg/m(2). The OR was 0.74 (95% CI 0.60-0.93) for a lifelong increase of BMI > or =6.1 kg/m(2), compared to <1.6 kg/m(2). No association emerged for history of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight was modestly, inversely related to BPH. The hypothesis of reduced testosterone levels in obese individuals may explain the different BPH risk and need to be tested.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Economic costs of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the private sector.

PURPOSE: Several studies document the impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in working, aged men. Direct medical costs related to BPH treatment are largely borne by employees through higher premiums. However, indirect costs related to lost work are primarily borne by the employer. In this study we used claims data and absentee records from large employers to estimate the costs associated with BPH in working age males. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 2 data sources to examine direct and indirect costs associated with BPH in a privately insured, nonelderly population. Multivariate regression models were used to predict spending for persons with and without a medical claim for BPH, controlling for relevant covariates. Data on work loss were linked to medical claims to estimate work loss related to treatment for BPH. RESULTS: Mean annual expenditures were 4,193 dollars for men without a medical claim for BPH. In contrast, annual spending was 5,729 dollars for men with a claim for BPH. Thus, the incremental cost associated with a diagnosis of BPH was 1,536 dollars yearly. Overall the average employee with the condition missed 7.3 hours of work yearly related to BPH with approximately 10% reporting some work loss related to a health care encounter for BPH. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of men with BPH places a significant burden on employees and their employers through direct medical costs as well as through lost work time. Direct and indirect costs to the private sector related to BPH treatment are estimated to be 3.9 billion dollars.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2001

Effect of terazosin on the lipid profile in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.

INTRODUCTION: To determine the changes in plasma lipid levels in symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients receiving terazosin treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 99 patients with BPH aged 44-74 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups: in group 1 (n = 25) with baseline total cholesterol levels of >220 mg/dl, terazosin 5 mg/day was used; in group 2 (n = 56) with basal total cholesterol levels of < 220 mg/dl, terazosin 5 mg/day was used, and group 3 (n = 18) did not use terazosin and was defined as the control group. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride were recorded, and the high-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol ratio was calculated at the beginning of the study and after 12 weeks. RESULTS: The total cholesterol level decreased from the baseline level by 10.88% after 12 weeks (p < 0.05) in group 1. The decrease was observed in 22 of 25 patients (88%). In group 1, the mean plasma total cholesterol level decreased significantly (p < 0.05), but the decrease was not significant in group 2 and no change was observed in group 3. The mean plasma low-density lipoprotein level decreased significantly in group 1 (p < 0.05), but no change was observed in the other 2 groups. The mean plasma high-density lipoprotein level increased in group 1, whereas no change was observed in the other 2 groups. The mean plasma triglyceride level decreased significantly in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05), but no change was observed in group 3. The high-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol ratio increased significantly in group 1, but no change was observed in the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION: We suggest that terazosin may be a reasonable choice because of the beneficial effect on the lipid profile in older symptomatic BPH patients with a higher ratio of dyslipidemia.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed2002

Body size and serum levels of insulin and leptin in relation to the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

