Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PECTORALIS MUSCLES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Infraclavicular median nerve compression caused by a lipoma.

The most common site of median nerve compression is in the carpal tunnel, the most common of all entrapment neuropathies. Less frequent entrapment neuropathies of the median nerve include the anterior interosseous and pronator syndromes in the proximal forearm. Even less commonly seen is entrapment at the infraclavicular segment of the brachial plexus. Median nerve compression at the level of the axilla has been reported as being caused by anomalous axillary arch muscles, anomalous vascular perforations of the nerve or its roots, the pectoralis minor muscle, and a thickening of the deltopectoral fascia. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of compression at that level by a benign tumor.

Clavicle↗
PubMed1983

Tropomyosin from adult human skeletal muscle is partially phosphorylated.

Alpha and beta tropomyosins were isolated from postmortem adult human psoas and pectoralis major muscles. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and amino acid analysis were used to show that 10% of the major alpha tropomyosin component was phosphorylated. The 31P NMR spectra also suggested that human beta tropomyosin was phosphorylated, but to a lesser extent.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of in vivo catalysis by creatine kinase in avian skeletal muscles with different fibre composition.

The maximum activity of creatine kinase in vitro is similar in the pectoralis major muscle of the chicken and the duck. However, the flux (phosphocreatine to ATP) as measured by 31P saturation transfer NMR in vivo is almost 2-fold higher in the duck. This apparent discrepancy can be accounted for by the differences in the cytosolic free ADP concentrations in resting muscle.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1995

[Traumatic rupture of the greater pectoral muscle tendon].

The authors describe the case-history of a rare covered injury of the musculus pectoralis major, abruption of the attachment of its tendon on the humerus. In the world literature only three major groups were described, the majority of publications pertain only to individual observations. In the development of the injury always a very similar mechanism is involved, a considerable proportion are sports injuries. The injury is adequately defined from the diagnostic aspect, it may cause embarrassment because it is uncommon. As the loss of function is marked, surgical repair is considered the method of choice. The importance of early operation is emphasized. The described technique of reinsertion produced results satisfactory from the patient's point of view.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Lateral face reconstruction with the medial-based cervicopectoral flap.

The problem of reconstructing large defects involving the lateral facial skin following extirpative surgery for cancer was ideally addressed by the use of the cervicopectoral flap. It has proved reliable, easy to fashion, and cosmetically acceptable; yet it does not interfere with sound oncologic principles for carcinoma resection in the head and neck. It has received little exposure in the literature and we feel it is an underutilized flap. No major complications are reported with this flap in our series of six patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Denervated chicken breast muscle displays discoordinate regulation and differential patterns of expression of alpha f and beta tropomyosin genes.

The expression of the alpha fast (alpha f) and beta tropomyosin (TM) genes has been analysed with muscle-specific and common cDNA probes after unilateral nerve section of the pectoralis major muscle (PM) in 4-week-old chickens. The following were observed in denervated muscles. (1) The beta TM mRNA, which was repressed during development, reaccumulates in a biphasic curve with the increase in the beta TM protein lagging behind the changes in its mRNA. Accordingly, no beta TM is seen in products translated in vitro from total and polyA+ RNA obtained 1 week after denervation. No such translation block is seen with RNA obtained from control or muscles denervated for 6 weeks. (2) No changes in the alpha fTM mRNA and corresponding protein are observed. (3) RNA processing of the two genes is not changed. (4) In the contralateral muscles, transitory increases in alpha f and beta TM mRNAs are observed while the corresponding proteins remain unchanged. Our data suggest that muscle fibres display early and long-term responses to the loss of neural input which might result from a combination of changes produced by regenerative processes and reprogramming of existing fibres. Moreover, in contrast to normal development, no reciprocal changes of alpha f and beta TM expression are seen in denervated muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Glucose uptake in vivo in skeletal muscles of insulin-injected chicks.

