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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Sex pheromones and reproductive isolation of the lesser peachtree borer and the peachtree borer.

(E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, and (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, isolated from the female lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), and the female peachtree borer, Sanninoidea exitiosa (Say), respectively, strongly attract the respective males of these species in field bioassays. These compounds are the largest pheromones isolated thus far from a lepidopterous species. Sanninoidea exitiosa males did not respond to the synthesized (E,Z)-isomer, and low concentrations of it in the synthesized (Z,Z)-isomer did not interfere with their response to the (Z,Z)-isomer. In contrast, even very low concentrations of the (Z,Z)-isomer (1 percent) in the (E,Z)-isomer significantly inhibited the response of Synanthedon pictipes males.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isolation of genotypic variants of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus (MNPV) isolated from a lepidopteran (Noctuidae) insect, Autographa californica, was cloned by successive plaque purification using virions containing only one nucleocapsid per envelope as inoculum. The ability to clone the virus by this method was demonstrated by the isolation of nondefective, genotypic variants of the virus with similar but not identical restriction endonuclease fragment patterns. Five distinct variants were identified by genotypic analysis with HindIII, EcoRI, SalI, and Bam HI restriction endonucleases. The characteristic genotype of each variant was maintained upon passage in insect larvae. The isolation of these virus variants demonstrates (i) the heterogeneity of the uncloned virus preparation and (ii) the ability to clone MNPVs by plaque purification of media-derived nonoccluded virions. The A. californica MNPV is being considered for commercial use as a pesticide in the United States, and the cloning of the virus, in view of the heterogeneity detected, may be advisable. The cloning and genotype analyses are also significant with regard to understanding the genetic nature of multiply embedded NPVs (those NPVs containing more than one nucleocapsid per envelope in the occluded form of the virus) and indicate that further genetic analysis of these viruses is possible.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of pheromone-mediated mating disruption and conventional insecticides for management of tufted apple bud moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Large-plot studies were used to compare pheromone-mediated mating disruption and conventional insecticide applications for management of tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), in North Carolina in 1993 and 1994. Pheromone trap catches were reduced in mating disruption blocks, and traps placed in the lower stratum of the canopy had a higher level of trap capture reduction compared with traps placed in the upper stratum. First-generation tufted apple bud moth exposure to either pheromones for mating disruption or insecticides affected second generation pheromone trap catches in the lower and upper canopy. More second generation male moths were caught in pheromone traps placed in the upper compared with the lower canopy in blocks treated with pheromones for mating disruption during the first generation, whereas the opposite was true in blocks treated with insecticides during the first generation. Despite reduced trap catches in pheromone-treated blocks, egg mass densities were not reduced in these blocks compared with insecticide-treated blocks. Furthermore, fruit damage was not significantly different between mating disruption blocks and conventionally treated blocks in orchards with relatively low populations of tufted apple bud moth, but damage was greater in mating disruption blocks in orchards with higher moth densities.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The suppression, by Helisoma duryi, of the cercarial production of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Biomphalaria pfeifferi.

Biological control of the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium by means of a competitor snail, Helisoma duryi, has been suggested. In the present laboratory study, the influence of H. duryi on the relationship between the parasite and the intermediate host was investigated. The results indicated that H. duryi behaves as a "decoy" if it is present when Biomphalaria pfeifferi is exposed to the miracidia of S. mansoni, and that the continued presence of H. duryi in the aquarium after B. pfeifferi has been exposed greatly reduces cercarial production. When these two species were present in equal numbers, cercarial production was reduced by 95.9% in comparison with a control group.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Perspectives on management of pestiferous Chironomidae (Diptera), an emerging global problem.

In recent years, adult Chironomidae emerging from some urban natural or man-made habitats have increasingly posed a variety of nuisance and economic problems, and in some situations medical problems to humans in different parts of the world. Although there are an estimated 4,000 or more species of chironomid midges worldwide, less than 100 species have been reported to be pestiferous. Among midge control methods, numerous laboratory and field studies have been conducted on the use of organochlorines, organophosphates (OPs), pyrethroids and insect growth regulators (IGRs). Field use of OP insecticides such as chlorpyrifos, temephos and others in the USA and Japan has generally resulted in larval control for 2-5 wk or longer with application rates below 0.56 kg AI/ha (USA) and less than 1-5 ppm (Japan). Frequent use of some OP insecticides in the USA and Japan has caused their increased tolerance in several midge species. The IGRs, diflubenzuron and methoprene, provide alternate means for midge control. These IGRs in some situations suppressed adult midge emergence by greater than 90% at rates less than 0.3 kg AI/ha. A number of parasites and pathogens have been reported from midges in different parts of the world. Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis is effective against some midge species, but at rates at least 10x or higher established for mosquito larvicidal activity. The flatworm, Dugesia dorotocephala, and some fish species offer a good potential for midge control in some situations. In large habitats covering hundreds or thousands of ha, information on the basic ecology of larval midges and adult behavior is essential for formulating midge control criteria. More research is needed on the biological and physical and cultural control of these pestiferous insects.

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