PURPOSE: Obesity has been implicated in the etiology of benign and malignant prostatic growth due to its influence on metabolic and endocrine changes. Because obesity is an important determinant of serum levels of insulin and leptin (the product of the obesity gene Ob), we investigated the role of obesity and serum levels of insulin and leptin in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) etiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fasting serum levels of insulin and leptin as well as the body mass index, a measure of overall obesity, and waist-to-hip ratio, an indicator of abdominal obesity, were determined in 200 men newly diagnosed with BPH who were hospitalized for surgery and in 302 randomly selected healthy male subjects from the population in Shanghai, China. RESULTS: A higher waist-to-hip ratio and higher serum insulin were significantly associated with an increased risk of BPH. Relative to men in the lowest waist-to-hip ratio quartile (less than 0.856) those in the highest quartile (greater than 0.923) were at 2.4-fold risk (odds ratio 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34 to 4.37, test for trend p = 0.01). Similarly relative to men in the lowest quartile of insulin (less than 5.87 microU. per ml.) those in the highest quartile (greater than 9.76 microU. per ml.) were at significantly increased risk (odds ratio 2.47, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.54, test for trend p = 0.009). The effect of insulin on BPH risk was more pronounced in men in low and middle tertiles of the waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratios comparing high to low insulin tertiles 2.8 and 2.7, respectively), while among men in the highest waist-to-hip ratio tertile insulin was not significantly associated with BPH risk. In contrast, we found no significant odds ratio comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of leptin (odds ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.17) or body mass index (odds ratio 1.64, 95% CI 0.96 to 2.81). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that abdominal obesity and increasing serum insulin, and possibly overall obesity but not serum leptin are associated with a higher risk of BPH. Further prospective and laboratory studies are needed to confirm these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Vascular damage induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and arteriosclerosis shown in a model of type 2 diabetes in a trans-sectional population study using contrast-enhanced colour Doppler ultrasound for exact assessment of prostatic blood flow. METHODS: Contrast-enhanced transrectal colour Doppler ultrasound was performed using a microbubble-based ultrasound enhancer SonoVue for evaluating prostate vascularity (transitional zone [TZ] and peripheral zone [PZ]) in diabetic BPH patients, non-diabetic BPH patients and healthy subjects. Computer-assisted quantification of colour pixel intensity (CPI) was used to objectively evaluate the prostate vascularity. Resistive index measurements were obtained in the TZ and the PZ. Findings were compared between these three groups. RESULTS: TZ-CPI was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic BPH men (p=0.001), whereas the CPI of the PZ showed no difference between these two groups (p=0.978). TZ-CPI of patients with diabetic and non-diabetic BPH were significantly lower than in controls (p<0.001), but no difference was found between diabetic and healthy patients in the PZ (p=0.022) and borderline significance was seen when comparing patients of the BPH group with the control patients (p=0.019). Resistive index values of the TZ in diabetic patients showed significantly higher values (p<0.001) than the BPH and control groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The significantly lower CPI and higher resistive index values of the TZ in diabetic patients compared with patients with non-diabetic BPH and healthy subjects indicate considerable vascular damage in the TZ of these patients. Diabetic vascular damage may cause hypoxia and may contribute to the pathogenesis of BPH.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prophylactic bladder neck incision in the treatment of small benign prostatic hyperplasia.

From May 1986 to January 1989, a total of 178 patients with small prostate (less than 20 grams) received transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Twenty-two patients (12.4%) developed bladder neck contracture with an average interval of 247 days. The prophylactic bladder neck incision was performed concomitantly with transurethral resection of the prostate on 72 patients. Although smaller adenoma (average weight: 11.4 grams) was resected in this group, the bladder neck contracture occurred in 4 patients (5.6%), compared to 18 contractures in 106 patients (16.9%) who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate alone for larger adenoma (14 grams), P value less than 0.05. The operation time, peri-operative morbidity and hospital stay were similar in these two groups. It appeared that prophylactic bladder neck incision could protect against the formation of bladder neck contracture in patients with small obstructing prostatic adenoma.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2006

Effect of doxazosin on oxidative stress-related proteins in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress can induce cell mutations or proliferation which then can progress to carcinogenesis or remodeling. The same oxidative stress-mediated mechanism could participate in prostate cell proliferation and remodeling present in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Doxazosin induces prostate epithelial and stromal cell apoptosis through production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), but cellular mechanisms are not completely clarified. In 10 prostate samples from BPH untreated patients who underwent TUR, we have assessed the gene and protein expression of: p22(phox) (subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase essential for O(2)(-) production); heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (induced by oxidative stress and antiapoptotic); TGF-beta (inhibitor of prostatic epithelial and stromal cell growth); the in vitro effect of doxazosin on expression of these markers. METHODS: RT-PCR and Western blot with specific primers and antibodies. p22(phox), HO-1 and TGF-beta were quantified by the ratio between their PCR and Western blot products and GAPDH. RESULTS: Doxazosin significantly reduced p22(phox) gene and protein expression (0.61 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.36 +/- 0.04 d.u., p < 0.0002; 0.85 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.03, p < 0.0001, respectively). Doxazosin concentration dependently reduced HO-1 gene and protein expression (0.57 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.49 +/- 0.06 d.u. (1 microM) p < 0.04, vs. 0.22 +/- 0.08 (10 microM) p < 0.0001; 0.78 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.44 +/- 0.1 (10 microM) p < 0.003 respectively) and increased TGF-beta protein expression (0.58 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.16 (1 microM) n.s. vs. 0.81 +/- 0.07 (10 microM) p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Induction of oxidative stress-related proteins seems to be involved in the prostate cell proliferation and remodeling present in BPH. Doxazosin may reduce oxidative stress through reduction of p22(phox). Surprisingly, HO-1, which is induced and protected by oxidative stress, is also reduced by doxazosin. HO-1 is a potent antiapoptotic factor and downregulator of TGF-beta. From the results of this preliminary study it could be proposed that the proapoptotic effect of doxazosin could be mediated, at least in part, through the contemporary inhibition of HO-1.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The American Urological Association 2003 guideline on management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a Canadian opinion.