Glucose uptake across the plasma membrane in animal cells plays a crucial role in whole-body glucose homeostasis. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in vivo in several tissues was estimated using the 2-deoxy-D-[1-(3)H]glucose ([(3)H]2DG) uptake determination method. A tracer dose of [(3)H]2DG was injected intravenously into 8-day-old chicks (Gallus gallus) administered simultaneously or previously with porcine insulin (40 microg/kg BW). After 10 or 20 min, several major tissues, including skeletal and cardiac muscle, were sampled and their 2-deoxy-D-[1-(3)H]glucose 6-phosphate content analyzed. Plasma glucose concentration and [(3)H]2DG radioactivity were lowered by insulin within 20 min of [(3)H]2DG administration, while the plasma [(3)H]2DG/glucose ratio was not significantly different between chicks injected with insulin and their control counterparts. A marked uptake of 2DG was observed in cardiac tissue and brain, followed by kidney and skeletal muscles. In skeletal muscles, insulin increased the 2DG uptake in soleus, extensor digitorum longus and pectoralis superficialis muscles. On the other hand, no significant increases in insulin-induced 2DG uptake were detected in cardiac muscle or adipose tissue compared to controls. The results show that glucose transport across the plasma membrane in vivo in most skeletal muscles tested, but not cardiac muscle, was increased by insulin administration to chicks. These findings suggest that an insulin-responsive glucose transport mechanism is present in chickens, even though they intrinsically lack GLUT4 homologous gene, the insulin-responsive glucose transporter in mammals.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Repair of right ventricular free wall defect with a pedicled muscle flap.

A unique case of repair of a full-thickness cardiac defect and simultaneous reconstruction of an infected median sternotomy wound is presented. A right ventricular defect, 6 cm in diameter, was closed with a fascia lata graft and reinforced with a rectus abdominis muscle flap. The superior portion of the mediastinum was obliterated with a pectoralis major muscle flap. The patient tolerated the procedure well and remains free of cardiac symptoms seven months postoperatively, with no evidence of residual infection.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic and organ mass responses to selection for high growth rates in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus).

Evolutionary hypotheses suggest that higher rates of postembryonic development in birds should either lower the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a trade-off between the costs of growth and maintenance or increase RMR because of a buildup of metabolic machinery. Furthermore, some suggest that higher rates of postembryonic development in birds should reduce peak metabolic rate (PMR) through delayed tissue maturation and/or an increased energy allocation to organ growth. We studied this by comparing metabolic rates and organ sizes of fast-growing meat-type chickens (broilers) with those of birds from a laying strain, which grow much slower. During the first week of life, despite growing six times faster, the RMR of the broiler chickens was lower than that of birds of the laying strain. The difference between strains in RMR disappeared thereafter, even though broilers continued to grow twice as fast as layers. The differences between strains in growth rate during the first week after hatching were not reflected in similar differences in the relative masses of the heart, liver, and small intestine. However, broilers had heavier intestines once they reached a body mass of 80 g. In contrast, broilers had relatively smaller brains than did layers. There was a positive correlation, over both strains, between RMR and the masses of leg muscles, intestine, and liver. Furthermore, despite delayed maturation of muscle tissue, broilers exhibited significantly higher PMR. We hypothesize that a balance between the larger relative muscle mass but lower muscle maturation level explains this high PMR. Another correlation, between leg muscle mass and PMR, partly explained the positive correlation between RMR and PMR.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Pectoral girdle myalgia in women: a 5-year study in a clinical setting.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the part played by drag on the pectoral girdle muscles of women in the production of pain in these muscles from breast weight being carried at the shoulders through the brassiere straps. DESIGN: When patients presented with pain in the pectoral girdle musculature, breast weight was recorded. The sites of pain and tenderness were also recorded because tenderness in the trapezius has been shown to correlate well with muscle ischemia. The patient was then asked if she would be willing to remove breast weight from the shoulders for two weeks, as a trial, to see whether pain was relieved. The Student t test was used to determine whether breast weight was significant in producing symptoms and signs in the pectoral girdle musculature and, if so, where these sites were located. SETTING: Private surgical practice with patients initiating the consultation randomly. INTERVENTION: Removal of breast weight from the shoulders for a period of 2 weeks. The choice of method was left to the patient. Most chose brassiere removal; only one patient chose a strapless brassiere. RESULTS: Presence or absence of muscle pain after the trial period. Long-term outcome was presence or absence of muscle pain and tenderness. Seventy-nine percent of patients decided to remove breast weight from the shoulder permanently because it rendered them symptom free.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

An analysis of the role of calcium in facilitation at the frog neuromuscular junction.

