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PubMed2005

An evaluation of the use of digital study models in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the diagnostic and treatment planning value of digital models when compared with plaster study casts. In addition, the level of orthodontic experience of the examiner was assessed to determine whether this would have an influence on the decision-making process. Thirty randomly selected orthodontic patients from the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Alabama were selected for the study. From the 30 record sets, seven were selected attempting to mirror cases required for presentation to the American Board of Orthodontics. The seven evaluators were divided into two groups on the basis of their level of orthodontic experience. Initially, each evaluator assessed each patient record. Each evaluator was given a standardized questionnaire which recorded the evaluator's diagnosis based on use of the digital study models (T1). Regardless of whether the evaluator requested a review of the plaster study casts, the evaluator was given the plaster study casts. The evaluator then, using the plaster casts, filled out another identical questionnaire (T2). A chi-square test was used to determine any group differences in the frequency of changed diagnostic characteristics, treatment mechanical procedures, or proposed treatment plans after evaluating plaster study models. The statistical significance selected was P = .05 level of significance. The results showed that 12.8% of diagnostic characteristics, 12% of treatment mechanic procedures, and 6% of proposed treatment plans changed after T2. The results of the present study indicate that in the vast majority of situations digital models can be successfully used for orthodontic records.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed1981

The correction of primary knee deformities in children.

One hundred and fourteen patients with primary knee deformity either genu varum, genu valgum or combined varus and valgus deformities were treated with serial plaster cylinder casts and wedging for six to nine months. The children were aged between 2 to 13 years, the peak incidence being in the third year of life. Forty-seven of the patients were found to have active or healed rickets but the remaining patients showed no evidence of rachitic lesions. Results showed that serial corrective plaster casts gave a satisfactory cosmetic appearance in 69 patients but the older the patient the less favourable was the result. Eighteen patients were resistant and underwent surgical osteotomy of the femur or tibia; in four instances multiple osteotomy was required. The conclusion was that plaster of Paris casts were a safe and effective method of correcting primary deformity of the knee in the majority of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

When should a synthetic casting material be used in preference to plaster-of-Paris? A cost analysis and guidance for casting departments.

An accurate cost analysis of the use of one of the new synthetic casting materials (Cellacast) compared with plaster-of-Paris (Gypsona) was undertaken over a 3-month period in the fracture clinic of Cardiff Royal Infirmary. The mean duration of usage before failure for synthetic forearm, scaphoid and below-knee casts was found to be approximately twice that of plaster casts. The use of synthetic casting materials was found to be cost-effective in situations where there was thought to be a high probability that structural failure of the cast would occur. Guidelines for the use of plaster-of-Paris and synthetic casting materials are presented.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed1982

Nonimmobilization of surgically treated tuberculosis of spine in children.

Tuberculosis of the spine is still one of the major health problems in developing countries. The treatment is prolonged and the morbidity considerable. The children are kept off active play for many months. Because of the duration of the disease the treatment is expensive for the class of patients usually afflicted by this disease. The older conservative treatment by chemotherapy, found to be inefficient and inadequate, is now being replaced in most world centres by surgical debridement of the tubercular focus. However, these surgical procedures are usually followed and often preceded by attempts of immobilization by various means such as plaster shells, casts, braces, etc. Postsurgical resumption of activities is usually not allowed for many months. We have observed that a pre and postsurgical immobilization is not required in the strict manner as it is being practices by most clinics today. Our study has shown that gadgets such as plaster casts, etc., have no added advantage and are cumbersome for the patients. They also create a management problem for the family. The fear that neurological complications could develop or that the deformity would increase in severity in the absence of immobilization is not correct. During follow-up examination, patients were evaluated for general and local condition, ESR, local radiograms, neurological status, and the resumption of activities. The increase in the deformity is due to the loss of growth in the particular segment rather than the stress on the spine, which could not be totally prevented anyway by external immobilization.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Basic casting techniques.

Plaster of Paris in bandage or slab form is still the most common material used for immobilisation of injured limbs. It is inexpensive and can be used with ease to produce a smooth, conforming and safe cast. Many of the synthetic materials now available for casting also have excellent conforming characteristics. They produce light and extremely durable casts, are less messy during application and their use is increasing.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Hexcelite versus plaster of Paris: a controlled trial of the below-knee walking cast.

Hexcelite and plaster of Paris below-knee walking casts were compared in a controlled clinical trial, involving 82 patients. Fewer bandage complications, problems and better comfort was found with Hexcelite compared to plaster of Paris (P less than 0.05). If all costs relating to materials, transportation, complications and extra visits due to these, were taken into account, plaster of Paris was found more expensive than Hexcelite. Based on the above an increased use of Hexcelite is recommended.

Adolescent↗