The 2003 American Urological Association (AUA) guideline on management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was released at the AUA annual meeting in Chicago, April 2003 and the diagnosis and treatment recommendations were published later in 2003. It is likely that the 2003 AUA guideline on the management of BPH will have a profound effect on clinical urologic practice in the USA, but its influence on Canadian urological practice will be different because of our socialized medical system, manpower issues, availability of expensive technology and our unique Canadian perspective. The authors review the 2003 AUA guideline on the management of BPH and based on a perspective obtained from recent publications, consensus/consultant meetings, focus groups and anecdotal experience, attempt to put the recommendations into Canadian context. We conclude that the 2003 AUA guideline for the management of BPH is an important document that should be studied, evaluated and understood by Canadian urologists. Although our perspective is clearly different than our US colleagues, it is likely that the guideline will influence the management of BPH in Canada.

Canada↗
PubMed2000

The correlation between clinical outcome and residual prostatic weight ratio after transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess in a prospective study the use of a new variable, the residual prostatic weight ratio (RPWR), for evaluating the clinical outcome after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From April 1996 to June 1997, 40 men (mean age 70.4 years, range 53-85) with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were evaluated using the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score, measurements of the mean and maximum urinary flow rate (Qave and Qmax), and by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) before and 16 weeks after TURP. The estimated total prostate weight was derived as 0.52 x length x width x height x the specific gravity of the prostate (1.010). The RPWR was calculated as the prostate weight after TURP divided by the initial weight, where the value after TURP was the initial weight minus that of the TURP specimen. The clinical outcome was evaluated by the difference (Delta) in AUA score, Qmax and Qave before and 16 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: There was a close correlation between the estimated prostate weight and the actual weight of the TURP specimen (r = 0.82 and 0.80 for the adenoma and total prostate, respectively). The mean (SD) RPWR, DeltaAUA score, DeltaQmax and DeltaQave were 50.1 (17.1)%, 11.5 (5. 3), 9.0 (4.2) mL/s and 6.2 (2.9) mL/s, respectively. There was a negative correlation between the RPWR and the DeltaAUA, DeltaQmax and DeltaQave (r = -0.81, -0.68, and -0.70, respectively, P < 0.05). The prostate volume estimated by TRUS decreased significantly 16 weeks after TURP. CONCLUSIONS: TRUS is a useful tool for estimating prostate weight before surgery. The smaller the RPWR at 16 weeks after TURP, the better the clinical outcome.

