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PubMed1975

[Respiratory diseases due to noxious agents in agriculture workers].

Better working and living conditions resulted by scientific technical revolution in agriculture. Nevertheless specialization of agricultural labor created a higher risk against inhalative hazards among few professions. Among biological hazards that are for instant zoonoses and ornithosis, Q-fever, tularemia and tuberculosis. A series of allergenic dusts is of vegetable origin. Among chemical hazards pesticides, fertilizers and disinfectants and other hazards are discussed. Among physical hazards in building and in repair shops for agricultural machines single risk is possible by silicosis and asbestosis but dominating are unspecific dusts.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Micromethod for the HA and HI tests in ornithosis].

The possibility of using the HA and HI tests in micromethod modifications in ornithosis was studied. The hemagglutinating activity of various antigens was tested. By the employment of the micromethod antihemagglutinins were found in sera from patients, immunized animals (donkey and guinea pigs) as well as from pigeons and ducks. No antibody was found in control sera and sera from tortoises. The results of the HA and HI tests performed by macro- and micromethod were similar. The micromethod is as sensitive as the macromethod but the former is more economic and permits a larger amount of work to be done simultaneously.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Production of a noninfectious ornithosis hemagglutinin preparation].

One of the main obstacles to introduction of the HI test in to extensive use is the high infectivity of the causative agent suspensions used as the source of hemagglutinin (HA). The sterilizing effect of UV-rays, high temperature (56 -60 degrees C) and beta-propiolactone was studied in attempts at preparation of noninfectious ornithosis HA. Only BPL was found to be effective. By this method of treatment of the allantoic fluid a noninfectious preparation of ornithosis HA was obtained which was highly active and stable upon storage. It may be used for diagnostic studies in clinical laboratories.

Chlamydophila psittaci↗
PubMed1975

Alveolar macrophage response to experimentally induced ornithosis.

Effects of two strains of the agent of ornithosis upon alveolar macrophages of mice were compared. Macrophages were obtained by lavages of the lower respiratory tract. Experimental mice were intranasally infected with 100 LD50 of strain P 89 and strain Stanglová, respectively. Up to the culmination of the disease (from 6th to 8th day in P 89 and from 5th to 8th day in Stanglová), the number of harvested macrophages increased. The phagocytic index soon reached values around 40% (P 89) and 25% (Stanglová). Basophilic and eosinophilic macrophages increased in volume and their nuclear as well as plasma membranes became disrupted. A tendency of alveolar macrophages to fuse and form syncytial elements and sporadically, rosets, was observed. All cells in the lavage went through the same changes. Histological examination has shown initial changes in epithelial cells of bronchi and development of pneumonia after fusion of peribronchial leucocytic infiltrates. By employing the above described technique, no great changes in the quality of the effects of either strain P 89 or Stanglová were found. A slight difference was observed only in the degree of alveolar macrophage stimulation and in the onset of symptoms.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Wild pigeons and pheasants--a source of Chlamydophila psittaci for humans and animals.

The authors present results of serological examination in 275 pheasants (Phaisanus colchicus) and 273 pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) for the presence of Chlamydophila (Ch) psittaci IgG antibodies. Using micromethod of complement fixation (CF) test with genus-specific antigen Ch. psittaci (Bioveta, Ivanovice na Hané, Czech Republic), the seropositivity in pheasants oscillated between 31.5-40.4 %. No clinical signs of chlamydiosis were detected in pheasants under study. The seropositivity in pigeons ranged between 33.1-85.1%. Total 77.1% positivity with maximal 1:1024 antibody titre was found in 83 pigeons caught in April 2000, while, in June 2000 positivity was 41.0% with maximum titre 1: 512. Similarly, in the year 2001 the seropositivity in the group of 74 pigeons trapped in April reached up to 85.1% with the highest titre 1:1024 and in the pigeons trapped in June positivity decreased to 33.3% with the titer 1:256. These results prove an acute form of chlamydiosis and suggest that pigeons in spring time are an especially significant source of chlamydiosis for the human and animal population.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of community-acquired pneumonia guidelines of Japanese Respiratory Society: differentiation of atypical pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia].

To evaluate the usefulness of differentiation of atypical pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia in the community-acquired pneumonia guidelines of the Japanese Respiratory Society, we investigated 124 cases of three atypical pneumonias (Mycoplasma pneumonia, 62 cases; Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia, 46 cases; Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, 13 cases) and 403 cases of bacterial pneumonia at our hospital over seven years. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria in the guideline were 70.4% and 91.8%, respectively. High accordance was recognized in patients under 60 years old with atypical pneumonia. Items in the criteria that included subjective factors were considered inassessable. We found that the differentiation of pneumonias in the guideline is useful for the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia among younger patients, but it should be concise and objective. We therefore propose that the criteria would be more effective if they consisted of only 4 items: age under 60 years, no underlying disorders, presence of stubborn dry cough, and normal peripheral white blood cell count.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

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Aged↗