1. Under appropriate conditions stimulation of the neuromuscular junction by a single impulse or a brief train causes subsequent impulses to release increased amounts of transmitter. It has been proposed that this facilitation of transmitter release is due to calcium which remains on release sites following the conditioning stimuli. This residual calcium hypothesis is examined in frog cutaneous pectoris muscle in the present study.2. The second component of facilitation is shown to depend on the amount of calcium present during tetanization as required by the residual calcium hypothesis.3. The quantitative behaviour of the facilitation accompanying tetani of a number of frequencies and durations is found to be consistent with the residual calcium hypothesis.4. Quantitative analysis of facilitation leads to a description of the time course of removal of calcium from release sites which is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Synapse formation and elimination during growth of the pectoral muscle in Xenopus laevis.

1. Synapse formation and synapse elimination were studied in the pectoral muscle of Xenopus laevis. 2. Histology showed that fibres were not added during postmetamorphic growth. Most fibres were innervated at two widely separated junctions and this number did not change as frogs grew. 3. Intracellular recording revealed that fibres with two junctions could be mononeuronally innervated, or innervated in one of three different polyneuronal patterns. A growth-related shift in innervation pattern was observed, with the polyneuronal patterns replaced by mononeuronal innervation. 4. Endplate potentials (EPPs) evoked by low-frequency nerve stimulation were simultaneously measured at both junctions on individual fibres. For each fibre, the ratio of EPP amplitudes (smaller/larger) was calculated. When the two junctions were innervated by different motoneurones (A-B), the median EPP ratio was smaller than when the two junctions were innervated by the same motoneurone (A-A), although the difference was not significant. 5. The difference in the ratio of EPP amplitudes became significant, however, if junctions were conditioned by a train of fifty stimuli at 10 Hz. Immediately after such a train, EPP ratios for A-B fibres were significantly smaller than ratios for A-A fibres. This difference was due to greater synaptic depression at one of the junctions on A-B fibres. 6. We concluded that enhanced depression of the EPP upon repetitive stimulation is a physiological correlate of the competition that underlies synapse elimination.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Immunohistochemical fiber typing of harbor seal skeletal muscle.

There is strong evidence that pinnipeds maintain a lipid-based, aerobic metabolism during diving. However, the few fiber-typing studies performed on pinniped skeletal muscles are not consistent with an aerobic physiological profile. The objective of this study was to reexamine the fiber type distribution throughout the primary locomotory muscles of the harbor seal Phoca vitulina. Results from immunohistochemical (IHC) fiber typing indicated that harbor seal swimming muscles (the epaxial muscles) are composed of 47.4% type I (slow twitch, oxidative) fibers and 52.8% IIa (fast twitch, oxidative) fibers, which are homogeneously distributed throughout the muscle. Harbor seal pectoralis, a secondary swimming muscle, was composed of 16.2% type I and 84.3% type IIa fibers. No fast twitch, glycolytic (type IIb) fibers were detected in either muscle, in contrast to published data on fiber typing of harbor seal epaxial muscles using traditional histochemical techniques. The extreme specificity inherent in the IHC fiber typing procedure leads us to conclude that harbor seal swimming muscle is entirely composed of oxidative fibers. Our results are consistent with the enzymatic analyses of pinniped skeletal muscle that support the use of lipid-derived aerobic catabolism to fuel working muscle during diving in these marine mammals.

Analysis of Variance↗