Aged↗
PubMed2007

Laser prostatectomy versus transurethral resection of prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of laser-prostatectomy compared with transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). METHODS: This randomized clinical trial with one year follow-up, was conducted on 87 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) at Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 1999 to 2003. Fifty-two patients underwent TURP and 35 patients were treated by non-contact laser prostatectomy using ND: YAG laser at 40-60 watt power and 13000-29000 jules energy settings. RESULTS: Comparing variables of urinary maximum flow and residue, changes of urine volume and severity of symptoms during consequent periods of 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation in 3 groups revealed that differences in maximum urinary flow changes were significant only in the sixth month (p<0.05). Also, changes in the severity of symptoms before and after the operation showed more decrease in the TURP group during all 3 periods of follow-up (p=0.01). In the laser prostatectomy group duration of operation (p=0.01), amount of fluid used during the operation (p<0.001) and duration of bed rest (p<0.001) were less than those of the TURP group. CONCLUSION: Laser prostatectomy can decrease duration of operation, duration of bed rest and pathogenesis following the operation in patients. Although changes in the severity of symptoms are more pronounced in TURP patients, changes in urodynamic indexes are similar in both groups.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Transurethral electrochemical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism and feasibility of transurethral electrochemical therapy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: Between March 1998 and March 2000, specifically designed devices and catheters for electrochemical therapy were applied to 6 prostate specimens obtained by suprapubic prostatectomy in order to treat BPH patients with urinary retention for whom surgery was contraindicated. Sixteen patients (with a mean age of 77.3 years old) underwent electrical treatment totaling 160-220 coulombs under topical urethral anesthesia for 68-132 min. The catheters remained inside the patient for 7-10 d. RESULTS: Irreversible destructive changes occurred within cathodal tissue, while carbonization occurred within anodic tissue. The radius of tissue change was 7-8 mm and 1-2 mm, respectively. In vivo trial: 11 (69%) patients could be weaned off the catheters with satisfactory urination. Three months after therapy, the mean international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was 14.5, mean peak flow rate was 10.5 ml/s, and mean residual urine was 39 ml. No serious complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Transurethral electrochemical treatment is potentially a minimally invasive alternative for treatment of BPH, especially for elderly patients at high risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Temperature-correlated histopathologic changes following microwave thermoablation of obstructive tissue in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the intraprostatic pathologic changes following accurately measured doses of transurethral microwave thermal energy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: Eight patients scheduled for prostate surgery were treated for approximately 1 hour without anesthesia using a newly designed microwave treatment catheter that allows a close impedance match to prostate tissue and concentrates thermal energy preferentially in the anterior and lateral prostate gland. Interstitial, urethral, and rectal temperatures were continuously measured using a novel stereotactic thermal mapping technique. Serial sections of prostate tissue harvested during subsequent surgery were evaluated pathologically with prostate mapping. RESULTS: Microwave treatment resulted in marked and continuous intraprostate temperature elevation, while urethral and rectal temperatures remained low. Peak intraprostate temperatures in individual patients reached as high as 80 degrees C. Mean temperature reached a maximum of 54 degrees C at a radial distance of approximately 0.5 cm from the urethra and remained 45 degrees C or higher up to a distance of 1.6 cm. The predominant pathologic findings were uniform hemorrhagic necrosis and tissue devitalization without significant inflammation. The mean distance from the urethra to the viable-necrotic tissue border was 1.6 +/- 0.2 cm (range, 0.5 to 2.5). At this border, no more than 1 mm in thickness, temperature averaged 45.7 +/- 0.6 degrees C, and there was a suggestion that pure stromal nodules were more resistant to thermal injury. CONCLUSIONS: Microwave treatment can destroy obstructive prostate tissue while maintaining innocuous urethral and rectal temperatures. Temperatures of 45 degrees C or higher for approximately 1 hour cause uniform thermoablation of prostate tissue.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1996

Enhanced expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in prostate cancer as compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has been shown to be the primary factor responsible for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Recently PTHrP has been shown to be an early-response gene that may be involved in cellular proliferation or differentiation. In addition, PTHrP has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone metastases. Bone metastases are a significant complication in patients with prostate cancer. We compared the expression of PTHrP by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody directed against epitope between amino acids [53-64] in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with that in various stages of prostate cancer. Tissue sections were obtained on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks from BPH, well-differentiated prostate cancer, poorly differentiated prostate cancer, lymph node metastases (n = 15 each), and normal prostate (n = 2). In the normal prostate tissue there was no staining observed. In BPH, 13 of 15 tissue samples were positive for PTHrP immunoreactivity. An average of 33% of the cells stained positive with 1+ intensity. All samples from prostate cancer stained positive for PTHrP. In the samples from well-differentiated prostate cancer, an average of 87% of cells stained positive for PTHrP, whereas 100% of cells were positive in poorly differentiated and metastatic tumors. The intensity of staining was 3+ in well-differentiated tumors and 4+ in poorly differentiated tumors. Therefore, the expression of PTHrP is enhanced in prostate cancer as compared with BPH and is greater in poorly differentiated carcinoma as compared with the well-differentiated tumors. The role of PTHrP in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer deserves further study.

Adult↗